The American journal of clinical nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Serum transferrin receptor concentration indicates increased erythropoiesis in Kenyan children with asymptomatic malaria.","authors":"H. Verhoef, C. West, P. Ndeto, J. Burema, Y. Beguin, F. Kok","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/74.6.767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/74.6.767","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Serum transferrin receptor concentrations indicate both erythropoietic activity and the deficit of functional iron in the erythron. In contrast with serum ferritin concentrations, serum transferrin receptor concentrations are not or are only marginally influenced by the inflammatory response to infection.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000We assessed iron status and examined the relation between serum transferrin receptor concentrations and malaria in children aged 2-36 mo who were asymptomatic for malaria.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000This was a community-based cluster survey (n = 318).\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Prevalences of malaria, anemia (hemoglobin concentration <110 g/L), iron deficiency (serum ferritin concentration <12 microg/L), and iron deficiency anemia were 18%, 69%, 53%, and 46%, respectively. Malaria was associated with lower mean hemoglobin concentrations (92.7 compared with 104.1 g/L; P = 0.0001) and higher geometric mean serum concentrations of transferrin receptor (11.4 compared with 7.8 mg/L; P = 0.005), ferritin (21.6 compared with 11.9 microg/L; P = 0.05), and C-reactive protein (12.5 compared with 6.8 mg/L; P = 0.004). There was no evidence for an association between serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and transferrin receptor. Children with malaria had higher serum transferrin receptor concentrations than expected for the degree of anemia, even after adjustment for inflammation indicated by serum C-reactive protein concentration quartiles (P = 0.02).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Our findings are consistent with the notion that malaria-induced hemolysis is accompanied by increased erythropoiesis. Serum transferrin receptor concentration is not useful for detecting iron deficiency in individuals with malaria. Individuals with high concentrations of serum C-reactive protein or similar acute phase reactants should be excluded from analysis if serum ferritin concentrations <12 microg/L are to be used to measure iron deficiency in malaria-endemic areas.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120673237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverse association between trans isomeric and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in cord blood lipids of full-term infants.","authors":"T. Decsi, I. Burus, S. Molnár, H. Minda, Volker Veitl","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/74.3.364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/74.3.364","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Previous studies showed significant inverse correlations between values of trans isomeric and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma lipids of preterm infants and healthy children aged 1-15 y.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000We sought to evaluate the same correlations in full-term infants at birth.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000We studied healthy full-term infants (n = 42) born after normal pregnancies and deliveries. All infants had a family history of atopy (both parents or one of the parents and a sibling had atopic symptoms). The fatty acid composition of venous cord blood lipids was determined by high-resolution capillary gas-liquid chromatography.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The mean (+/-SEM) sum of trans fatty acids was 0.49 +/- 0.02% by wt in phospholipids, 2.47 +/- 0.20% by wt in cholesterol esters, 1.73 +/- 0.09% by wt in triacylglycerols, and 1.59 +/- 0.07% by wt in nonesterified fatty acids. Linear correlation analysis showed significant inverse correlations between the sum of trans fatty acids and both arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in phospholipids (r = -0.56, P < 0.001, and r = -0.48, P = 0.01, respectively), cholesterol esters (r = -0.52, P < 0.001, and r = -0.39, P = 0.018, respectively), and nonesterified fatty acids (r = -0.41, P = 0.007, and r = -0.41, P = 0.006, respectively).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Because trans fatty acids in the fetal circulation must originate from the maternal diet, our results indicate that maternal exposure to trans fatty acids may represent a previously neglected variable that inversely influences long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid status in full-term infants at birth.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118139692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstention from filtered coffee reduces the concentrations of plasma homocysteine and serum cholesterol--a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Benedicte Christensen, A. Mosdøl, Lars Retterstøl, Sverre Landaas, Dag S. Thelle","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/74.3.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/74.3.302","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Elevated concentrations of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and serum total cholesterol are risk factors for ischemic heart disease (IHD). Previous studies showed that the consumption of very high doses of unfiltered coffee increases tHcy and total cholesterol.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000A prospective intervention study was performed to assess the effects of coffee consumption on the concentrations of tHcy and total cholesterol by using doses and brewing methods common in southeastern Norway.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000The study was an unblinded, controlled trial with 191 healthy, nonsmoking, coffee-drinking volunteers aged 24-69 y randomly assigned to 3 groups who were asked to consume for 6 consecutive weeks no coffee, 1-3 cups (approximately 175-525 mL)/d, or > or =4 cups (approximately 700 mL)/d prepared in the manner to which they were accustomed. Blood samples were drawn when the subjects were randomly assigned and at 3 and 6 wk of the trial. Dietary data were collected by questionnaire.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Ninety-seven percent of the participants reported being regular consumers of caffeinated filtered coffee. Abstention from coffee for 6 wk was associated with a decrease in the tHcy concentration of 1.08 micromol/L and a decrease in the total cholesterol concentration of 0.28 mmol/L in participants who had been drinking on average 4 cups of filtered coffee daily for the past year. Adjustments for several possible confounders did not alter the results.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000Abstention from filtered coffee in doses that are commonly consumed was associated with lower concentrations of tHcy and total cholesterol.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118977866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptin concentrations in the United States: relations with demographic and anthropometric measures.","authors":"C. Ruhl, J. Everhart","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/74.3.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/74.3.295","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Leptin is a peptide that is strongly correlated with adiposity and is a potential determinant of obesity and its complications.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000Leptin concentrations from a representative sample of the US population were examined in relation to demographic and anthropometric measures.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Fasting serum leptin concentrations were measured in 6303 women and men aged > or =20 y in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Anthropometric measures included body mass index, 4 skinfold thicknesses, and 4 body circumferences. Ethnic groups included non-Hispanic whites and blacks and Mexican Americans.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The mean serum leptin concentration was much higher in women (12.7 microg/L) than in men (4.6 microg/L). In a multivariate analysis, leptin concentrations were associated with the sum of 4 skinfold thicknesses, waist and hip circumferences, ethnicity, and age. These measures explained most of the variance in leptin concentrations in women (R2 = 0.69) and in men (R2 = 0.67). Triceps skinfold thickness, when substituted for the sum of skinfold thicknesses, performed nearly as well in women (R2 = 0.68) and men (R2 = 0.67). Leptin concentrations were slightly but significantly higher in non-Hispanic blacks than in non-Hispanic whites of both sexes when these anthropometric measures and age were controlled for; Mexican Americans had concentrations that were intermediate compared with the concentrations of non-Hispanic whites and blacks.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000In this large, representative sample of the US population, demographic and anthropometric measures predicted serum leptin concentrations in women and men.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118992129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting metabolic rate in obese and nonobese Chinese Singaporean boys aged 13-15 y.","authors":"D. Stensel, F. Lin, A. Nevill","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/74.3.369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/74.3.369","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Previous studies investigating the hypothesis that a low resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a cause of obesity yielded discrepant findings. Two explanations for these findings are the use of imprecise methods to determine obesity and a failure to control for differences in fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) when comparing RMR values.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000This study tested the hypothesis that RMR is lower in obese than in nonobese boys (with the use of precise methods to quantify body fatness and with adjustment for differences in both FM and FFM).\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Forty Chinese Singaporean boys aged 12.8-15.1 y were recruited. Boys were classified as obese (n = 20) or nonobese (n = 20) on the basis of their adiposity index (ratio of FM to FFM: >0.60 = obese, <0.40 = nonobese) determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RMR was determined by using indirect calorimetry. RMR values were compared by using both linear (analysis of covariance) and log-linear (analysis of covariance with log-transformed data) regression to control for differences in FM and FFM.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Age, height, and FFM did not differ significantly between groups. Body mass was 13 kg greater and FM was 16 kg greater in the obese boys than in the nonobese boys (P < 0.001). After control for FFM and FM, RMR did not differ significantly between the groups.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000When body composition is appropriately controlled for, RMR does not differ significantly between obese and nonobese boys.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120395445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunologic evidence of no harmful effect of oats in celiac disease.","authors":"A. Picarelli, M. Tola, L. Sabbatella, F. Gabrielli, T. D. Cello, M. C. Anania, Antonio Mastracchio, M. Silano, M. Vincenzi","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/74.1.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/74.1.137","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000It was recently shown that antiendomysial antibodies (EMAs), which are highly sensitive and specific for celiac disease, are produced by intestinal mucosa. Furthermore, EMAs were detected previously in supernatant fluid from cultured duodenal mucosa specimens collected from untreated celiac disease patients and in culture media of biopsy specimens collected from treated celiac disease patients after an in vitro challenge with gliadin. Moreover, it was recently shown in vivo that oats are not toxic to celiac disease patients, suggesting the safety of oats in a gluten free-diet.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000The objective was to better define the controversial role of oats in celiac disease to determine whether oats can be safely included in a gluten-free diet.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000We used an in vitro model to test whether oats induce EMA production in supernatant fluid from cultured duodenal mucosa specimens collected from 13 treated celiac disease patients. The biopsy specimens were cultured with and without peptic-tryptic digest (PT) of gliadin and avenin (from oats) and in medium alone. Samples from 5 of the 13 patients were cultured with the C fraction of PT-avenin. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to detect EMAs.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000EMAs were detected in specimens from all 13 patients after the challenge with gliadin but not after culture in medium alone. By contrast, no EMAs were detected in any of the specimens cultured with PT-avenin and its C fraction.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Because the in vitro challenge with PT-avenin and its C fraction did not induce EMA production in treated celiac disease patients, it appears that oats have no harmful effect on celiac disease. Therefore, oats can be safely included in a gluten-free diet.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"379 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118912893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin E, cancer, and apoptosis.","authors":"A. Papas, E. Vos","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/73.6.1113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/73.6.1113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124769564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV and other predictors of serum folate, serum ferritin, and hemoglobin in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in Zimbabwe.","authors":"Henrik Friis, E. Gomo, P. Kæstel, Patricia Ndhlovu, Norman Nyazema, Henrik Krarup, Kim F. Michaelsen","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/73.6.1066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/73.6.1066","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Folate and iron status and hemoglobin concentrations are important to maternal and infant health.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000Our goal was to identify predictors of serum folate, serum ferritin, and hemoglobin.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000This was a cross-sectional study of 1669 pregnant women (22-35 wk of gestation) in Harare, Zimbabwe, who were receiving prenatal care. The statistical effects of age, season, gestational age, gravidity, HIV-1 infection, malaria parasitemia, and serum alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) on serum folate, serum ferritin (log10 transformed), and hemoglobin were estimated by using multiple linear regression analyses.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Serum folate (x: 11.4 micromol/L) was 0.52-nmol/L (95% CI: 0.04, 1.0) lower in HIV-infected women than in uninfected women and 0.65-nmol/L (0.014, 1.28) lower in weeks 25-35 than in weeks 22-25. Serum ferritin (geometric x: 11.6 microg/L) was 0.93 times (0.86, 0.99) lower in HIV-infected women and 2.25 times (1.41, 3.61) higher in women with malaria parasitemia than in uninfected women. Similarly, serum ferritin was 0.71 times (0.63, 0.79) higher in weeks 32-35 than in weeks 22-25 and 1.21 times (1.12, 1.29) higher in gravida > or =3 than in gravida 1. Elevated serum ACT was a strong predictor of serum folate, serum ferritin, and hemoglobin. HIV infection was associated with a 12.9-g/L (8.9, 16.8) lower hemoglobin concentration in women with nondepleted iron stores but low serum retinol and a 7-8-g/L lower hemoglobin concentration in women with other combinations of serum ferritin and retinol (P for interaction = 0.038). Season, age, gestational age, and gravidity were not significant predictors of hemoglobin. Low serum folate, ferritin, and retinol were associated with low hemoglobin.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000HIV was associated with lower serum folate, serum ferritin, and hemoglobin. HIV infection was also associated with lower hemoglobin, particularly in women with stored iron and low serum retinol. Low serum folate, ferritin, and retinol were associated with low hemoglobin.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124732941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy density of foods affects energy intake across multiple levels of fat content in lean and obese women.","authors":"Elizabeth A Bell, B. Rolls","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/73.6.1010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/73.6.1010","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000The results of previous studies indicated that energy density, independent of fat content, influences energy intake. In most studies, however, both fat content and energy density were lower than in typical American diets.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000We examined the influence of energy density on intake when fat content was above, below, or similar to the amount of fat typically consumed and when energy density was closer to that of American diets.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Lean (n = 19) and obese (n = 17) women consumed all meals daily in our laboratory during 6 experimental sessions. The main entrées, consumed ad libitum, were formulated to vary in fat content (25%, 35%, and 45% of energy) and energy density (5.23 kJ/g, or low energy density, and 7.32 kJ/g, or high energy density) but to have similar palatability.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Energy density influenced energy intake across all fat contents in both lean and obese women (P < 0.0001). Women consumed less energy in the low (7531 kJ) than in the high (9414 kJ) energy density condition. Despite this 20% lower energy intake, there were only small differences in hunger (7%) and fullness (5%). Women consumed a similar volume, but not weight, of food daily across conditions. Differences in intake by weight, but not volume, occurred because for some versions of manipulated foods, weight and volume were not directly proportional.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Energy density affected energy intake across different fat contents and at levels of energy density comparable with those in typical diets. Furthermore, our findings suggest that cues related to the amount of food consumed have a greater influence on short-term intake than does the amount of energy consumed.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120043389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Images\" of nutrition in medical education and primary care.","authors":"K. Kolasa","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/73.6.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/73.6.1006","url":null,"abstract":"In this article I describe challenges to medical-nutrition educators and an opportunity provided by the Association of American Medical Colleges Medical School Objectives Project. Brief snapshots of nutrition education are given during the family medicine residency and through continuing medical education programming. An argument is made to provide education that focuses not on knowledge, but on confidence and skill in providing nutrition services to primary care patients. Medical-nutrition educators are challenged to share curriculum ideas and to explore ways to use technology to become a more effective community.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124342114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}