Optoelectronic properties of electrodeposited films from dicarbazole-linked monomers: interplay between bridging geometry and electronic structure

This study reports the design, synthesis, and characterization of structurally related donor–acceptor electroactive monomers, each comprising electropolymerizable carbazole units connected via a single bond to a central heterocyclic ring namely, 1,4-triazole, s-triazine, or s-tetrazine. These heterocycles act as bridging frameworks that define the spatial arrangement between the carbazole moieties within the monomer structure. We explore how such systematic structural variations influence the electropolymerization kinetics, electrochemical behavior, charge transport, optoelectronic properties, and morphology of the electrodeposited films. Our results reveal that both the electronic nature of the heterocyclic core and the relative orientation of the carbazole units play a key role in determining the charge transport properties of the resulting polymers. These findings underscore the importance of molecular design in tailoring the electronic and optoelectronic performance of electrodeposited polymeric materials.