The American journal of clinical nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Response of splanchnic and whole-body leucine kinetics to treatment of children with edematous protein-energy malnutrition accompanied by infection.","authors":"M. Reid, A. Badaloo, T. Forrester, W. Heird, F. Jahoor","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/76.3.633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/76.3.633","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Although the reduction in whole-body protein turnover and net protein loss induced by protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) has been well documented, it is unclear whether the protein-sparing mechanisms elicited by chronically inadequate intakes of dietary protein and energy are affected by the protein catabolic response to infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000The objective of this study was to determine whether the presence of infection alters the PEM-induced reduction in whole-body protein metabolism.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000We determined whole-body leucine kinetics in 4 boys and 3 girls aged 6-15 mo with edematous PEM and infection approximately 3 d after admission (study 1), when they were both infected and malnourished; approximately 11 d after admission (study 2), when infection had resolved but they were still anthropometrically malnourished; and at recovery (study 3), when weight-for-length was at least 90% of that expected.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The children had significantly less leucine flux in both study 1 and study 2 than they had in study 3. There were no significant differences in the amount of leucine released from protein breakdown or used for protein synthesis between study 1 and study 2. There were no significant differences in leucine balance or in either the amount or percentage of enteral leucine extracted by the splanchnic tissues among the 3 studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000When subjects are in the fed state, severe PEM induces a marked reduction in whole-body protein synthesis and breakdown rates, and the presence of infection does not alter this adaptation and hence the overall protein balance. A corollary is that children with severe PEM do not mount a protein catabolic response to infection.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126745994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth of healthy infants and the timing, type, and frequency of complementary foods.","authors":"M. Onis, R. Yip, E. Frongillo, H. Hertzen, C. Garza, C. Victora, T. Cole, N. Cameron, M. Shekar, S. Bhatnagar, H. Burger, Hl L. Delgado, O. Dada, B. Gross, Y. Hofvander, P. Lavín, Gh Tang, T. Guang-Hua, P. V. Look, O. Ayeni, A. Glasier, A. Piñol, A. Chevrot, M. Vucurević, Vs S. Nagi, Whow Grp, W. Force","doi":"10.1093/ajcn/76.3.620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/76.3.620","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Growth patterns of exclusively and predominantly breast-fed infants differ from those of non-breast-fed infants, but less is known about associations among growth patterns and different durations of exclusive breast-feeding and the types and frequency of complementary foods.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000We examined these associations, particularly between 4 and 6 mo of age, using data from a unique longitudinal 7-country study.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Data from the World Health Organization Multinational Study of Breast-feeding and Lactational Amenorrhea on infants living in generally favorable environments were used. Multilevel analyses described growth and the relation between growth and variables related to feeding.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Small differences in growth that were statistically significant but probably not biologically important were noted among infants in whom complementary foods were introduced at different times. Weight gain was more sensitive to feeding frequencies than were gains in length, but the cumulative 10-wk differences were small. The most extreme differences were equivalent to approximately 10 centiles of the weight and height distributions at 6 mo of age.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000These results do not provide compelling evidence of benefit or risk related to growth and the timing of introduction of complementary foods at any specific time between 4 and 6 mo of age. Thus, postnatal growth appears to not be sensitive to the differential timing of introduction of complementary foods nor to differential types and frequencies of complementary foods in healthy infants living in environments without major economic constraints and low rates of illness. These results, however, may not indicate growth differences in populations living in poor environments.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120774259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary and circulating antioxidant vitamins in relation to carotid plaques in middle-aged women.","authors":"A. Iannuzzi, E. Celentano, S. Panico, R. Galasso, G. Covetti, L. Sacchetti, F. Zarrilli, M. de Michele, P. Rubba","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/76.3.582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/76.3.582","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The results of the few studies conducted on the relation between antioxidant vitamins and carotid atherosclerosis have been inconclusive.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000We evaluated the association between preclinical carotid atherosclerosis, as determined by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound, and both the intake amounts and plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Among 5062 participants in Progetto Atena, a population-based study on the etiology of cardiovascular disease and cancer in women, 310 women were examined by B-mode ultrasound to detect early signs of carotid atherosclerosis. The participants answered a food-frequency questionnaire, and their plasma concentrations of vitamin E, vitamin A, and carotenoids were measured. None of the women took vitamin supplements.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The occurrence of atherosclerotic plaques at the carotid bifurcation was inversely associated with tertiles of vitamin E intake; the test for a linear trend across tertiles was significant (P < 0.05). Similarly, the ratio of plasma vitamin E to plasma cholesterol was inversely related to the presence of plaques at the carotid bifurcation; the test for a linear trend across tertiles was significant (P < 0.02). No association was found between the intake of other antioxidant vitamins (vitamins A and C and carotenoids) or their plasma concentrations and the presence of carotid plaques.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000An inverse association was found between both the intake amount and plasma concentration of vitamin E and preclinical carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged women. This association was independent of other cardiovascular risk factors, was not related to vitamin supplements, and supports the hypothesis that low vitamin E intake is a risk factor for early atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125056987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioconversion of vaccenic acid to conjugated linoleic acid in humans.","authors":"A. Turpeinen, M. Mutanen, A. Aro, I. Salminen, S. Basu, D. Palmquist, J. M. Griinari","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/76.3.504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/76.3.504","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Vaccenic acid (11-trans octadecenoic acid; VA), a major trans fatty acid in the fat of ruminants, is produced in the rumen and converted in tissues to rumenic acid (9-cis, 11-trans octadecenoic acid; RA), an isomer of conjugated linoleic acid, by Delta(9)-desaturase. There are indications that this conversion also occurs in humans.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000The aim of this controlled intervention was to study the conversion of VA to RA in humans after consumption of diets with increasing amounts of VA.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Thirty healthy subjects consumed a baseline diet rich in oleic acid for 2 wk. The subjects were then divided into 3 groups (n = 10 per group) and provided a diet containing 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5 g VA/d for 9 d. All diets contained equal amounts of macronutrients and differed only in their fatty acid compositions. The fats were mixed into conventional foods, and nearly all food was provided during the study.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The proportion of VA in serum total fatty acids increased 94%, 307%, and 620% above baseline with the 1.5-, 3.0-, and 4.5-g diets, respectively. This was associated with a linear increase in the proportion of RA. The conversion rate was 19% on average, with significant interindividual differences with all 3 intakes of VA. The urinary excretion of 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) increased in all groups (P < 0.001).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000The results quantify the desaturation of VA to RA in humans. Conversion is likely to contribute significantly to the amount of RA available to the body, and dietary intakes of VA should thus be taken into account when predicting RA status.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128303110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and copper intake do not affect copper absorption, measured with the use of 65Cu as a tracer, in young infants.","authors":"M. Olivares, B. Lönnerdal, S. Abrams, F. Pizarro, R. Uauy","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/76.3.641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/76.3.641","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Copper homeostasis involves a high degree of regulation in which changes in absorption and biliary excretion are the main mechanisms. Whether neonates and small infants can make these changes efficiently is unknown.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000We evaluated the effect of age and copper intake on copper absorption in infants during the first 3 mo of life.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Thirty-nine healthy infants (19 infants aged 1 mo and 20 infants aged 3 mo) were selected. One-half of the subjects were randomly assigned to receive oral supplementation of 80 mg Cu (as copper sulfate). kg body wt(-1). d(-1) for 15 d. At the end of the trial, copper absorption was measured by using orally administered (65)Cu as a tracer and fecal monitoring of recovered (65)Cu.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Mean (+/- SD) copper absorption at 1 mo of age was 83.6 +/- 5.8% and 74.8 +/- 9.1% for the unsupplemented and supplemented infants, respectively. The corresponding figures at 3 mo of age were 77.6 +/- 15.2% and 77.7 +/- 11.3%. A two-way analysis of variance showed that age, copper supplementation, and the interaction between age and copper supplementation did not have a significant effect on copper absorption. There was an inverse correlation between total fecal copper and the percentage of (65)Cu absorption (r = -0.50, P < 0.003).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Copper absorption in young infants is high but does not respond to copper intake within the range tested.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"119004289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in men.","authors":"T. Fung, F. Hu, Mark A Pereira, Simin Liu, M. Stampfer, G. Colditz, W. Willett","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/76.3.535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/76.3.535","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Certain dietary components may play a role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000We examined prospectively the associations between whole- and refined-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in a large cohort of men.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study without a history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease in 1986 (n = 42898) were followed for </=12 y. Intakes of whole and refined grains, measured every 4 y by use of food-frequency questionnaires, were used to predict subsequent type 2 diabetes risk through multivariate analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000We ascertained 1197 cases of incident type 2 diabetes. After adjustment for age; physical activity; cigarette smoking; alcohol consumption; family history of diabetes; and fruit, vegetable, and energy intakes, the relative risk of type 2 diabetes was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.70; P for trend < 0.0001) comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of whole-grain intake. The association was moderately attenuated when additionally adjusted for body mass index (relative risk: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.85; P for trend = 0.0006). Intake of refined grains was not significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. After further adjustment for magnesium intake, cereal fiber intake, and glycemic load, the association between whole grains and type 2 diabetes was attenuated and the trend no longer significant.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000In men, a diet high in whole grains is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in men that may be mediated by cereal fiber. Efforts should be made to replace refined-grain with whole-grain foods.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125611337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpha-linolenic acid and cardiovascular disease.","authors":"F. Visioli, C. Galli","doi":"10.1093/ajcn/75.6.1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/75.6.1121","url":null,"abstract":"Oomen et al (1) reported on the lack of association between -linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n 3) consumption and the incidence of coronary artery disease in a 10-y follow-up. We believe that 2 major limitations of this study might have affected its outcome and led to the wrong conclusions. First, this study did not control for plasma concentrations of -linolenic acid; it is thus difficult to establish a causal relation between actual plasma concentrations of -linolenic acid—and of its elongation products eicosapentaenoic acid (22:5n 3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n 3)—and the incidence of coronary artery disease. In contrast, the only clinical study of -linolenic acid carried out thus far, the Lyon Diet Heart Study (2, 3), proved that supplementation with adequate and controlled amounts of ALA increases plasma concentrations of this fatty acid, which was the only fatty acid significantly associated with an improved prognosis (3). Second, the amounts of ALA consumed by the subjects in the Zutphen Elderly Study were estimated only on the basis of food tables and dietary recollection data. Although foodcomposition tables may provide acceptable estimates of the intakes of major fatty acids, it is questionable whether such tables provide acceptable estimates of the intakes of minor fatty acids such as ALA that are present in amounts rarely exceeding 1 g/kg. Conversely, in the Lyon Diet Heart Study, patients were provided with known amounts of margarine enriched in ALA so that the daily intake of this fatty acid in the experimental and control groups was reliably determined to be 2 and 0.69 g, respectively. These differential intakes resulted in a 2-fold increase in the plasma concentrations of ALA in the experimental group (2). In conclusion, despite growing evidence that suggests health effects of ALA (4), we believe that because of the absence of reliable quantitative data, no definitive conclusions should be drawn regarding the health effects of ALA in terms of either plasma concentrations or daily intake.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120767243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"gamma-tocopherol, the major form of vitamin E in the US diet, deserves more attention.","authors":"Q. Jiang, Stephan Christen, M. Shigenaga, B. Ames","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/74.6.714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/74.6.714","url":null,"abstract":"gamma-tocopherol is the major form of vitamin E in many plant seeds and in the US diet, but has drawn little attention compared with alpha-tocopherol, the predominant form of vitamin E in tissues and the primary form in supplements. However, recent studies indicate that gamma-tocopherol may be important to human health and that it possesses unique features that distinguish it from alpha-tocopherol. gamma-Tocopherol appears to be a more effective trap for lipophilic electrophiles than is alpha-tocopherol. gamma-Tocopherol is well absorbed and accumulates to a significant degree in some human tissues; it is metabolized, however, largely to 2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(beta-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman (gamma-CEHC), which is mainly excreted in the urine. gamma-CEHC, but not the corresponding metabolite derived from alpha-tocopherol, has natriuretic activity that may be of physiologic importance. Both gamma-tocopherol and gamma-CEHC, but not alpha-tocopherol, inhibit cyclooxygenase activity and, thus, possess antiinflammatory properties. Some human and animal studies indicate that plasma concentrations of gamma-tocopherol are inversely associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease and prostate cancer. These distinguishing features of gamma-tocopherol and its metabolite suggest that gamma-tocopherol may contribute significantly to human health in ways not recognized previously. This possibility should be further evaluated, especially considering that high doses of alpha-tocopherol deplete plasma and tissue gamma-tocopherol, in contrast with supplementation with gamma-tocopherol, which increases both. We review current information on the bioavailability, metabolism, chemistry, and nonantioxidant activities of gamma-tocopherol and epidemiologic data concerning the relation between gamma-tocopherol and cardiovascular disease and cancer.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120374347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of immunity in the elderly by dietary supplementation with the probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis HN019.","authors":"H. Gill, K. Rutherfurd, M. L. Cross, P. Gopal","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/74.6.833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/74.6.833","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The aging process can lead to a decline in cellular immunity. Therefore, the elderly could benefit from safe and effective interventions that restore cellular immune functions.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000We determined whether dietary supplementation with the known immunostimulating probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 could enhance aspects of cellular immunity in elderly subjects.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Thirty healthy elderly volunteers (age range: 63-84 y; median: 69 y) participated in a 3-stage dietary supplementation trial lasting 9 wk. During stage 1 (run-in), subjects consumed low-fat milk (200 mL twice daily for 3 wk) as a base-diet control. During stage 2 (intervention), they consumed milk supplemented with B. lactis HN019 in a typical dose (5 x 10(10) organisms/d) or a low dose (5 x 10(9) organisms/d) for 3 wk. During stage 3 (washout), they consumed low-fat milk for 3 wk. Changes in the relative proportions of leukocyte subsets and ex vivo leukocyte phagocytic and tumor-cell-killing activity were determined longitudinally by assaying peripheral blood samples.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Increases in the proportions of total, helper (CD4(+)), and activated (CD25(+)) T lymphocytes and natural killer cells were measured in the subjects' blood after consumption of B. lactis HN019. The ex vivo phagocytic capacity of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear phagocytes and the tumoricidal activity of natural killer cells were also elevated after B. lactis HN019 consumption. The greatest changes in immunity were found in subjects who had poor pretreatment immune responses. In general, the 2 doses of B. lactis HN019 had similar effectiveness.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000B. lactis HN019 could be an effective probiotic dietary supplement for enhancing some aspects of cellular immunity in the elderly.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118786148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to J Hathcock and I Munro","authors":"R. Vieth","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/74.6.866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/74.6.866","url":null,"abstract":"intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1997. 3. Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology, National Research Council. Science and judgment in risk assessment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1994. 4. Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and carotenoids. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000. 5. National Research Council. Recommended dietary allowances. 10th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1989.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"266 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117388988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}