BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01201
Iris B A Smokers, Evan Spruijt
{"title":"Quantification of Biomolecular Condensate Volume Reveals Network Swelling and Dissolution Regimes during Phase Transition.","authors":"Iris B A Smokers, Evan Spruijt","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01201","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate determination of biomolecular condensate volume reveals that destabilization of condensates can lead to either swelling or shrinking of condensates, giving fundamental insights into the regulation of the volume of cellular condensates. Determination of the volume of biomolecular condensates and coacervate protocells is essential to investigate their precise composition and impact on (bio)chemical reactions that are localized inside the condensates. It is not a straightforward task, as condensates have tiny volumes, are highly viscous, and are prone to wetting. Here, we examine different strategies to determine condensate volume and introduce two new methods, with which condensate volumes of 1 μL or less (volume fraction 0.4%) can be determined with a standard deviation of 0.03 μL. Using these methods, we show that the swelling or shrinking of condensates depends on the degree of physical cross-linking. These observations are supported by Flory-Huggins theory and can have profound effects on condensates in cell biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"363-373"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01133
Syed Ahmed Shah, Muhammad Sohail, Paweł Nakielski, Chiara Rinoldi, Seyed Shahrooz Zargarian, Alicja Kosik-Kozioł, Yasamin Ziai, Mohammad Ali Haghighat Bayan, Anna Zakrzewska, Daniel Rybak, Magdalena Bartolewska, Filippo Pierini
{"title":"Integrating Micro- and Nanostructured Platforms and Biological Drugs to Enhance Biomaterial-Based Bone Regeneration Strategies.","authors":"Syed Ahmed Shah, Muhammad Sohail, Paweł Nakielski, Chiara Rinoldi, Seyed Shahrooz Zargarian, Alicja Kosik-Kozioł, Yasamin Ziai, Mohammad Ali Haghighat Bayan, Anna Zakrzewska, Daniel Rybak, Magdalena Bartolewska, Filippo Pierini","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01133","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone defects resulting from congenital anomalies and trauma pose significant clinical challenges for orthopedics surgeries, where bone tissue engineering (BTE) aims to address these challenges by repairing defects that fail to heal spontaneously. Despite numerous advances, BTE still faces several challenges, i.e., difficulties in detecting and tracking implanted cells, high costs, and regulatory approval hurdles. Biomaterials promise to revolutionize bone grafting procedures, heralding a new era of regenerative medicine and advancing patient outcomes worldwide. Specifically, novel bioactive biomaterials have been developed that promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation and have osteoconductive and osteoinductive characteristics, stimulating tissue regeneration and repair, particularly in complex skeletal defects caused by trauma, degeneration, and neoplasia. A wide array of biological therapeutics for bone regeneration have emerged, drawing from the diverse spectrum of gene therapy, immune cell interactions, and RNA molecules. This review will provide insights into the current state and potential of future strategies for bone regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"140-162"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01265
Sung Been Lim, Jun Su An, DongHyun Kang, Ha Yeon Park, Mohit J Mehta, Eunyoung Choi, Beob Soo Kim, Hyun Jin Kim
{"title":"Synthesis of Amphiphilic Cationic Poly(β-amino acid) Derivatives and Their PEG Length Optimization for mRNA Transfection.","authors":"Sung Been Lim, Jun Su An, DongHyun Kang, Ha Yeon Park, Mohit J Mehta, Eunyoung Choi, Beob Soo Kim, Hyun Jin Kim","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01265","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We synthesized a series of amphiphilic cationic poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>b</i>-poly(β-amino acid) derivatives with various lengths of PEG to investigate the effects of PEG lengths on mRNA transfection. The surface charges of the polyplexes with a DP<sub>OEG</sub> ≥ 4 gradually decreased as DP<sub>OEG</sub> increased. This indicated that hydrophilic PEG with a DP<sub>OEG</sub> ≥ 4 was exposed on the surface of the polyplexes, which was further confirmed using <sup>1</sup>H NMR. Polyplexes with a DP<sub>OEG</sub> ≤ 4 exhibited mRNA transfection efficacy similar to that of homopolymers. However, the transfection efficacy of the polyplex with a DP<sub>OEG</sub> ≥ 12 markedly decreased, mainly because of the decreased cellular uptake and stability of the polyplexes against serum albumin. This indicated that the PEG length considerably affected the delivery efficacy of IVT mRNA. Our results provide useful information for the fundamental polymer design to optimize the PEG length of amphiphilic cationic polymers for systemic IVT mRNA delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"459-469"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"NAC-Grafted ROS-Scavenging Polymer Nanoparticles for Modulation of Acute Lung Injury Microenvironment In Vivo.","authors":"Wali Muhammad, Min Liang, Beiduo Wang, Jieqi Xie, Wajiha Ahmed, Changyou Gao","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01290","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>N</i>-Acetyl cysteine (NAC) is an essential molecule that boosts acute lung injury (ALI) defense via its direct antioxidant capability. Nevertheless, the therapeutic use of NAC is limited due to its poor bioavailability and short half-life. In this study, NAC was grafted to the polyurethane consisting of poly(propylene fumarate), poly(thioketal), and 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (PFTU) to reduce excessive oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in ALI. The NAC-grafted polymer nanoparticles (NPT@NPs) were prepared as a drug delivery system, which could effectively scavenge free radicals and reduce inflammation in vitro. The administration of NPT@NPs exhibited notable efficacy in ameliorating pulmonary edema, attenuating the presence of inflammatory cells, suppressing myeloperoxidase expression, diminishing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reversing cell apoptosis in an ALI model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The NPT@NPs demonstrated significantly better efficacy compared to the free NAC in mitigating the deleterious effects of LPS on pulmonary tissue, thereby providing more effective protection against pulmonary inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"528-540"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-26DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01340
Maria Morbidelli, Matteo Romio, Yashoda Chandorkar, Alexander Gogos, Cordula Hirsch, Barbora Kolrosova, Lucca Trachsel, Francesca Lorandi, Denis Badocco, Paolo Pastore, Giorgio Arrigoni, Cinzia Franchin, Regina Tavano, Richard Hoogenboom, Emanuele Papini, Edmondo M Benetti
{"title":"The Topology of Poly(2-methyl-2-oxazine) Shells on Nanoparticles Determines Their Interaction with Serum and Uptake by Immune Cells.","authors":"Maria Morbidelli, Matteo Romio, Yashoda Chandorkar, Alexander Gogos, Cordula Hirsch, Barbora Kolrosova, Lucca Trachsel, Francesca Lorandi, Denis Badocco, Paolo Pastore, Giorgio Arrigoni, Cinzia Franchin, Regina Tavano, Richard Hoogenboom, Emanuele Papini, Edmondo M Benetti","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01340","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclic poly(2-methyl-2-oxazine) (<i>c</i>-PMOZI) brush shells on Au nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit enhanced stealth properties toward serum and different cell lines compared to their linear PMOZI (<i>l</i>-PMOZI) counterparts. While selectively recruiting immunoglobulins, <i>c</i>-PMOZI shells reduce overall human serum (HS) protein binding and alter the processing of complement factor 3 (C3) compared to chemically identical linear shells. Polymer cyclization significantly decreases NP uptake by nonphagocytic cells and macrophages in both complement-deficient fetal bovine serum (FBS) and complement-expressing HS, indicating ineffective functional opsonization. Even in serum-free media, <i>c</i>-PMOZI-coated NPs show reduced internalization by macrophages compared to <i>l</i>-PMOZI-coated NPs, suggesting lower opsonin-independent cell surface affinity. This study demonstrates that cyclic PMOZI suppresses interactions of NPs with proteins and cells, highlighting how control over chain topology expands the polymer chemistry toolbox for modulating the behavior of core-shell NPs within physiological environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"556-566"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01581
Xuekun Yang, Siwei Bi, Changyuan He, Liubo Yuan, Li Zhang, Jun Gu, Bin Yan, Jin He
{"title":"Rapid Fluid-Induced-Expanding Chitosan-Derived Hemostatic Sponges with Excellent Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties for Incompressible Hemorrhage and Wound Healing.","authors":"Xuekun Yang, Siwei Bi, Changyuan He, Liubo Yuan, Li Zhang, Jun Gu, Bin Yan, Jin He","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01581","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chitosan-based materials are known for their excellent biocompatibility and inherent hemostatic properties. However, their hemostatic efficiency is significantly affected by poor wettability and mechanical strength. Herein, we developed a novel hemostatic super elastic sponge from mussel-inspired chitosan modified with long alkyl and catechol functional groups (HMCC) via a simple freezing-drying procedure. The incorporation of decanal and catechol in the HMCC sponge significantly enhances its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and facilitates multiple interactions with blood cells, thus promoting their enrichment for rapid hemostasis. Moreover, HMCC sponges exhibit high compressibility and rapid fluid-induced size recovery capacity, enabling wound shape adaptation to ensure minimizing irritation. In vivo experiments revealed that HMCC sponges possessed enhanced procoagulant, hemostasis abilities, and favorable degradability and could promote wound healing in a rat skin wound model. These results highlight the potential of the HMCC sponge as a promising solution for the clinical management of major bleeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"689-704"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142913208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polypeptide-Folded Artificial Ferroprotein Promotes Ferroptosis in Multiple Tumor Cells.","authors":"Xiaojun Jiang, Qiqi Feng, Yongjia Yang, Linxin Ge, Yu-Ang Cui, Ming Zhao, Bingyin Jiang","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01112","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the current nanozymes, such as Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles, exhibit biocatalytic activities, they dramatically differ from natural enzymes, lacking a degradable organic framework and an intrinsically flexible structure. Single-chain folding of a synthetic polypeptide by metal coordination can mimic metalloproteins more similarly. A triblock PEG-polypeptide copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>b</i>-poly(but-3-yn-1-yl glutamate)-<i>b</i>-poly(<i>tert</i>-butyl glutamate) [EG<sub>113</sub><i>-b-</i>(Glu-yne)<sub>48</sub><i>-b-</i>(Glu-tBu)<sub>61</sub>], was synthesized by NCA polymerization. The alkyne side groups on the central Glu-yne block were intramolecularly cross-linked by Fe<sub>3</sub>(CO)<sub>12</sub> coordination. After thermolysis, the CO ligand was completely removed, yielding an artificial ferroprotein (AFP) with amorphous Fe/FeO<i><sub>x</sub></i> nanoclusters locked within the cross-linked region. While the parent triblock copolypeptide displayed negligible cytotoxicity on human normal cell lines (BEAS-2B and LO2), AFPs induced evident ferroptosis on four different cancer cell lines (PANC-1, HT1080, MCF-7, and A549) even with a low Fe content at 1.6 wt %.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"288-295"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00882
Sophie Laroque, Katherine E S Locock, Sébastien Perrier
{"title":"Cationic Star Polymers Obtained by the Arm-First Approach─Influence of Arm Number and Positioning of Cationic Units on Antimicrobial Activity.","authors":"Sophie Laroque, Katherine E S Locock, Sébastien Perrier","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00882","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, we published a study demonstrating the promising structure-activity relationship of 4-arm star polymers toward bacterial cells and biofilms. The aim of this study was to increase the number of arms to determine if this could further enhance activity via the arm-first approach, which enables access to star structures with a higher number of arms. A library of amphiphilic diblock and miktoarm star polymers was successfully synthesized, and their biological properties were assessed. The increased number of arms failed to increase activity for the diblock stars, possibly due to shielding of the cationic units located at the core from binding to the membrane, which was slightly improved for the miktoarm structures. However, the efficient synthesis of these structures shown herein could be used to synthesize star polymers with a higher cationic ratio or longer arms, thereby circumventing the limitation of reduced interaction of cationic units with the membrane.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"190-200"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-11DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01061
Anja Traeger, Meike N Leiske
{"title":"<i>The Whole Is Greater than the Sum of Its Parts</i> - Challenges and Perspectives in Polyelectrolytes.","authors":"Anja Traeger, Meike N Leiske","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01061","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyelectrolytes offer unique properties for biological applications due to their charged nature and high water solubility. Here, the challenges in their synthesis and characterization techniques are reviewed, emphasizing that their strong interactions with the surrounding media and counterions must be considered when working with this interesting class of materials. Their potential in complexation for gene delivery, their unique stealth and anti-fouling properties, and their more specific interactions with amino acid transporters for cancer therapy are highlighted. The underlying mechanisms responsible for their biological efficacy, including the proton sponge effect for endosomal release and their interactions with cellular membranes, are addressed. For polyelectrolytes with a high level of usage, an overview is given of their historical context. This Perspective outlines the potential of polyelectrolytes for innovative applications in the field of biomedicine. Considering the physicochemical characteristics of this class of materials, this work strives to elucidate the distinctive properties and applications of polyelectrolytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"5-32"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-Cross-Linked Collagen Sponge from the <i>Alosa sapidissima</i> Scale for Hemostasis and Wound Healing Applications.","authors":"Xiaoyun Li, Yue Xu, Zijun Zhou, Mingliang Tang, Jinjia Cui, Wenjing Han, Jingyi Li, Jing Dai, Xiaoyi Ren, Huihui Jiang, Yanzhen Yu, Qinghua Liu, Hongmei Tang, Miao Xiao","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01211","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type I collagen, a crucial component maintaining the structural integrity and physiological function of various tissues, is widely regarded as one of the most suitable biomaterials for healthcare applications. In this study, shad scales, used for treating ulcers, scalds, and burns in traditional Chinese medicine, were exploited for type I collagen extraction. After self-assembly into hydrogels, the extracted collagen was subsequently freeze-dried to form collagen sponges. The collagen sponge promoted rapid hemostasis, neovascularization, and immune regulation. Additionally, it accelerated the formation of granulation tissue, re-epithelialization, and collagen remodeling at the wound site in full-thickness skin wound rat models. Consequently, the shad scale collagen sponge holds great promise for the treatment of chronic wounds and skin regeneration. Notably, the shad was sourced from sustainably recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) farms that adhere to the Traceable Management of Animal Products Safety, ensuring that the derived collagen possesses potential in the medical apparatus market.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"405-414"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}