T. Fung, F. Hu, Mark A Pereira, Simin Liu, M. Stampfer, G. Colditz, W. Willett
{"title":"Whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in men.","authors":"T. Fung, F. Hu, Mark A Pereira, Simin Liu, M. Stampfer, G. Colditz, W. Willett","doi":"10.1093/AJCN/76.3.535","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\nCertain dietary components may play a role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.\n\n\nOBJECTIVE\nWe examined prospectively the associations between whole- and refined-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in a large cohort of men.\n\n\nDESIGN\nMen from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study without a history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease in 1986 (n = 42898) were followed for </=12 y. Intakes of whole and refined grains, measured every 4 y by use of food-frequency questionnaires, were used to predict subsequent type 2 diabetes risk through multivariate analysis.\n\n\nRESULTS\nWe ascertained 1197 cases of incident type 2 diabetes. After adjustment for age; physical activity; cigarette smoking; alcohol consumption; family history of diabetes; and fruit, vegetable, and energy intakes, the relative risk of type 2 diabetes was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.70; P for trend < 0.0001) comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of whole-grain intake. The association was moderately attenuated when additionally adjusted for body mass index (relative risk: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.85; P for trend = 0.0006). Intake of refined grains was not significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. After further adjustment for magnesium intake, cereal fiber intake, and glycemic load, the association between whole grains and type 2 diabetes was attenuated and the trend no longer significant.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nIn men, a diet high in whole grains is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in men that may be mediated by cereal fiber. Efforts should be made to replace refined-grain with whole-grain foods.","PeriodicalId":315016,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"522","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The American journal of clinical nutrition","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCN/76.3.535","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 522
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Certain dietary components may play a role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE
We examined prospectively the associations between whole- and refined-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in a large cohort of men.
DESIGN
Men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study without a history of diabetes or cardiovascular disease in 1986 (n = 42898) were followed for =12 y. Intakes of whole and refined grains, measured every 4 y by use of food-frequency questionnaires, were used to predict subsequent type 2 diabetes risk through multivariate analysis.
RESULTS
We ascertained 1197 cases of incident type 2 diabetes. After adjustment for age; physical activity; cigarette smoking; alcohol consumption; family history of diabetes; and fruit, vegetable, and energy intakes, the relative risk of type 2 diabetes was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.70; P for trend < 0.0001) comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of whole-grain intake. The association was moderately attenuated when additionally adjusted for body mass index (relative risk: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.57, 0.85; P for trend = 0.0006). Intake of refined grains was not significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. After further adjustment for magnesium intake, cereal fiber intake, and glycemic load, the association between whole grains and type 2 diabetes was attenuated and the trend no longer significant.
CONCLUSIONS
In men, a diet high in whole grains is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in men that may be mediated by cereal fiber. Efforts should be made to replace refined-grain with whole-grain foods.