{"title":"Probing defect nature and reduction degree of reduced graphene oxide/polyoxometalate composites by Raman spectroscopy","authors":"Grégory Barbillon , Nada Marzouq , Catherine Debiemme-Chouvy","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.101020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is hugely employed in various applications. For these applications, it is significant to assess the defect nature and the reduction degree of rGO. Here, rGO samples are obtained from GO reaction with a reduced polyoxometalate (POM) leading to a nanocomposite, rGO decorated with POM species. Two simple and eco-friendly methods were used to synthesize this composite, for comparison purposes. The Raman intensity ratio of the D-peak to G-peak of GO and rGO are used to analyze the defect nature with a theoretical Raman diagram of defects allowing to identify these latter (0D or 1D defects or an intermixing of 0D and 1D defects). Moreover, the Raman intensity ratios of D+G-peak to D-peak and D*-peak to G-peak of GO and rGO are used to assess the reduction degree of rGO. Thus, these results can allow to optimize the rGO performances for the targeted applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 101020"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147400103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FlatChemPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-11DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2026.100996
Kuande Wang , Huan Gao , Yuxu Huangfu , Haoran Li , Yuge Zhu , Qianyi Li , Jingrui Zhang , Quanyou Feng , Shasha Wang , Linghai Xie
{"title":"Carbazole-Triazine based D − A molecule of organic microcrystals for crystallization-induced emission enhancement","authors":"Kuande Wang , Huan Gao , Yuxu Huangfu , Haoran Li , Yuge Zhu , Qianyi Li , Jingrui Zhang , Quanyou Feng , Shasha Wang , Linghai Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.100996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.100996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Donor-acceptor (D-A) molecules can mitigate the decline in solid-state luminescence efficiency caused by aggregation-caused quenching to some extent through intramolecular or intermolecular charge transfer interactions. To further unlock the potential of D-A systems in solid-state luminescence and advance the development of high-performance organic luminescent molecules, crystallization-induced emission enhancement as an efficient strategy was carried out to elucidate the relationship between aggregate state and luminescence efficiency. We employed 9-(4-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole (Cz-TRZ) as the carbazole-triazine based D-A molecule and prepared the one-dimensional microcrystals. The photoluminescence quantum yield of Cz-TRZ increased from 21% in the amorphous film to 47% in the crystalline film, representing a 123% enhancement. The long-range ordered and rigid lattice suppresses intramolecular rotation/vibration, reducing non-radiative decay. Stacking dominated by weak interactions avoids strong π–π stacking, inhibiting exciton quenching. Precise control of packing modes in the aggregated state can serve as an optional strategy to achieve highly efficient solid-state luminescence, highlighting its central role in unlocking the luminescent potential of D-A molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100996"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FlatChemPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100988
Andrea Rossi , Elena Corrao , Eugenio Alladio , Damjana Drobne , Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba , Kerstin Jurkschat , Veno Kononenko , Loay Akmal Madbouly , Paul Mrkwitschka , Nakhli Yasamin , Sara Novak , Jörg Radnik , Špela Saje , Rosangela Santalucia , Fabrizio Sordello , Francesco Pellegrino
{"title":"Multivariate optimization and characterization of graphene oxide via design of experiments and chemometric analysis","authors":"Andrea Rossi , Elena Corrao , Eugenio Alladio , Damjana Drobne , Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba , Kerstin Jurkschat , Veno Kononenko , Loay Akmal Madbouly , Paul Mrkwitschka , Nakhli Yasamin , Sara Novak , Jörg Radnik , Špela Saje , Rosangela Santalucia , Fabrizio Sordello , Francesco Pellegrino","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controlling the structure and properties of graphene oxide (GO) remains a challenge due to the poor reproducibility of conventional synthetic protocols and limited understanding of parameter-property relationships. In this study, we present an integrated analytical framework that combines Design of Experiments (DoE) with chemometric modelling to systematically assess the effects of eight synthesis variables on GO's physicochemical and functional features. A Plackett–Burman experimental design enabled efficient screening of synthesis conditions, while comprehensive characterization (spanning UV–Vis spectroscopy, XPS, SEM–EDX, TEM–EDX, and XRD) was coupled with multivariate tools (Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression) to identify statistically significant correlations between synthetic inputs and material responses. Notably, we demonstrate that UV–Vis spectra can serve as a robust proxy for oxidation state, offering a rapid and accessible alternative to surface-sensitive methods. The approach yields a predictive analytical toolkit for guiding GO synthesis and highlights a generalizable strategy for the rational design of flat nanomaterials. This work supports reproducible, resource-efficient material development aligned with Safe and Sustainable by Design (SSbD) principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100988"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FlatChemPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100987
Munaf Mohammedbasha , Saravana Pandi Sivaji , Shen-Ming Chen , Santhiyagu Sahayaraj Rex Shanlee , A. Irudaya Jothi , Chandini Ragumoorthy
{"title":"Advanced p-n heterojunction of CuO and NaNbO3 incorporated in mesoporous silica: A nanohybrid platform for metronidazole sensing in multiple matrices","authors":"Munaf Mohammedbasha , Saravana Pandi Sivaji , Shen-Ming Chen , Santhiyagu Sahayaraj Rex Shanlee , A. Irudaya Jothi , Chandini Ragumoorthy","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring food safety through rapid and sensitive detection of chemical contaminants remains a critical challenge in modern food monitoring. In this study, we report the development of an innovative hybrid nanocomposite comprising a copper oxide‑sodium niobate (CNN) p-n heterojunction inconporated within mesoporous silica (MCM-41), synthesized via a facile ultrasonication-assisted method. This advanced material was specifically engineered for the electrochemical detection of metronidazole (MNZ), a veterinary drug and antimicrobial agent frequently used in food-producing animals and commonly monitored due to its potential health risks. Comprehensive physicochemical characterizations confirmed the successful integration of the CNN heterojunction into the silica matrix, with well-defined interfaces enabling efficient charge separation and enhanced electron transfer kinetics. Electrochemical evaluations revealed the CNN/MCM-41 sensor's outstanding analytical performance, achieving a wide linear detection range (0.14–680.0 μM) and an ultralow detection limit (0.042 μM) for MNZ. Importantly, the sensor demonstrated excellent practical applicability in real food matrices, with recovery values ranging from 88.4 % to 99.2 % in complex samples such as egg, milk, and honey, alongside environmental validation in river water. These findings highlight the strong potential of the CNN/MCM-41 sensor as a reliable, cost-effective, and rapid screening platform for trace-level monitoring of antimicrobial residues in food, aligning well with current food safety regulatory needs and emerging technological trends.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100987"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FlatChemPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2026.100992
Ru-song Li , Ling-jun Zheng , Jia-huan Zhang , Yu-song He , Zheng Xie , Jin-tao Wang , Fei Wang
{"title":"Multiscale computational framework for lithium intercalation behavior and performance optimization of MS2 anodes in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Ru-song Li , Ling-jun Zheng , Jia-huan Zhang , Yu-song He , Zheng Xie , Jin-tao Wang , Fei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.100992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.100992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a multiscale computational framework to investigate the lithium intercalation behavior and performance optimization of <em>M</em>S<sub>2</sub> (<em>M</em> = Mo, W, V) anode materials in lithium-ion batteries. By integrating quantum mechanical insights with multiphysics simulations, we analyze the concentration polarization, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer dynamics, anode particle size effects, solid-phase lithium diffusion, and electrolyte salt concentration impacts. The results suggest that concentration gradients significantly affect the battery voltage and energy throughput, while the SEI layer growth contributes to the irreversible lithium loss and internal resistance increase. The particle size primarily influences the rate capability and energy density, with an optimal balance required. The solid-phase lithium diffusion coefficient impacts both the rate capability and parasitic reactions. Additionally, the electrolyte salt concentration affects the concentration polarization and SEI growth dynamics. This work provides insights into performance optimization strategies for <em>M</em>S<sub>2</sub> anode materials, paving the way for an advanced lithium-ion battery design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100992"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FlatChemPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100977
R.T. Sibatov , D.A. Timkaeva
{"title":"Tunable electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of stable quasi-fractal graphene/h-BN in-plane heterostructures","authors":"R.T. Sibatov , D.A. Timkaeva","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study quasi-fractal in-plane heterostructures combining graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) triangles with zigzag edges. Unlike previous fractal designs based on porous graphene or carbon nitride monolayers, the proposed heterostructures are dynamically stable, as confirmed by the absence of imaginary modes in their phonon spectra and their stability in molecular dynamics simulations. Using first-principles calculations, we compute the band structures, frequency-dependent optical conductivity, and absorption spectra for three characteristic generations, revealing generation-dependent quantum transport phenomena. Our study compares four configurations, differentiated by their interfacial bonding (C-N vs. C-B) and by which component (graphene or h-BN) maintains a fixed domain size through successive generations. The hierarchical geometry of quasi-fractal monolayers governs their electronic and optical properties, inducing band flattening, and generation-dependent spectral shifts. The quasi-fractal Gr/h-BN heterostructures maintain metallic conductivity across increasing generations, contrasting with typical fractal localization behavior. This anomalous conduction arises from interface-driven charge transfer at Gr/h-BN boundaries, where unequal B/N stoichiometry creates conducting channels that override both h-BN insulation and fractal geometry constraints. These specific transport pathways enable the observed high thermoelectric efficiency (<span><math><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mi>T</mi><mo>></mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span>) in these systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100977"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FlatChemPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2026.100993
Sadang Husain , Pei-Wei Weng , Yong-Yin Yang , Chandrasekaran Sneka , Tsung-Rong Kuo
{"title":"Plasmonic nanoisland films for bacterial theranostics: A comprehensive study of silver and gold nanoislands for surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection and photothermal therapy","authors":"Sadang Husain , Pei-Wei Weng , Yong-Yin Yang , Chandrasekaran Sneka , Tsung-Rong Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.100993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.100993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is driving the need for innovative theranostic platforms combining bacterial detection and therapy. In this study, we focused on synthesizing and characterizing plasmonic silver nanoisland films (AgNIFs) and gold nanoisland films (AuNIFs) fabricated on glass substrates using a seed-mediated growth method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy confirmed the distinct nanoisland structures and elemental compositions of the AgNIFs and AuNIFs. Ultraviolet-visible spectra revealed maximal plasmonic absorption peaks at 558 nm for AgNIFs and 624 nm for AuNIFs. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection enabled ultra-sensitive bacterial detection. The photothermal conversion efficiencies of AgNIFs and AuNIFs were respectively calculated to be 63.43% and 58.57%, based on their heat transfer time constants and maximum steady-state temperatures under light irradiation. Under AM1.5 simulated solar light irradiation, photothermal therapies of AgNIFs and AuNIFs resulted in the effective eradication of <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>). The antibacterial properties of AgNIFs and AuNIFs against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>, as confirmed by SEM images, demonstrated bacterial damage caused by photothermal therapy under light irradiation. The integration of SERS detection with plasmonic photothermal activity provides a synergistic strategy for bacterial theranostics, enhancing both diagnostic sensitivity and therapeutic effectiveness. This study highlights the potential of AgNIFs and AuNIFs as versatile platforms for advancing innovative antibacterial diagnostic technologies and therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100993"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FlatChemPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2026.100994
Sonnur Kurtuluş , Jerzy Pawel Lukaszewicz , Piotr Kamedulski
{"title":"Borophene layers embedded in a carbon matrix via a modified polymerisation strategy","authors":"Sonnur Kurtuluş , Jerzy Pawel Lukaszewicz , Piotr Kamedulski","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.100994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2026.100994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preserving borophene's intrinsic 2D structure within bulk hosts remains difficult due to oxidation, restacking, and structural collapse. Here, we introduce a scalable surfactant-assisted polymerisation route that embeds few-layer borophene-derived lamellar boron domains within a porous carbon matrix while maintaining their sheet-like character. High-resolution TEM and elemental mapping confirm the uniform distribution of sheet-like boron domains. Nitrogen sorption analysis further reveals a hierarchical micro/mesoporous structure with a BET surface area of 728 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>. By comparison, the borophene-free reference shows a markedly lower accessible porosity, indicating that borophene incorporation plays a key role in enhancing and reorganising the accessible surface area. The composite was electrochemically evaluated towards both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In acidic media, the material exhibits HER activity with an overpotential of 374 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and a Tafel slope of 125 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>. Overall, this work establishes, to the best of our knowledge, an experimentally validated strategy for integrating borophene-derived lamellar boron domains as functional, surface-active components within carbon-based electrocatalytic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100994"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FlatChemPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100984
Yan-Chun Wang , Maheshika Kumarihamy , Hui-Fen Wu
{"title":"Probe ultrasonication assisted synthesis of 2D tryptophan-tungsten metal organic nanosheets through ion-molecule chelation reaction (IMCR) with enhanced fluorescence for dual optical sensing of epinephrine","authors":"Yan-Chun Wang , Maheshika Kumarihamy , Hui-Fen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human neuroendocrine disorders are increasing in prevalence, and epinephrine (EP) serves as an important biomarker for their diagnosis and monitoring. In this study, 2D Trp–W nanosheets were synthesized through a 2D ion–molecule chelation reaction (2D-IMCR) and applied as a dual optical sensing platform for EP detection. The coordination between W and Trp shifted the intrinsic UV fluorescence of tryptophan to a cyan colored visible emission with a significantly higher intensity. The nanosheets exhibited high sensitivity in both fluorometric and colorimetric modes, achieving limits of detection of 0.466 μM and 0.686 μM, respectively, with R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.976 and 0.982. These findings demonstrate that the 2D Trp–W nanosheets are an efficient and versatile material for visible-range, dual-mode sensing of epinephrine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100984"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FlatChemPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100989
Abdelwahab Boukheit , Christian Garnier , Amèvi Tongne , France Chabert , Belkacem Otazaghine , Aurélie Taguet
{"title":"Effect of alignment of h-BN platelets in LDPE disks on the thermal conductivity: Microstructure and modeling","authors":"Abdelwahab Boukheit , Christian Garnier , Amèvi Tongne , France Chabert , Belkacem Otazaghine , Aurélie Taguet","doi":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.flatc.2025.100989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has gained significant attention due to its high thermal conductivity and low electrical conductivity, making it an attractive option for effective heat dissipation in electronic devices. This article specifically explores the impact of unidirectional alignment of h-BN platelets on the thermal conductivity of a low-density polyethylene matrix composite (LDPE/h-BN). The composite materials were fabricated by layering thin films, and various parameters, such as platelet size and film thickness, were systematically investigated. Additionally, dynamic mechanical behavior analysis (DMA) was conducted to assess the influence of incorporating h-BN particles on the dynamic mechanical properties of the composites. The study also involved modeling to enhance our understanding of the correlation between particle orientation and thermal conductivity. Regarding the difference between both h-BN and the use of different dies to elaborate the films, in-plane TC are relatively different because the orientation of the platelets in the final disk is highly influenced by both parameters. This alignment led to a remarkably high thermal conductivity value of 4.25 W/(m·K) with 50 wt% of h-BN 003. The study underscored the critical roles played by particle size and film thickness in achieving optimal thermal conductivity. Notably, this study stands out by avoiding the use of solvents during the composite development process, which sets it apart from approaches generally developed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":316,"journal":{"name":"FlatChem","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100989"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}