European Polymer Journal最新文献

{"title":"Photodynamic, UV-curable and fibre-forming polyvinyl alcohol derivative with broad processability and staining-free antibacterial capability","authors":"Man Li ,&nbsp;Charles Brooker ,&nbsp;Rucha Ambike ,&nbsp;Ziyu Gao ,&nbsp;Paul Thornton ,&nbsp;Thuy Do ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Tronci","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising antibiotic-free strategy for broad-spectrum infection control in chronic wounds, minimising bacterial resistance risks. However, rapid photosensitiser diffusion, tissue staining, side toxicity, and short-lived antimicrobial effects present significant clinical limitations for integrating APDT into wound dressings. To address these challenges, we present the design of a bespoke polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) derivative conjugated with both phenothiazine and methacrylate functionalities, enabling staining-free antibacterial photodynamic effects, cellular tolerability and processability into various wound dressing formats, including films, textile fibres and nanoscale coatings. Tosylation of PVA is leveraged for the covalent coupling of toluidine blue ([TB]: 0.69 ± 0.03–0.81 ± 0.05 mg per gram of polymer), as confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy and the minimal average release of TB (≤ 3 wt%, &lt;<!--> <!-->0.4 µg) following 96-hour incubation <em>in vitro</em>. UV-induced network formation is demonstrated by complete solution gelation, rheology, and a high gel content (<em>Ḡ</em> &gt; 95 wt%), and exploited to accomplish cast films and nanoscale integrated wound dressing coatings. UV curing is also successfully coupled with an in-house wet spinning process to realise individual, water-insoluble fibres as the building blocks of fibrous wound dressings. A fluorometric assay supports the generation of reactive oxygen species when the UV-cured samples are exposed to work, but not UV, light, yielding a mean log₁₀ reduction of up to 2.13 in <em>S. aureus</em>, and the complete eradication of <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. Direct and extract cytotoxicity tests with UV-cured films and fibres demonstrate the viability of L929 fibroblasts following 60-min light irradiation and 72-hour cell culture. The bespoke molecular architecture, broad processability and cellular tolerability of this PVA derivative are highly attractive aiming to integrate durable staining-free photodynamic capability in a wide range of healthcare technologies, from chronic wound dressings up to minimally invasive localised therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113794"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Performance Electrochromic Polymers Enabled by Side-Chain Engineering for Intelligent Windows and Supercapacitors","authors":"Yu Cai ,&nbsp;Ke Lu ,&nbsp;Imran Murtaza ,&nbsp;Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Siqin Sun ,&nbsp;Zhenyuan Mei ,&nbsp;Xingchen Liu ,&nbsp;Mengran Xiao ,&nbsp;Shuai Chang ,&nbsp;Meili Xu ,&nbsp;Yaowu He ,&nbsp;Hong Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The advancement of high-performance electrochromic polymers with integrated energy storage capabilities is crucial to addressing the growing demand for intelligent windows and supercapacitors. However, conventional conducting polymers face inherent trade-offs between stability, conductivity, and optical contrast, posing significant challenges to their practical application. Here, two novel high-performance electrochromic polymers, PmroDOTBDTPh and ProDOTBDTPh, were reported through specific side-chain modifications of an electron-donating phenyl ring unit embedded within the polymer backbone. Incorporating an oligo (ethylene glycol) side chains into the electron-rich benzene unit of PmroDOTBDTPh significantly enhanced intramolecular charge transfer, ion diffusion, and surface hydrophilicity, leading to improved optical contrast (40 %), faster response time (1.61 s), and higher coloration efficiency (186.88 cm² C^-1) in electrochromic devices compared to ProDOTBDTPh. PmroDOTBDTPh-based electrochromic devices also exhibited superior cycling stability, maintaining 93 % of the initial optical contrast even after 11,451 cycles. Furthermore, PmroDOTBDTPh applied in supercapacitors demonstrated excellent charge storage capacity due to lower self-loss demonstrating its potential as a promising dual-functional material. This work provides new insights into the design of advanced electrochromic materials for next-generation electrochromic and energy storage devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113796"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple responsive self-healing behavior of amino-functionalized CuS-modified thermo-reversible polyurethane containing double dynamic covalent bonds","authors":"Jiaofeng Ye,&nbsp;Haocheng Liu,&nbsp;Danbin Zhu,&nbsp;Chenyang Guo,&nbsp;Yanhua Liu,&nbsp;Libang Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A self-healing polyurethane with five-fold response to thermal, near-infrared light, microwave, sunlight and UV light is prepared by introducing amino-functionalized copper sulfide (CuS-NH₂) nanoparticles into thermally reversible polyurethane containing both Diels-Alder and disulfide bonds. The prepared polyurethane exhibits optimal comprehensive mechanical properties and self-healing performance when the addition amount of CuS-NH₂ is 0.3 wt%. The polyurethane with quite high tensile strength (14.3 MPa), hardness (75 HA), elongation at break (625 %), and toughness (24.85 MJ/m³) can be obtained. Cracks in the modified polyurethane can be self-healed repeatedly through heat-treated at 120 °C for 6 min, or irradiated with 4 W/m² of near infrared light at a wavelength of 808 nm for 60 s, or treated under a 250 W microwave for 80 s, and followed by a heat treatment for 12 h at 60 °C. More importantly, the damaged sample can also be repaired multiply after being treated to simulated sunlight or irradiated with 250–380 nm UV light for 6 h. Results show that the quickest self-healing speed and highest repair efficiency can be resulted when the materials are exposed to near-infrared light. The self-healing behavior is achieved through the cooperation of thermo-reversible Diels-Alder reaction, disulfide bonds exchange, dissociation and regeneration of hydrogen bonds, directional migration of CuS-NH₂ nanoparticles. These findings give important implication for the development of multi-responsive self-healing materials with efficient self-healing capability. Meanwhile, it provides various ideal selections for damage repair under different environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113792"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keratin eutectogel as a strain sensor: Towards environmentally friendly technologies","authors":"Rodrigo Nicolás Núñez ,&nbsp;Tomás Arnal ,&nbsp;Ximena Guerbi ,&nbsp;Flavia Michelini ,&nbsp;Claudio J. Pérez ,&nbsp;Celina Bernal ,&nbsp;Alejandro Berra ,&nbsp;Guillermo Javier Copello","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible strain sensors have gained a lot of interest in the last decade in response to the increasing demand for wearable and flexible electronic devices for medical applications and soft robotics. In this work, a simple economic strategy is proposed to fabricate a protein-based strain sensor from bovine horns. The keratinous material undergoes a mild alkaline hydrolysis at low temperatures in the presence of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) to obtain a keratin <em>eutectogel</em>. These novel materials showed great stretchability (∼90 %) and excellent sensing capabilities (gauge factor = 3.7), while being biocompatible and biodegradable. Furthermore, the materials were used for more than 600 operating cycles without any significant signal loss and with excellent linearity of the electrical response. Due to the ionic nature of the DES, the keratin eutectogel showed high ionic conductivity and anti-drying properties, allowing their use for extended periods of time without a significant loss of signal stability. As a result, the proposed strain sensor was successfully used for the sensing of human motions. This work can lead to a paradigm shift in the construction of flexible sensing devices by envisioning environmentally friendly materials with excellent properties to replace synthetic ones, thereby helping to reduce the negative impact of technological developments on nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113791"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorinated silicone-modified epoxy acrylate amphiphobic coatings Exhibiting highly efficient resistance to simulants of chemical warfare agents","authors":"Huijuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongcheng Yang ,&nbsp;Likun Chen ,&nbsp;Yongchao Zheng ,&nbsp;He Zheng ,&nbsp;Yan Cui ,&nbsp;Ruifeng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) could penetrate into the interior of some items, which would cause the difficulty of decontamination and pose a significant security threat to personnel due to the desorption of CWAs. In this study, fluoro-silicon-epoxy acrylate ternary prepolymer was firstly prepared, which contained fluoroalkane, epoxy and siloxane groups in its side chains. Then, fluorinated silione-modified epoxy acrylate coatings were prepared using 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane (DDCM) and organofluorosiloxane as mixed curing agents, which had excellent protective properties against 2-chloroethylethyl thioether (CEES) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), simulants of mustard and nerve agents. Compared to the coating prepared using DDCM, the coatings prepared with mixed curing agents possessed significantly enhanced amphiphobic properties while maintaining high resistance to CWAs simulants. By controlling the length of the fluorine-containing segment, diverse rough structures could be formed on the surface of the coating. The crosslinking density, relative fractional free volume, low surface energy materials, and rough structures were key factors for achieving coatings with good anti-penetration and amphiphobic properties against simulants. The Barrier rate of the coating against DMMP and CEES could reach 99.96% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, contact angles of DMMP, CEES, and water on the coating could reach 120°, 109°and 148°, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113793"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A choline bio-ionic liquid-functionalized gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel for chronic wound healing","authors":"Aihik Banerjee ,&nbsp;Parnian Jabbari ,&nbsp;Manuela Martins-Green ,&nbsp;Iman Noshadi","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic wounds present a major healthcare challenge due to delayed healing, risk of infection, and limited treatment options. Current biomaterials-based chronic wound treatment strategies lack the multifunctional attributes necessary for tackling a myriad of pathophysiological complexities presented by chronic wounds. Here, we introduce a choline-based bio-ionic liquid (BIL)-functionalized gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel (BioGel) formulated for treating diabetic chronic wounds in a unique mouse model that recapitulates chronic wounds in humans. We tested the <em>in vitro</em> angiogenic potential of BioGel using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Finally, we applied the BioGel hydrogel on chronic wounds in <em>db/db^-/-</em> mice, twice weekly for 21 days or until wound closure. BioGel improved angiogenesis in co-cultures of HUVECs and hMSCs as evidenced by a significantly increased number of intact vascular tube formations compared to GelMA, highlighting the pro-angiogenic function of choline in BioGel. The application of BioGel accelerated wound closure, reduced biofilm, and promoted hair regrowth, in our human-relevant diabetic chronic wound model. These results suggest that BioGel offers a multifunctional, effective solution for chronic wound management, surpassing the limitations of current treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113787"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-substituted 1,8-naphtalene imide-based (macro)initiator for investigation of photochemically induced ATRP process","authors":"Mária Gurská ,&nbsp;Anita Eckstein-Andicsová ,&nbsp;Jana Nováčiková ,&nbsp;Jaroslav Mosnáček","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exact mechanism of photochemically induced atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) performed without venting the reaction mixture, remains not fully elucidated, especially the effect of oxygen on initiation efficiency. Here new photoactive 1,8-naphtalene imide-based compound was synthesized and applied as an initiator in copper-catalyzed photoATRP. The naphthalene-based photoactive compound was designed to serve as fluorescent markers at the beginning of the polymer chain for the study of the initiation efficiency of photoATRP with minimal effect on the polymerization mechanism itself. Photoactive naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid derivative (NI) bearing alkyl bromide initiator was synthesized in a two steps process starting from commercially available naphthalic anhydride and subsequently utilizing carboxylic acid derivatives for esterification. After successfully preparing the potential initiator, it was applied for the first time in photoATRP of acrylates in various solvents (DMF, DMSO) in the presence of air. Two catalytic systems in ppm amounts were used comprising either CuBr₂/ tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine (Me₆TREN) or CuBr₂/ tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) complex. The systematic study of the effect of solvent and catalytic complex allowed optimization of conditions to achieve high control over the molar masses and narrow dispersity while minimizing the negative effect of naphthalene imide chromophore. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) equipped with a fluorescent detector was used for investigation of the initiation efficiency during photoATRP from low molecular weight naphthalene imide-based initiator as well as during chain extension photoATRP. As a potential applicability of the fluorescently labeled polyacrylates, they were used as ink for security printing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113789"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helical diamagnetism of a polyaniline-based polynitroxyl radical/hydroxypropyl cellulose blend","authors":"Ryo Miyashita ,&nbsp;Yutaka Shike ,&nbsp;Reiji Kumai ,&nbsp;Hiromasa Goto","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, poly(<em>m</em>-aniline) was synthesized via Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling polycondensation (Buchwald–Hartwig coupling) and oxidized using <em>m</em>-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (Tokumaru reaction) to generate nitroxyl radicals on the mainchains. Furthermore, oxidized poly(<em>m</em>-aniline) was blended with hydroxypropyl cellulose, which is a helical liquid crystal polymer. The obtained blend polymer was characterized using polarizing optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and optical spectroscopy. The magnetic properties of the blend polymer were investigated using electron spin resonance and a superconducting quantum interference device. The mainchain of oxidized poly(<em>m</em>-aniline) in the matrix formed a helical structure because hydroxypropyl cellulose served as a helical template. Consequently, the spins on the mainchain resulted in the formation of a helical structure, and the blend polymer exhibited a helical diamagnetic behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113790"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A step towards sustainable bio-based solid polymer electrolytes for batteries: Terpene-based block copolymer-nanostructured self-assembly","authors":"Antoine Aynard,&nbsp;Laurent Billon","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, novel partially Bio-Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes B2SPE were elaborated by synthesizing block copolymers BCP with a thermoplastic PolyThymylAcrylate (PTA) block derived from biomass and an elastomeric ion conductive Poly(PentaFluoroStyrene-<em>graft</em>-Ethylene Glycol) (PPFS-<em>graft</em>-PEG) block. The copolymers were obtained <em>via</em> Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization NMP of TA and PFS monomers successively, followed by a <em>para</em>-thiol modification of the PPFS block using a PEG-thiol containing 6 ethylene oxide (EO) units. We investigated the effect of different PPFS-PEG proportions in the BCP as well as the used of various bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) conductive salts (Li, Na, and K) on the thermal and ionic conductive properties of the B2SPEs related to their morphology. Indeed, the evaporative drying induced the self-assembly of the raw Bio-Based Block CoPolymers B2BCPs and their conductive homologues B2SPEs. The B2BCP self-assembly is slightly modified by the addition of TFSI conductive salts whatever the salts nature and content. The Li filled thermoplastic/elastomeric PTA-<em>block</em>-(PPFS-<em>graft</em>-PEG), as LiTFSI-based B2BCP, ionic conductivity was improved significantly by tuning the composition of the copolymer and salt ratio, demonstrating the potential of such nanostructured B2SPEs. This concept paves the way as a sustainable approach towards bio-based solid polymer electrolyte B2SPE with lower carbon footprint for battery innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 113788"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rational design and molecular engineering of ultrastable porous fluorescent guanidine functionalized polybenzoxazine","authors":"Mohammed G. Kotp ,&nbsp;Mohamed Gamal Mohamed ,&nbsp;Aya Osama Mousa ,&nbsp;Shiao-Wei Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reports the design, synthesis, and characterization of a novel compound, 1,2,3-tris(7-bromo-2H-benzo[e]<span><span>[1]</span></span>, <span><span>[3]</span></span>oxazin-3(4H)-yl)guanidine (BGu-BZ), using triaminoguanidinium chloride (Gu-3NH₂) as a precursor through a straightforward Mannich condensation reaction. The resulting benzoxazine monomer exhibited distinct fluorescence properties influenced by solvent polarity, with emission maxima shifting across solvents. Thermal curing of BGu-BZ at 220 °C yielded poly(BGu-BZ), a porous polymer with enhanced fluorescence emission and excellent thermal stability (T_d10 = 381.5 °C). The cured polymer demonstrated a surface area of 43 m²/g and significant fluorescence shifts, confirming alterations in electronic structure and increased conjugation. The study highlights the solvatochromism behavior of both monomer and polymer, underscoring their potential for applications in luminescent technologies such as solvent sensing and optoelectronics. This work provides valuable insights into the structural-functional relationship in guanidine-functionalized benzoxazines, paving the way for advanced material applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 113786"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}