Global Medical Health Communication最新文献

{"title":"Obesity as Risk Factor of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women of Reproductive Age","authors":"Hanifah Ardiani, S. Hadisaputro, Djoko Trihadi Lukmono, H. Nugroho, Antono Suryoputro","doi":"10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.2708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.2708","url":null,"abstract":"Women of childbearing age with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are more at risk of having pregnancy complication (in both the mother and the baby) at twice the risk for sexual dysfunction and three times more likely to die than women of childbearing age without DM. The purpose of this study was to prove obesity as the risk factor of type 2 DM in women of childbearing age. The study design was a case-control and a qualitative analysis using the in-depth interview. This study conducted in Internal Medicine Polyclinic and Eye Polyclinic in Regional General Hospital Madiun, June–July 2017. The population in this study was women of childbearing age 20–49 years old and married who check blood sugar in Regional General Hospital Madiun. The samples of this study were 54 cases and 54 controls using consecutive sampling. Data analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression. The results showed that obese women of childbearing age had risk 2.63 times greater for type 2 DM than non-obese (p=0.016, 95% CI=1.06–6.53). In conclusion, obesity was a risk factor of type 2 DM in the women of reproductive age. OBESITAS SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR Wanita usia subur (WUS) dengan diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 lebih berisiko mengalami komplikasi kehamilan (baik pada ibu maupun bayinya), berisiko 2 kali lebih besar untuk menderita gangguan fungsi seksual, dan 3 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami kematian dibanding dengan WUS tanpa DM. Tujuan penelitian ini membuktikan obesitas sebagai faktor risiko DM tipe 2 pada WUS. Desain studi dalam penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol yang diperdalam dengan analisis kualitatif menggunakan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian ini dilakukan di poliklinik penyakit dalam dan poliklinik mata RSUD Kota Madiun Juni–Juli 2017. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah WUS berusia 20–49 tahun dan sudah menikah yang diperiksa gula darah di RSUD Kota Madiun. Sebanyak 54 kasus dan 54 kontrol dipilih menggunakan consecutive sampling . Data dianalisis dengan chi square dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa WUS yang obesitas memiliki risiko 2,63 kali lebih besar untuk mengalami DM tipe 2 dibanding dengan yang tidak obesitas (p=0,016; 95% IK=1,06−6,53). Simpulan, obesitas merupakan faktor risiko DM tipe 2 pada WUS.","PeriodicalId":31502,"journal":{"name":"Global Medical Health Communication","volume":"6 1","pages":"93-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47004597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Incidence of Filariasis in Welamosa Village Ende District East Nusa Tenggara","authors":"I. Irfan, N. Kambuno, I. Israfil","doi":"10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.3208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.3208","url":null,"abstract":"Filariasis is a chronic communicable disease caused by filarial worms, which consists of three species: Wucherria bancrofti, Brugaria malayi, and Brugaria timori. This disease is transmitted through mosquito bites, infects lymph tissue (lymph) and causes swelling of the legs, breasts, arms and genital organs. Welamosa village, Ende district, located in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) province is reported as one of the highest cases of 40 cases in 2015. This research aims to analyze the influence of social factor of demography and socio-cultural environment factor to elephantiasis incident in Welamosa village, Ende district. The study was conducted in July–September 2016 in Welamosa village and Wolowaru sub-district, Ende district. The type of research was observational analytic with case-control with 49 people as sampling. The research instrument used questionnaire and check list. The data analysis used statistical test of SPSS program with backward regression logistic test. The results showed five variables as risk factors of elephantiasis occurrence, age (OR=42.518), education (OR=38.248), occupation (OR=8.404), outdoor activity at night (OR=5.097) and sex (OR=0.193). In conclusion, social demographic factors (age, gender, occupation, and education) and environmental and social-cultural factors of attitude (outdoor activities at night) are risk factors for filariasis incidence in Welamosa village, Ende district. FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI KEJADIAN PENYAKIT FILARIASIS DI DESA WELAMOSA KABUPATEN ENDE NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR Filariasis adalah penyakit menular menahun yang disebabkan oleh parasit berupa cacing filaria yang terdiri atas tiga spesies, yaitu Wucherria bancrofti , Brugaria malayi , dan Brugaria timori . Penyakit ini menginfeksi jaringan limfe (getah bening) dan menular melalui gigitan nyamuk, serta menyebabkan pembengkakan kaki, tungkai, payudara, lengan, dan organ genital. Desa Welamosa, Kabupaten Ende terletak di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) dilaporkan sebagai salah satu kecamatan dengan kasus filariasis tertinggi, yakni 40 kasus pada tahun 2015. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis pengaruh faktor sosial demografi dan faktor lingkungan sosial budaya terhadap kejadian filariasis di Desa Welamosa, Kabupaten Ende. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli–September 2016 di Desa Welamosa dan Kecamatan Wolowaru, Kabupaten Ende. Jenis penelitian merupakan analitik observasional dan pengambilan sampel menggunakan case control sebanyak 49 orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dan ceklis. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik program SPSS dengan backward regression logistic test . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lima variabel yang merupakan faktor risiko kejadian filariasis, yaitu usia (OR=42,518), pendidikan (OR=38,248), pekerjaan (OR=8,404), aktivitas di luar rumah pada malam hari (OR=5,097), dan jenis kelamin (OR=0,193). Simpulan, faktor sosial demografi (usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, dan pendidikan) serta faktor lingkungan sosial bud","PeriodicalId":31502,"journal":{"name":"Global Medical Health Communication","volume":"6 1","pages":"130-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42011037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High ESAT-6 Expression in Granuloma Necrosis Type of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis","authors":"W. Purbaningsih, D. Setiabudi, H. Sastramihardja, I. Parwati","doi":"10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.3987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.3987","url":null,"abstract":"A granuloma is one of host cellular immune response form to intracellular and persistent pathogens, and result in the aggregation of several activated immune cells. Intracellular pathogens manipulate host immune responses to avoid immune reactions. M. tuberculosis is the intracellular and persister pathogen, which can stimulate granuloma formation. The formation this granulomas still have different opinions, whether it is the host's way to isolate M. tuberculosis , or how these pathogens are to escape immune responses. Early secretory antigenic target (ESAT)-6 is a typical secretory protein produced by the locus of the gene region of difference (RD)-1 M. tuberculosis . ESAT-6 plays a role in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis. This study aims to compare ESAT-6 antigen expression from M. tuberculosis between granulomas with necrosis and granulomas without necrosis. This study was an analytic observation study with a cross-sectional design. Forty-six lymph node paraffin blocks from tuberculous lymphadenitis patients in Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung in 2017 were made in preparations and stained by hematoxylin eosin to assess the presence of necrosis in granulomas, immunohistochemical using ESAT-6 antibodies, then it was quantified using histoscore. Histoscore for ESAT-6 not normally distributed, so it uses Mann-Whitney test used. The results showed that there were 31 granulomas with necrosis (histoscore mean=27.6%) and 15 granulomas without necrosis (histoscore mean=15.1%), there was a significant difference with p<0.05 (p=0.03). The conclusion of this study there is a high histoscore ESAT-6 expression in granuloma type of necrosis tuberculous lymphadenitis. EKPRESI ESAT-6 TINGGI PADA GRANULOMA LIMFADENITIS TUBERKULOSIS TIPE NEKROSIS Granuloma merupakan salah satu bentuk respons imun seluler pejamu terhadap patogen intraseluler. Patogen intraseluler memanipulasi respons imun pejamu untuk menghindari reaksi imun. M. tuberculosis adalah patogen intraseluler dan persister yang dapat menstimulasi pembentukan granuloma. Terbentuknya granuloma masih memberikan pendapat yang berbeda, apakah merupakan cara tubuh untuk mengisolasi M. tuberculosis atau cara patogen ini untuk menghindari respons imun. Early secretory antigenic target (ESAT)-6 adalah protein sekretori khas yang dihasilkan oleh lokus gen region of difference (RD)-1 M. tuberculosis . ESAT-6 berperan dalam imunopatogenesis tuberkulosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan ekspresi antigen ESAT-6 M. tuberculosis antara granuloma dengan nekrosis dan granuloma tanpa nekrosis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasi analitik dengan desain cross sectional . Blok parafin kelenjar getah bening didapat dari pasien yang didiagnosis limfadenitis tuberkulosis di Departemen Patologi Anatomi, RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada tahun 2017. Blok parafin tersebut dibuat blangko preparat dan diwarnai dengan hematoksilin eosin untuk menilai ne","PeriodicalId":31502,"journal":{"name":"Global Medical Health Communication","volume":"6 1","pages":"143-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48580362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of Late Adolescent Performance of Papua in Persipura U-21 Athlete Selection","authors":"L. Lubis, R. Perdana, A. Purba, Daniel Womsiwor","doi":"10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.2956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.2956","url":null,"abstract":"The enthusiasm of the people of Papua for football is in harmony with the emerging numbers of talented football athletes from Papua. It reflected in the selection of athletes football Persipura U-21 (aged 21 years and under) for the late adolescent. This study aims to determine the performance profile of late adolescents of Papua at the selection of Persipura U-21 football athletes. The result can be a material of strategic evaluation for improving the achievements of football sport in Papua. A descriptive study with the cross-sectional design conducted on total samples of 97 late adolescents (ages 16–21 years) of men from all provinces of Papua on Persipura U-21 January 2016 selection. Performance data consisted of body mass index (BMI), subcutaneous fat, cardiorespiratory fitness, anaerobic capacity, muscle endurance, flexibility, power, strength, balance, reaction time, and concentration levels. The results showed that all subjects were in healthy condition and most subjects (85%) had normal BMI. Physical characteristics of subcutaneous fat showed most of the subjects were lacking in the triceps (83%) and supraciliary (58%) fat. The basic physical ability for soccer is in good category whereas cognitive ability is in the less category. The research conclusions indicate the urgency to improve basic physical components of the athlete through a well-scaled and well-programmed exercise plan, as well as mental and cognitive development to improve athlete performance. PROFIL PERFORMA REMAJA AKHIR PAPUA PADA SELEKSI ATLET SEPAK BOLA PERSIPURA U-21 Antusiasme masyarakat Papua terhadap olahraga sepak bola selaras dengan munculnya banyak atlet sepak bola bertalenta dari Papua. Hal tersebut terlihat pada seleksi atlet sepak bola Persipura U-21 (usia 21 tahun ke bawah) kategori remaja akhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui profil performa remaja akhir Papua pada seleksi atlet sepak bola Persipura U-21 sehingga dapat menjadi bahan evaluasi yang strategis dalam meningkatkan prestasi cabang olahraga sepak bola di Papua. Penelitian deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang dilakukan terhadap seluruh sampel berjumlah 97 remaja akhir (usia 16–21 tahun) laki-laki dari seluruh provinsi Papua pada seleksi Persipura U-21 Januari 2016. Data performa terdiri atas indeks massa tubuh (IMT), lemak bawah kulit, ketahanan jantung paru, kapasitas anaerobik, daya tahan otot, kelentukan, daya ledak, kekuatan, keseimbangan, kecepatan reaksi, serta tingkat konsentrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh subjek berada dalam kondisi sehat dan sebagian besar subjek (85%) memiliki IMT yang normal. Karakteristik fisik lemak bawah kulit menunjukkan sebagian besar subjek adalah kurang pada bagian trisep (83%) dan suprailiaka (58%). Kemampuan fisik dasar untuk sepak bola berada pada kategori baik, sedangkan kemampuan kognitif dalam kategori kurang. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan perlu perbaikan komponen fisik dasar atlet melalui perencanaan latihan yang terukur dan terprogr","PeriodicalId":31502,"journal":{"name":"Global Medical Health Communication","volume":"6 1","pages":"113-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48887381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Physical Exercise on Spatial Learning and Serotonin Levels in the Brain of Adult Rats","authors":"A. R. Furqaani, S. Redjeki, D. R. Gunarti","doi":"10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.2564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.2564","url":null,"abstract":"Physical exercise can enhance tryptophan transport into the brain so that it will also increase serotonin levels in the brain. Therefore, it may influence many brain functions, such as learning and memory. This study aimed to determine the effect of physical exercise on spatial learning and serotonin levels in the brain of adult male Wistar rats. Biochemistry Laboratory of Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia was the study place which conducted in January–April 2013. Sixteen adult male rats randomly divided into two groups, the control group, and the treatment group. Physical exercise for the treatment group for four weeks using the animal treadmill at 15 m/min in speed for 15 minutes in the 1st week and 25 minutes for the next three weeks. Learning and memory test using water-E maze apparatus once a week. At the end of the exercised period, animals were sacrificed, and the brains were isolated. The measurement of serotonin and tryptophan levels was done using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that physical exercise improved animals performance in learning and memory test, exercised group made fewer errors at third and fourth week (p<0.05). Serotonin levels in the brain of exercised group was significantly higher than that in control group (p<0.05). These results indicated that the enhancement of serotonin levels in the brain induced by physical exercise is involved in improving spatial learning and memory. PENGARUH LATIHAN FISIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BELAJAR SPASIAL DAN KADAR SEROTONIN PADA OTAK TIKUS DEWASA Latihan fisik diketahui dapat meningkatkan transpor triptofan melewati sawar otak sehingga dapat meningkatkan kadar serotonin di otak. Oleh karena itu, latihan fisik berperan memengaruhi berbagai fungsi otak termasuk proses belajar dan memori. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh latihan fisik aerobik dengan intensitas yang ringan terhadap kemampuan belajar spasial serta kadar serotonin pada otak tikus Wistar dewasa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Biokimia, Departemen Biokimia & Biologi Molekuler, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta periode Januari–April 2013. Enam belas ekor tikus jantan dewasa dibagi secara acak menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Latihan fisik diberikan kepada kelompok perlakuan selama 4 minggu menggunakan animal treadmill dengan kecepatan 15 m/menit selama 15 menit pada minggu pertama dan 25 menit pada 3 minggu berikutnya. Uji belajar dan memori dengan perangkat water-E maze dilakukan satu kali/minggu. Setelah masa latihan fisik selesai, hewan coba dikorbankan dan jaringan otak diisolasi. Pengukuran kadar serotonin dan triptofan pada otak dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh kelompok perlakuan lebih sedikit secara signifikan pada uji belajar dan memori ke-3 dan ke-4 (p<0,05). K","PeriodicalId":31502,"journal":{"name":"Global Medical Health Communication","volume":"6 1","pages":"98-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49272118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Upregulation of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1a ( CPT1a ) Expression under Prolonged Fasting in CD36 Knockout Mice","authors":"M. Putri, M. Syamsunarno, T. Iso, M. Kurabayashi","doi":"10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.3286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.3286","url":null,"abstract":"Food deprivation is one of the extreme conditions that mammals have to survive. The majority of the tissues, excluding the brain and red blood cells, depend on the fatty acids (FA) utilization to produce energy. We recently showed in mice lacking for CD36 (CD36 −/− ), the uptake of FA is limited with dramatically increased of glucose uptake in heart and skeletal muscle in fasted condition, indicating a compensatory mechanism of organ to fulfill an energy demand. The liver is the central tissue maintaining metabolic homeostasis in fasted state. Synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the mitochondria via beta-oxidation was mediated by carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a ( CPT1a ). The objective of this research was to explore the role of CD36 in CPT1a expression in the fasted state. This research was conducted at Gunma University Japan in 2015. The method was in vivo-experimental, that we used CD36 −/− and wild-type (WT) mice, as a control. The gene expression of CPT1a was measured by real-time PCR. Fasting condition up regulated mRNA expression of CPT1a in both WT and CD36 −/− mice in 24 h and 48 h. However in CD36 −/− mice, the mRNA expression of CPT1a in 24 h fasted state was lower very significantly than WT mice (p<0.01). We demonstrate that CD36 deficiency up regulate CPT1a gene expression, suggested that CD36 is essential for nutrient homeostasis when requirement for FA is increased and obtainability of nutrient is inadequate. PENINGAKTAN EKSPRESI GEN  CARNITINE PALMITOYLTRANSFERASE 1A ( CPT1A ) PADA  CD36 KNOCKOUT MICE DALAM KEADAAN PUASA Kekurangan makanan adalah salah satu kondisi ekstrem yang harus dihindari oleh mamalia. Sebagian besar jaringan, kecuali otak dan sel darah merah sangat bergantung pada pemanfaatan langsung asam lemak untuk menghasilkan energi. Penelitian kami sebelumnya menunjukkan pada mencit dengan defisiensi CD36 (CD36 −/− ), serapan asam lemak terbatas karena peningkatan pengambilan glukosa hati dan otot rangka secara signifikan dalam kondisi puasa yang mengindikasikan mekanisme kompensasi organ untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi. Hati adalah jaringan sentral yang menjaga homeostasis metabolik tubuh dalam keadaan berpuasa. Sintesis adenosine triphosphate (ATP) di mitokondria melalui beta-oksidasi dimediasi oleh carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a ( CPT1a ). Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui peran CD36 dalam ekspresi CPT1a dalam keadaan puasa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Universitas Gunma Jepang pada tahun 2015. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental in vivo dengan menggunakan mencit CD36 −/− dan wild type (WT) sebagai kontrol. Ekspresi gen CPT1a diukur dengan real-time PCR. Puasa meningkatkan ekspresi mRNA CPT1a pada mencit WT dan CD36 −/− baik setelah puasa selama 24 jam dan 48 jam. Namun, pada mencit CD36 −/− , ekspresi mRNA CPT1a dalam keadaan setelah dipuasakan 24 jam lebih rendah daripada mencit WT (p<0,01). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa defisiensi CD36 mengatur ekspresi gen CPT1a sehingga CD36 sangat diperluka","PeriodicalId":31502,"journal":{"name":"Global Medical Health Communication","volume":"6 1","pages":"84-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45968929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences of Vital Lung Capacity and FEV 1 /FVC Ratio on Children in Urban and Rural","authors":"R. A. Tanzila, M. Bustan","doi":"10.29313/gmhc.v6i2.3191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29313/gmhc.v6i2.3191","url":null,"abstract":"Urban areas are places with high levels of air pollutant. This air pollution causes decreased lung function and obstruction in the respiratory tract. The absorption of dust particles and pollution is inhaled into the lungs through the respiratory mechanism. The entry of toxic material will react with the cells causing free radicals that will damage cells, especially in the respiratory system. This study was aimed to knowing the differences vital lung capacity and forced expiration volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV 1 /FVC) ratio in children in urban areas with high level pollution and in rural areas not exposed to pollution. This study was an observational analytic study, implemented in September–December 2016 with a total sample of 70 children consisting of 35 children in Palembang city and 35 children in Musi Rawas area. Data analysis to determine the differences of lung vital capacity and FEV 1 /FVC ratio in children in rural and urban with independent t test. The result showed that the average value of urban vital lung capacity in urban (1,205 mL) was lower than the mean value of vital lung capacity of children in rural (1,493 mL) and there was significant difference in the value of vital lung capacity in rural children and urban (p=0.004). The ratio of FEV 1 /FVC for children in urban areas (91.05%) was lower than the ratio of FEV 1 /FVC for children in rural (93.96%) as well as a significant difference in the ratio of FEV 1 /FVC in rural and urban children (p=0.001). In conclusion, the mean value of lung vital capacity and the ratio of FEV 1 /FVC of children in urban areas is lower than mean value of vital lung capacity of children in rural areas. PERBEDAAN KAPASITAS VITAL PARU DAN RASIO FEV 1 /FVC PADA ANAK DI PERKOTAAN DAN PEDESAAN Perkotaan merupakan tempat dengan tingkat paparan polusi udara yang tinggi. Polusi udara ini menyebabkan penurunan fungsi paru-paru dan obstruksi pada saluran pernapasan. Absorpsi partikel debu dan polusi terhirup masuk paru-paru melalui mekanisme pernapasan. Masuknya bahan toksik ini akan bereaksi dengan sel sehingga menimbulkan radikal bebas yang akan merusak sel terutama pada sistem pernapasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan kapasitas vital paru dan rasio forced expiration volume in 1 second / forced vital capacity (FEV 1 /FVC) pada anak di perkotaan dengan tingkat polusi yang cukup tinggi dibanding dengan pedesaan yang tidak terpapar polusi. Penelitian merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dilaksanakan pada bulan September–Desember 2016 dengan jumlah sampel 60 orang terdiri atas 30 orang anak di Kota Palembang dan 30 anak di daerah Musi Rawas. Analisis data untuk mengetahui perbedaan kapasitas vital paru dan rasio FEV 1 /FVC pada anak di pedesaan dan perkotaan menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai rerata kapasitas vital paru anak di perkotaan (1.205 mL) lebih rendah daripada nilai rerata kapasitas vital paru anak di pedesaan (1.493 mL) dan","PeriodicalId":31502,"journal":{"name":"Global Medical Health Communication","volume":"6 1","pages":"118-121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47740946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Fermented Rice Monascus purpureus JmbA3'K to Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Elderly Woman","authors":"Stephanus Kristianto Witono, N. Fatimah, N. Nurhidayat, R. M. Sujatno","doi":"10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.2195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.2195","url":null,"abstract":"Incidence of hypertension is increasing rapidly, in 2000 more than 25% of the world's population of hypertension estimated in 2025 increased to 29%. The incidence of hypertension, especially in women will increase at the age of post menopause so it needs to be prevented in elderly women, especially with giving functional food that has effect to lowering blood pressure. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a compound that has the properties of lowering blood pressure through the regulation of smooth muscle tone of blood vessels contained in seeds fermented by Monascus purpureus sp. This research was a case control study which conducted in June 2013 to 19 women within age range 60–80 years who life in Santana Nursing Home, Cirebon to find out the influence of giving fermented rice M. purpureus JmbA3’K to systolic/diastolic blood pressure and heart rate of elderly women. Subjects were given 3 g of fermented rice M. purpureus JmbA3’K . Blood pressure and heart rate was monitored daily. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was done to see whether the effect of giving fermented rice from the local M. purpureus JmbA3'K to the systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the elderly and the mean difference test using paired t test was done to see if the effect of fermented rice from M. purpureus JmbA3'K local to the heart rate of the elderly women. At the end of research, blood pressure and heart rate were compared before and after the treatment. At the end of the study there were no significant treatment side effects. There were improvements in aging syndrome such as: anxiety to depression, insomnia, overactive bladder (especially at night), neuralgia, and myalgia. In treatment group was found decrease in sistolic (176 to 152 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (90 to 83 mmHg) (p 0.05). The conclusion of this research is giving 3 grams of fermented rice M. purpureus JmbA3’K every evening meal for fourteen days decrease the sistolic and diastolic blood pressure of the elderly without any changing in heart rate. EFEK PEMBERIAN BERAS FERMENTASI  MONASCUS PURPUREUS JMBA3’K TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH DAN FREKUENSI NADI USILA WANITA Peningkatan angka kejadian hipertensi sangat pesat, pada tahun 2000 lebih dari 25% populasi dunia penderita hipertensi yang diperkirakan pada tahun 2025 meningkat menjadi 29%. Angka kejadian hipertensi khususnya pada wanita akan meningkat pada usia posmenopause (usila) sehingga perlu diupayakan pencegahan hipertensi pada wanita usila, khususnya pemberian makanan yang mempunyai efek menurunkan tekanan darah. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mempunyai sifat menurunkan tekanan darah melalui pengaturan tonasi otot polos pembuluh darah terkandung pada biji-bijian yang ditumbuhi kapang Monascus purpureus sp. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian case control yang dilakukan Juni 2013 terhadap 19 orang subjek wanita usila rentang usia 60–80 tahun penghuni Panti Wreda Santana, Cirebon untuk mengetahui efek pemberian beras fermentasi M. purpureus JmbA3’K terhadap","PeriodicalId":31502,"journal":{"name":"Global Medical Health Communication","volume":"6 1","pages":"88-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41723373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Toxicity Test of Unripe Papaya ( Carica papaya L.) Aqueous Extract (UPAE) on The Blood Urea and Creatinine Concentration","authors":"Y. Kharisma, Y. Andriane, T. Respati","doi":"10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.3794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29313/GMHC.V6I2.3794","url":null,"abstract":"Unripe papaya aqueous extract (UPAE) widely used as lactation stimulator, antidiabetes, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory. The utilization of papaya is not known for its safety yet, so it is necessary to research its toxicity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of UPAE on renal function through measurement of blood urea and creatinine levels. This study was conducted in July 2017 in Laboratory of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Islam Bandung. This study used pure in vivo experimental design on 11 Swiss Webster mice using the dose of acute toxicity determination based on new recommended methods of 0; 50; 200; 400; 800; 1,000; 1,500; 2,000; 3,000; 4,000; and 5,000 mg/kgBW. After 24 hours, 1 mL blood drawn through the tail examined for blood urea and creatinine levels. The measurement of urea content using kinetic method point and creatinine level using modified Jaffe method. Provision of UPAE at doses of 0, 50, 200, 400, 800, and 1,000 mg/kgBW resulted on blood urea equal to 39, 35, 48, 49, 48, and 32 mg/dL respectively. Blood urea level 23, 22, 28, 34, and 35 mg/dL was obtained at 1,500 UPAE doses; 2,000; 3,000; 4,000; and 5,000 mg/kgBW dosages respectively. After 24 hours of UPAE administration, the creatinine level in various doses using new recommended method of (0–5,000 mg/kgBW) were 0.75, 0.54, 0.53, 0.50, 0.60, 0.54, 0.52, 0.55, 0.42, 0.51, and 0.40 mg/dL. In conclusion, UPAE do not cause acute toxicity on renal function through measurement of blood urea and creatinine levels. TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK AIR BUAH PEPAYA ( CARICA PAPAYA L.) TERHADAP KADAR UREUM DAN KREATININ DARAH Ekstrak air buah pepaya muda (EABPM) digunakan secara empiris sebagai laktagogum, antidiabetes, antibakteri, dan antiinflamasi. Tingkat keamanannya belum banyak diketahui sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian uji toksisitas akut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui toksisitas akut EABPM terhadap fungsi ginjal melalui pengukuran kadar ureum dan kreatinin plasma. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2018 di Laboratorium Biologi Medis, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Islam Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental murni in vivo terhadap 11 ekor mencit betina galur Swiss Webster dengan penentuan dosis sesuai dengan new recommended method : 0, 50, 200, 400, 800, 1.000, 1.500, 2.000, 3.000, 4.000, dan 5.000 mg/kgBB. Setelah 24 jam, diambil darah melalui ekor mencit sebanyak 1 mL untuk diperiksa kadar ureum dan kreatinin plasma. Pengukuran kadar ureum menggunakan point kinetic method dan kadar kreatinin menggunakan metode Jaffe yang dimodifikasi. Pemberian EABPM pada dosis 0, 50, 200, 400, 800, dan 1.000 mg/kgBB didapatkan kadar ureum plasma 39, 35, 48, 49, 48, dan 32 mg/dL secara berurutan. Kadar ureum plasma 23, 22, 28, 34, dan 35 mg/dL didapatkan pada pemberian dosis EABPM sebanyak 1.500, 2.000, 3.000, 4.000, dan 5.000 mg/kgBB. Kadar kreatinin plasma dalam berbagai dosis (0–5.000 mg/kgBB) adalah 0,75","PeriodicalId":31502,"journal":{"name":"Global Medical Health Communication","volume":"6 1","pages":"138-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47086079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaruh Penggunaan Gadget terhadap Penurunan Kualitas Penglihatan Siswa Sekolah Dasar","authors":"Andriana Kirana Puspa, Rozalina Loebis, Djohar Nuswantoro","doi":"10.29313/GMHC.V6I1.2471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29313/GMHC.V6I1.2471","url":null,"abstract":"Layar gadget yang menggunakan tulisan kecil akan memunculkan gejala computer vision syndrome . Lebih dari 90% pengguna komputer dalam waktu lama mengalami mata lelah, penglihatan buram, penglihatan ganda, pusing, dan mata kering. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kualitas penglihatan siswa-siswi Sekolah Dasar yang menggunakan gadget dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Penelitian analitik observasional cross-sectional dengan 43 subjek di SD Muhammadiyah 4 Surabaya pada Maret–November 2015 dengan mengambil data primer, yaitu kuesioner serta pemeriksaan mata Snellen chart dan tear break-up time test . Hasil kuesioner diolah untuk mengetahui tingkat paparan. Hasil pemeriksaan mata dan tingkat paparan dihitung dengan rasio prevalensi dan uji hipotesis chi-kuadrat dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil kuesioner didapatkan kategori paparan ringan 56%, sedang 23%, dan berat 21%. Pemeriksaan Snellen chart diperoleh hasil tajam penglihatan menurun pada 47% dan normal pada 54%. Hasil tear break-up time test diperoleh mata kering sebanyak 88% dan tidak mengalami sebanyak 12%. Simpulan, seluruh tingkat kategori paparan mempunyai risiko kecil untuk mengalami penurunan atau gangguan tajam penglihatan, tetapi mempunyai risiko yang sama besar untuk mengalami mata kering. THE USING OF GADGET AND ITS EFFECT OF DECREASING THE QUALITY OF ELEMENTARY SCHOLLS STUDENTS The small fonts in a gadget’s screen evokes the symptoms of computer vision syndrome. More than 90% computer users may experience eyestrain, blurred vision, diplopia, dizziness and dry eyes after prolonged use. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the vision quality in elementary students that has been using gadgets for long period. An observational analytic cross-sectional study in 43 subjects of SD Muhammadiyah 4 Surabaya on March until November 2015 by taking primary data, specifically questionnaire and eye examination Snellen chart and tear break-up time test. The questionnaire’s result will be calculated to acknowledge the level of exposure. The result of the eye examination and level of exposure will be calculated with prevalence ratio and chi-square hypothesis test by 95% confidence interval. The result from the questionnaire was 56% of subjects were light exposure category, 23%  were moderate and 21% were severe. The examination with Snellen chart results in the decreasing of visual acuity in 47% subjects and normal in 54% subjects. The results of tear break-up time test was the incidence of dry eyes was 88% and no experience of dry eyes was 12%. In conclusion, all categories of exposure have a small risk of decreased or disorder of visual acuity, but have the similar high-level of risk in experiencing dry eyes.","PeriodicalId":31502,"journal":{"name":"Global Medical Health Communication","volume":"6 1","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41326113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}