Environmental Pollution最新文献

{"title":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure in early pregnancy on child neurodevelopment","authors":"Zhi Li, Yu Han, Xinyu Li, Wenjuan Xiong, Tingkai Cui, Wei Xi, Shihao Jin, Xin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125527","url":null,"abstract":"The epidemiological evidence from studies on the impact of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment is inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the associations of PAHs exposure in early pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children aged 6-12 months in a prospective cohort. In this study, we included 172 mother-child pairs with complete data in Tianjin City, China. Ten PAH metabolites were determined in early-pregnancy urine using gas chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). Child neurodevelopment was measured using the Griffiths Development Scales-Chinese (GDS-C) when children were between 6 and 12 months old. We employed multivariable linear regression, Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to assess the relationships of individual PAH metabolites and mixtures of these metabolites with child neurodevelopment. Multiplicative interactions were analyzed to examine effect modification by child sex. In the multivariable linear regression analysis, six PAH metabolites were found to be negatively associated with personal social scores, while three PAH metabolites showed a negative association with language scores. The Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) model revealed that the PAH mixture was linked to decreased personal social scores (β = - 4.18, 95% CI = -7.56, - 0.80) and language scores (β = - 4.17, 95% CI = -7.98, -0.37). Furthermore, the Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models also indicated the negative associations between the PAHs mixture and personal social scores and language scores. Notably, three PAH metabolites (1-hydroxynaphthalene(1-OHNap),3-hydroxyfluorene(3-OHFlu), 3+9-hydroxyphenanthrene(3+9-OHPhe)) were identified as important contributors to these associations. All analyses of interactions were null. Exposure to PAHs during early pregnancy, whether individually or as a mixture, demonstrated a negative association with child neurodevelopment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Chlorpyrifos on gut dysbiosis and barriers integrity in women with a focus on pregnancy and prebiotic intervention: insights from advanced in vitro human models","authors":"Maria Abou Diwan, Avénie Huet, Juliette Poiriez, Claire-Joly Condette, Stéphane Delanaud, Emmanuel Sevin, Aurélie corona, Larbi Rhazi, Flore Depeint, Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch, Fabien Gosselet, Véronique Bach, Pietra Candela, Hafida Khorsi-Cauet","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125533","url":null,"abstract":"Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a commonly used organophosphate pesticide, poses potential risks to human health, particularly affecting the gut microbiota (GM), intestinal barrier (IB), and blood-brain barrier (BBB). CPF-induced gut dysbiosis compromises the integrity of both the IB and the BBB, leading to increased intestinal permeability, inflammation, and bacterial translocation, all of which may impact neurological health. Although CPF’s effects on the GM are documented, limited research explores how these impacts differ in women, particularly during pregnancy. To address this gap, this study investigates CPF’s effects using three advanced human in vitro models: the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) to mimic the gut environment of women of child-bearing age and pregnant women, a Caco-2 model for the IB, and a BBB model to assess CPF’s effects and the protective role of the prebiotic inulin.Microbiological analyses of SHIME® supernatants, including bacterial culture and quantification of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and CPF metabolites, were conducted to assess gut composition and pesticide degradation. We also examined the effects of CPF-induced dysbiosis on IB and BBB permeability to FITC-Dextran, focusing on bacterial translocation after 4 hours of exposure to CPF-treated SHIME® supernatants.Our results revealed significant intestinal imbalance, marked by an increase in potentially pathogenic bacteria in the GM of both non-pregnant and pregnant women exposed to CPF. This dysbiosis led to a significant shift in SCFAs ratio and increased IB permeability and bacterial translocation across the IB, but not the BBB. Notably, inulin supplementation restored GM balance and prevented bacterial translocation, highlighting its potential as a preventive measure against CPF-induced dysbiosis.This study enhances our understanding of the health risks associated with CPF exposure in women, with implications for maternal and fetal health, and underscores the importance of considering physiological states such as pregnancy in toxicological research.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Diversity and Environmental Determinants at Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station: A Comprehensive Microbial Assessment","authors":"Ran Yan, Xiaowen Xu, Yue Niu, Shengjie Ying, Jing Cai, Renjie Chen, Yiqin Gu, Haidong Kan","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125534","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of indoor environmental management in transportation hubs, which are critical for pathogen transmission due to high foot traffic. However, research has primarily focused on subways, with limited studies on train stations. In this study, samples were collected at the Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station in winter, spring, and summer. Microbial DNA was extracted from collected indoor surfaces and ambient air samples and then analyzed through high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Alongside sample collection, environmental data were recorded. Alpha diversity was greatest in winter, followed by summer, and least in spring within the train station environment. Surface samples exhibited higher alpha diversity compared to air samples, with no notable difference between indoor and outdoor air. Beta diversity showed significant variation across seasons and locations, with seasonal changes more pronounced than spatial ones, primarily due to differences between air and surface samples rather than indoor and outdoor environments. Key determinants of microbial community structure included CO₂, temperature, illuminance, and passenger volume. The microbial community in train stations originates from various sources, with contributions from both natural elements (like wastewater/sludge, soil, and plants) and human sources (such as gastrointestinal, oral, and dermal flora). This study highlights the microbial ecology of train stations, emphasizing the need for microbial surveillance and management in transportation settings.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of indoor and outdoor atmospheric organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) from the petrochemical industrial area in North China: occurrence, gas-PM2.5 distribution, source appointment and health implications","authors":"Feijie Gong, Tianqi Zhang, Tong Zhao, Anan Qi, Peng Xu, Qi Huang, Yifang Li, Miao Wang, Yang Xiao, Lingxiao Yang, Yaqin Ji, Wenxing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125529","url":null,"abstract":"The consumption of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) has surged significantly recent years since global banning of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Industrial activities are an important source of OPFRs, however there are few studies on OPFRs contamination in the indoor and outdoor atmosphere of industrial areas. A study was conducted to analyze contamination of 15 OPFRs individuals in both indoor and outdoor air and PM_2.5 of living and industrial sites of the petrochemical industrial area (outdoor and indoor sites of living area was LO and LI, outdoor and indoor sites of industrial area was LO and LI).The average concentrations of OPFRs in PM_2.5 of LO (16.40 ng/m³) and IO (17.83 ng/m³) were similar, while LI (60.46 ng/m³) was higher than that in II (33.43 ng/m³). The average concentrations of indoor OPFR in PM_2.5 and air in summer were 4.10 and 2.22 times higher than those in winter, respectively This seasonal concentration variation of OPFRs may attribute to the influence of temperature that accelerated the releasing of OPFRs from materials. Alkyl-OPFRs and Cl-OPFRs were the dominant OPFRs in air and PM_2.5, respectively. The indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios of OPFRs and correlation of OPFRs with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) indicated that the indoor source (material emission) was the dominant contributors of indoor OPFRs in PM_2.5 and air, and outdoor sources (industrial and traffic sources) had significant contribution to OPFRs in indoor and outdoor air and outdoor PM_2.5. The gas-particle partitioning of OPFRs had not reached equilibrium state, and absorption mechanism dominated. The Harner-Bidleman (H-B) model has better fitting effect for OPFRs with logK_OA > 10. The health risk of OPFRs for both adult and child were neglectable. While considering the high contribution of TCEP to carcinogenic risk, and high contribution of TCPP to none-carcinogenic risk, their health risk should be given special attention.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyanobacteria in late lag and exponential phases suit different pre-chlorination and coagulation strategies.","authors":"Xuanxuan Xian, Chen Luo, Gang Lian, Xin Yu, Liang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pre-chlorination is usually applied to facilitate coagulation process when treating cyanobacteria-laden source waters. However, the responses of cyanobacteria after chlorination were varied in different growth phases, hence how these differences affect the coagulation is not clear. In this study, Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) in late lag and exponential phases were selected for comparing the remove effect of cyanobacterial coagulation after varied doses (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L) of pre-chlorination. Results showed that the M. aeruginosa in late lag phase held higher removal efficiencies (48-86%) than those in exponential phase (1-60%). Lower pH and buoyancy, higher Zeta potential and hydrophobicity were beneficial to its coagulation. The application of 0.5-2.0 mg/L pre-chlorination in late lag phase did not promote its coagulation, mainly due to the impediment by released hydrophilic humus. In contrast, the remove efficiency increased about 40% with the addition of 2.0 mg/L chlorine and 15 mg/L polyaluminum chloride (PACl) in exponential phase. The increased macromolecular organic matters, Zeta potential and decreased buoyancy made for this promotion. In addition, the removal of extracellular organic matters, aromatics and microcystin was not that productive after coagulation in exponential phase, but both of chlorination and coagulation could reduce microcystin in late lag phase. The findings suggest that optimizing the application methods of pre-chlorine and coagulant according to the growth phases is necessary for cyanobacterial control.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":" ","pages":"125427"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfur Metabolism and Response to Light in Ulva prolifera Green Tides","authors":"Lu Han, Yu Xin, Jinyan Wang, Pei-Feng Li, Tao Liu, Shan-Shan Duan, Chun-Ying Liu, Gui-Peng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125523","url":null,"abstract":"The outbreak of <em>Ulva prolifera</em> blooms causes significant changes in the coastal sulfur cycle due to the high production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and the emission of dimethylsulfide (DMS). However, the sulfur metabolism mechanism of <em>U. prolifera</em> has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we examined the levels of intracellular and extracellular sulfate (SO₄²⁻-S), total sulfur (TS), DMSP, and DMS in fresh <em>U. prolifera</em> under different light intensity conditions (54, 108 and 162 μmol photons m^–2 s^–1) during algal growth. We also conducted transcriptome analyses to investigate sulfur uptake and metabolism. When the light intensity increased by 50% (from 108 to 162 μmol photons m^–2 s^–1), the amount of absorbed SO₄²⁻-S increased by 3.5 times after 24 hours, while the fresh weight of <em>U. prolifera</em> increased by 16%, and the average release rates of DMS and DMSP increased by 136% and 100%, respectively. However, the expression of sulfate transporter and assimilation-related genes did not show significant up- or down-regulation in response to the light intensity changes. Therefore, it is speculated that the key gene responsible for DMSP synthesis in <em>U. prolifera</em> has not yet been identified. The sulfate metabolic pathway of <em>U. prolifera</em> was established, and four Alma genes, including DMSP lyase, were identified. During the bloom period, it is estimated that <em>U. prolifera</em> releases a maximum of approximately 0.4 tons of sulfur and 0.3 tons of carbon in the form of DMS into the atmosphere per day. Additionally, biogenic sulfur dissolved in seawater or within algae could potentially impact the regional climate and environment.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The responses of root exudates and microbiome in the rhizosphere of main plant and aromatic intercrops to soil Cr stress","authors":"Rui Li, Zhenglin Li, Kui Zhang, Cong Zhang, Yue Sun, Jie Zhang, Yi Zheng, Yuncong Yao, Xiaoxiao Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125528","url":null,"abstract":"Soil chromium (Cr) stress has a well-recognized negative impact on plant growth, and intercropping is a commonly used method to mitigate heavy metal toxicity to main plants. However, the responses of root exudates-microbial and their interactions among soil zones to soil Cr stress are always in need of clarification in intercropping system. In this study, three intercropping patterns (CT, <em>Malus</em> only; TM, <em>Malus</em>×<em>Mentha</em> and TA, <em>Malus</em>×<em>Ageratum</em>) with different soil Cr addition levels (NCR, LCR, HCR) were applied, and the rhizosphere ecological traits in the main plant (FRS) and intercrop (ARS) were investigated. The results indicate that intercropping with either <em>Mentha</em> or <em>Ageratum</em> has a positive effect on main plants response to soil Cr stress, and intercropping with <em>Ageratum</em> showing a more significant effect. Importantly, we found that the rhizosphere of main plant tends to alleviate stress by accumulating organic acids and amino acids, while aromatic plants exhibit a broader accumulation of metabolites. Additionally, we identified five core differential microbial genera. Our findings provide novel insights into intercrop Cr detoxification in the main plant.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological effects and molecular metabolic of polystyrene nanoplastics on soybean (Glycine max L.): strengthening defense ability by enhancing secondary metabolisms","authors":"Bingqing Wang, Hang Yuan, Yixin Yang, Zhaoyu Jiang, Dongmei Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125522","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoplastics, as emerging pollutants, have attracted worldwide concern for their possible environmental dangers. The ingestion and accumulation of nanoplastics in crops can contaminate the food chain and have unintended consequences for human health. In this study, we revealed the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs; 80 nm) at different concentrations (0, 10, 100 mg L^-1) on soybean (<em>Glycine max L.</em>) seedling growth, antioxidant enzyme system and secondary metabolism. Using laser confocal microscopy, we demonstrated that the absorption and translocation of PS-NPs in soybean. Plant growth inhibition was observed by changes in plant height, root length, and leaf area after 7 days of exposure to PS-NPs. The effect of PS-NPs on photosynthetic characteristics was reflected by a significant reduction in total chlorophyll content at 10 mg L^-1. Activation of the antioxidant system was observed with increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and elevated activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Non-targeted metabolomics analysis identified a total of 159 secondary metabolites, and exposure to 10 and 100 mg L^-1 PS-NPs resulted in the production of 61 and 62 differential secondary metabolites. Metabolomics analysis showed that PS-NPs treatment altered the secondary metabolic profile of soybean leaves through the biosynthesis pathways of flavonoid, flavone flavonol, and isoflavones, which is expected to provide new insights into the tolerance mechanisms of plants to nanoplastics. Overall, the results of this study deepen our understanding of the negative impacts of nanoplastics in agricultural systems, which is crucial for assessing the risks of nanoplastics to ecological security.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modernizing Load and Emission Factors for Construction Machinery Based on Real-world Operation: Estimation of Emission Data in Korea","authors":"Dalho Shin, Seokho Moon, Jeeyoung Ham, Hyungcheon Kim, Chul Yoo, Sungwoo Kim, Suhan Park","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125530","url":null,"abstract":"The emissions inventory for non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) in Korea relies on laboratory engine tests, which do not accurately reflect the real-world emissions from construction machinery. Hence, standardized real-world test conditions suitable for the Korean environment were first designed based on the manufacturer’s testing methods and previous research. Next, using portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS), data on exhaust emissions and load factor (LF) were collected and analyzed during real-world tests on three types of construction machinery (excavators, loaders, and forklifts) with high registration rates and emissions in Korean environment. The improved LFs, which reflect real-world tests, were significantly lower than the existing LF value (0.48), with values of 0.38-0.5 for excavators, 0.3-0.44 for loaders and 0.26 for forklifts. The emission factors (EFs) were higher than those currently used in Korea’s emissions inventory, namely, the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS). Based on the results, emissions were calculated and compared using an emission calculation formula. The relationship between LFs and EFs was also investigated to address the limitations of previous studies that focused solely on EF measurements. The combined improvements in EFs + LFs can lead to slightly higher emissions inventories. The improved LFs and EFs based on the results of real-world tests reported herein can enhance the accuracy of estimating emissions from construction machinery in Korea.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the respiratory and systemic effects of exposure to BTEX among municipal solid waste workers","authors":"Ashraf Mazaheri Tehrani, Sajjad Hajiketabi, Nima Berijani, Mohammadtaghi Samadi","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125525","url":null,"abstract":"Workers at municipal solid waste (MSW) facilities may be exposed to a range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This study aimed to evaluate the potential systemic and respiratory effects, as well as to conduct cancer and non-cancer health risk assessments, associated with exposure to an important group of VOCs—Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes (BTEX)—among MSW workers. For this purpose, 48 air samples were collected from an MSW facility (36 samples from the landfill and 12 samples from the transfer station) and from a green space serving as the control area (n=6), located in Hamedan, in the west of Iran, during the spring and summer of 2019. Additionally, 60 individuals (30 in the exposure group and 30 in the control group) underwent testing for inflammatory markers, blood factors, and respiratory function. The highest levels of all BTEX compounds were detected at the transfer station, while the lowest concentrations were found at the green space. The mean concentrations of total BTEX compounds were 127 μg/m³, 42 μg/m³, and 4 μg/m³ for air samples collected from the transfer station, the landfill, and the green space, respectively, with Toluene being the dominant pollutant at all sampling sites. While all BTEX compound concentrations remained below the Reference Concentration (RfC) and Threshold Limit Value (TLV), high lifetime cancer risks (LCRs) for Benzene and Ethylbenzene were observed at certain sampling locations, particularly at the transfer station and the active zone of landfill, with LCR values exceeding acceptable thresholds. Biological monitoring of workers indicated that working at sites with higher concentrations of BTEX adversely impacted blood biomarkers and respiratory function. This emphasizes the need for more effective protective strategies to minimize exposure and address associated occupational hazards.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"211 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}