European Polymer Journal最新文献

{"title":"Designing electrospun nanofibers in the distinct morphologies from poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and waterborne polyurethane on the cotton fabric: A multifunctional approach for antimicrobial activity and its interaction with SARS-CoV-2","authors":"Burhan Beycan ,&nbsp;Meryem Kalkan Erdoğan ,&nbsp;Merve Eylul Kiymaci ,&nbsp;Nilgün Ünal ,&nbsp;Sevcan Yangın ,&nbsp;Begum Yurdakok – Dikmen ,&nbsp;Ayhan Filazi ,&nbsp;Meral Karakışla ,&nbsp;Mehmet Saçak","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces the development of reusable and antimicrobial face mask materials by coating cotton fabric surfaces with electrospun nanofibrous meshes. A waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) polymer, synthesized from biodegradable sources under mild, catalyst-free conditions, served as the primary coating material. The WBPU polymer was combined with poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (P2Ox), a biocompatible polymer, and its hydrolyzed derivative, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-co-poly(ethylene imine) (P2Ox-co-PEI). These polymer blends were electrospun onto cotton fabrics to form nanofibrous meshes in three distinct morphologies: hybrid, Janus, and core–shell. The materials were characterized using comprehensive techniques, including optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical testing (breaking force and elongation), air permeability measurements, and water contact angle-wetting time assessments. The results revealed enhanced material properties, including improved mechanical strength, optimized wettability, and adequate air permeability suitable for protective face masks. Biocompatibility was demonstrated through cell proliferation tests using mouse fibroblasts, showing a 30 % increase in cell growth on the coated fabrics. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) ATCC 29213 and <em>Candida albicans</em> (<em>C.albicans</em>) ATCC 10231 (100 % inhibition) and antiviral activity against COVID-19 virus SARS-CoV-2 (94.11 % reduction), highlighting the potential for these materials as alternatives to conventional surgical masks. This work underscores the feasibility of creating sustainable, high-performance protective fabrics that combine biodegradability, biocompatibility, and robust antimicrobial properties, offering a promising solution for personal protective equipment in medical and non-medical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 113907"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green chemistry in coatings: Terpene based acrylates as substitutes for petrochemical compounds","authors":"Franziska Obermeier ,&nbsp;Paul N. Stockmann ,&nbsp;Oliver I. Strube","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Terpene-based acrylic monomers provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional acrylic monomers. Due to their low volatility, they can be directly used in high-solid UV coating systems. The wide variety of monoterpenes allows for tailoring the properties of the acrylates by selecting the appropriate raw material, enabling them to match or even exceed the performance of petrochemical monomers. Novel monoterpene copolymers, synthesized with limonene-based acrylates and nopol-based methacrylate, demonstrated excellent curing performance, thermal stability, and solvent resistance. The storage and loss moduli of the respective homopolymers of the limonene-based monomers were analyzed through DMA measurements. The results indicated that these monomers yield very hard polymers with a moderate degree of cross-linking. These findings underscore the potential of terpene-based acrylates as versatile, high-performance, and sustainable substitutes for fossil-based monomers in UV-coating systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 113913"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of hyperbranched polyphenylsilsesquioxane–dimethylsiloxane copolymer by the Piers-Rubinsztajn reaction and its properties","authors":"Y.K. Hasiak ,&nbsp;I.V. Frank ,&nbsp;Y.K. Tiulkin ,&nbsp;M.V. Shishkanov ,&nbsp;T.O. Ershova ,&nbsp;D.A. Khanin ,&nbsp;T.U. Kirila ,&nbsp;A.P. Filippov ,&nbsp;M.N. Temnikov","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a synthesis of hyperbranched polyphenylsilsesquioxane–dimethylsiloxane (<strong>hb-PPSQ</strong>) copolymer <em>via</em> the Piers-Rubinsztajn (PR) reaction has been developed from a PhSi(OEt)₂OSiMe₂H AB₂-type monomer. The <strong>hb-PPSQ</strong> formation pathway and the influence of reaction conditions (the monomer feed rate, concentration and amount of the monomer, reaction temperature) on the molar mass characteristics of the resulting <strong>hb-PPSQs</strong> were investigated by ¹H, ²⁹Si NMR, MALDI, FTIR, and GPC techniques. The reaction of the said monomer initially produces cyclic phenylethoxydimethylsiloxane. Further molar mass growth is possible when a fresh monomer is added to the reaction cycle. Thus, EtOSi-end capped <strong>hb-PPSQ</strong> with a molar mass of 24.5 kDa and DB≈0.5 was obtained. The terminal ethoxy groups of the resulting <strong>hb-PPSQ</strong> can be modified by the one-pot PR reaction with triorganosilane to give <strong>hb-PPSQs</strong> with a variety of end groups. In this way, SiMe₂Ph- and SiMe₂Vin-terminated <strong>hb-PPSQs</strong> were obtained. Their hydrodynamic and thermal properties were studied. These polymers have low glass transition temperatures (∼ −60 °C) along with high onset decomposition temperatures (∼ 400 °C).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 113911"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization, and application of biodegradable superabsorbent gels based on carboxymethyl chitosan-modified sodium lignosulfonate","authors":"Yanfei Liu ,&nbsp;Juan Li ,&nbsp;Shengnan Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaokai Wu ,&nbsp;Shaowen Huang ,&nbsp;Dingbo Shu ,&nbsp;Chi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaogang Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel three-dimensional bio-based superabsorbent hydrogel, SL-P(AA-AMPS)/CMCS, was synthesized via freeze-drying using sodium lignosulfonate (SL) with rigid phenylpropane structures as the bio-based framework, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) enriched with hydrophilic groups (–OH, –COOH, and –NH₂) as the hydrophilic modifier, and acrylic acid (AA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as monomers. Polymerization was initiated by ammonium persulfate (AP) and crosslinked with N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (MB). The hydrogel’s structure, morphology, and absorption properties were systematically characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results revealed a uniform porous structure with an average pore size of 5.8 μm. Absorption capacities in deionized water and 0.9 % NaCl solution reached 1132.9 g/g and 127.9 g/g, respectively, surpassing commercial diaper fillers (273.3 g/g and 61.5 g/g) and feminine hygiene products (223.5 g/g and 45.8 g/g). Under pressurized conditions (2068 Pa), absorption values remained high at 125.7 g/g (deionized water) and 24.0 g/g (0.9 % NaCl solution). The hydrogel exhibited exceptional water retention, retaining 88.8 % and 85.8 % of absorbed water after 8 h at 40 °C and 60 °C, respectively. Swelling kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model (R² &gt; 0.99), achieving equilibrium within 600 s (deionized water) and 60 s (0.9 % NaCl solution). Biodegradation tests demonstrated a 47.5 % degradation rate in soil after 28 days, significantly exceeding that of non-bio-based P(AA-AMPS) (3.7 %). Application tests highlighted superior absorption capacities for artificial urine (82.4 g/g) and blood (179.2 g/g), outperforming conventional hydrogels by 3.3- and 7-fold, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 113905"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of drying scheme for polyetherimide film to achieve ultra-high breakdown strength and enhanced energy storage performance","authors":"Chengye Bian ,&nbsp;Xiao-ming Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenwen Wu ,&nbsp;Junxi Zhu ,&nbsp;Dawei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As one of potential candidates for fabricating high-power dielectric polymer capacitors, polyetherimide (PEI) has been paid much attention. However, energy storage performance of PEI films, especially discharge energy density, has demonstrated notable discrepancies among various studies. The reported maximum discharge energy densities of PEI are still below 7 J∙cm⁻³, and are closely related to the drying procedures. In this work, PEI films were meticulously synthesized via the solution casting method, with focusing on optimizing the drying procedures to enhance their energy storage performance. The PEI films were pre-dried at various temperatures for different durations. The different drying procedures do not cause change in chemical bonds of PEI. The optimized protocol involves a precise pre-drying step at 80 °C for 8 h in vacuum, seamlessly followed by further drying at 200 °C for 12 h. Pure PEI prepared via the optimized drying procedure exhibits the lowest glass transition temperature of 215.69 °C, exceptional breakdown strength of 678 MV∙m⁻¹, and astounding discharge energy density of 8.48J∙cm⁻³, surpassing the majority of previously reported values. The work not only presents an effective simple method for developing high-performance pure PEI films, but also provides some guidance to enhance energy storage performance of polymer materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 113904"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyolefin based Nano-Objects via ARGET ATRP mediated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly process","authors":"Xinyue Liang,&nbsp;Jingwei Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Wu,&nbsp;Xiaotong Fang,&nbsp;Pengyu Qu,&nbsp;Guowei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyolefins (POs) are key materials in industrial applications, and the development of high-performance and high-value-added POs is always a significant and challenging research focus. The major challenge lies in addressing compatibility between non-polar POs and polar functional components. We herein reported a facile strategy to prepare PO-based nano-objects using an activator regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (ARGET ATRP PISA) process based on hydrogenated polyisoprene-<em>b</em>-poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (HPI-<em>b</em>-PGMA)/poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) blends. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed effective control over a wide range of hydrodynamic diameters of stabilized spherical nano-objects. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) demonstrated the efficient and controllable introduction of phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) into nano-objects, with POs serving as the shell and flame retardants forming the core. This work was hoped to provide a versatile route to PO-based nano-objects and open a novel avenue for designing PO-based additives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 113906"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile synthesis of P-functionalized diphenyl-methylvinyl-copolysiloxane for high-performance epoxy thermosets","authors":"Xiyu Zhang,&nbsp;Aoxiang Ge,&nbsp;Yong Tang,&nbsp;Wei Wei,&nbsp;Xiaojie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inherent brittleness and flammability of epoxy resin (EP) significantly limit its applications in high-performance fields. To address these challenges, a P-functionalized diphenyl-methylvinyl-copolysiloxane additive (DOPS) was synthesized via a simple method using diphenylsilane, dimethoxymethylvinylsilane, and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). This additive was incorporated into epoxy systems cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), effectively enhancing both toughness and flame retardancy. When the DOPS content reached 6.93 wt%, the DOPS-4 thermosets achieved a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. Additionally, the total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) of the DOPS-4 sample decreased by 41.34 % and 39.04 %, respectively, compared to the neat EP thermoset. These improvements were attributed to the trapping effect of P-containing radicals and the formation of a P/Si-containing char layer, which effectively inhibited combustion and reduced smoke and heat release. In addition, the flexural and impact strengths of DOPS-4 were improved by 15.6 % and 95.3 %, respectively, compared to the neat EP thermoset. These enhancements were ascribed to the rigid phosphaphenanthrene segments and abundant flexible chains in DOPS. Moreover, the DOPS-modified epoxy thermosets still exhibited excellent thermal stability. In sum, this work provides a facile and effective strategy to enhance the toughness and flame retardancy of epoxy thermosets, offering promising potential for advanced material applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 113903"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New water-soluble coumarin-ketone-pyridium salts photoinitiators for antibacterial coatings under visible LED photocuring","authors":"Qiyue Zhou,&nbsp;Sijin Chen,&nbsp;Xinyue Guo,&nbsp;Chuncai Zhou,&nbsp;Ming Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing global emphasis on public health, personal hygiene, and environmental safety, the development of effective strategies to inhibit microbial growth and transmission has become a critical research focus, driving rapidly expanding demand for antibacterial materials across multiple fields. UV-photocured antibacterial coatings have gained widespread adoption due to their fast curing rates, low energy consumption, and environmentally friendly characteristics. However, commercially available water-soluble photoinitiators such as Irgacure 2959, while exhibiting certain photosensitivity and low cytotoxicity, demonstrate poor compatibility with visible LED light sources. Herein, we present a novel class of visible LED-sensitive coumarin-ketone-pyridinium salt photoinitiators with varied anions, systematically investigating their photoinitiation performance and antibacterial properties. Our findings reveal that these dual-functional photoinitiators in combination with coinitiator N-phenylglycine (NPG) enable efficient and rapid photocuring when exposed to visible LED irradiation, with the water-borne coatings demonstrating excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, both the photoinitiators and resultant coatings exhibit good hemocompatibility, underscoring their promising potential for antibacterial coating applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 113896"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wound dressings using electrospun nanofibers: mechanisms, applications, and future directions","authors":"Ruiyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yunqi Ma ,&nbsp;Min Yang ,&nbsp;Yongxi Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiao Ma ,&nbsp;Benkai Li ,&nbsp;Yanbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xin Cui ,&nbsp;Mingzheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yunze Long ,&nbsp;Changhe Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrospun wound dressings feature a large surface area, excellent breathability, and moisture retention, which not only support cell growth and tissue repair but also effectively protect wounds from infection. Therefore, they hold great potential for use in wound care applications. However, systematic reviews on electrospun wound dressings are limited, and there is a lack of practical experience in wound management, resulting in insufficient guidance for real-world applications. This study provides a comprehensive analysis and overview of electrospun wound dressings. First, electrospun wound dressings can be categorized into uniaxial nanofibers, core–shell nanofibers, porous nanofibers, and bead-like nanofibers based on their structural characteristics. Next, the mechanisms by which electrospun nanofibers promote wound healing are summarized. Nanofibers with different structures enhance cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation through their high specific surface area, maintenance of a moist environment, extracellular matrix mimicry, and sustained release of bioactive molecules, thus facilitating epithelialization and tissue regeneration. Additionally, optimized mechanical properties and biocompatibility improve the stability of wound support, reducing complications and inflammatory responses, which in turn significantly accelerate the healing process. Furthermore, the applications and effects of various electrospun wound dressings are reviewed, with an emphasis on the positive roles of different nanofiber structures in promoting tissue repair, maintaining a moist environment, and minimizing scarring and infection risks. Finally, a summary of the wound-healing characteristics of different nanofiber dressings is provided, highlighting the most effective wound dressings for each nanofiber type, as well as suggesting future development directions for electrospun wound dressings. This study aims to provide theoretical guidance and technical support for advancing wound healing through electrospun wound dressings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 113900"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photon-powered composite fabrication: Advancing fiber-reinforced composites with light-induced systems","authors":"Mustafa Ciftci ,&nbsp;Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen","doi":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs) are advanced materials combining fibers (e.g., glass, carbon, aramid) with a polymer matrix to provide high strength, stiffness, durability, and lightweight properties. Traditional FRC manufacturing methods rely on thermal curing, which involves high energy consumption (often exceeding 100 °C for several hours) and long processing times, increasing production costs and limiting sustainability. To address these limitations, light-induced polymerization has emerged as a promising alternative. Light-induced polymerization, a process in which monomers are transformed into polymers through photoinitiators, offers spatial and temporal control, significantly reducing curing times to minutes while minimizing energy consumption. Unlike thermal curing, this method enables precise polymerization using various wavelengths of light, from UV to visible range, while reducing the need for toxic chemicals or solvents. Studies have demonstrated that UV-cured FRCs can achieve mechanical properties comparable to thermally cured composites, depending on the fiber content and resin formulation. Recent advancements, such as stepwise UV curing and radical-induced cationic frontal polymerization (RICFP), have improved light penetration, enabling uniform polymerization even in thick laminates (up to 20 mm). However, challenges such as limited light penetration due to fiber absorption and optical interference remain key barriers to widespread adoption. This review uniquely consolidates recent advancements in light-induced polymerization for FRC fabrication and critically evaluates strategies to overcome these challenges, including photoinitiator selection, diluent optimization, and wavelength tuning. By systematically discussing the role of photoinitiators, fiber types, fillers, and irradiation wavelengths, this work provides novel insights into the chemistry, processing strategies, and future directions of this emerging technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":315,"journal":{"name":"European Polymer Journal","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 113902"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}