{"title":"Chitosan-Based Thermal-Coagulation Hydrogel System Driven by Multiple Interactions: Oxidation-Induced Fast Gelation and Enhanced Performance","authors":"Yifan Liu, Guoyin Chen, Tianyu Zhou, Xiaohui Mao, Junfen Sun, Liping Zhu, Long Chen, Meifang Zhu","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00304","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of the chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (CS/β-GP) system is limited due to its weak mechanical performance, high concentration of β-GP, and slow gelation. To revitalize this thermal-coagulation system, we used catechol-chitosan (CS-C) and systematically investigated the influence of modification. By controlling the grafting rate, it was found that the solution pH and p<em>K</em> <sub>a</sub> of CS-C were both affected by the decrease of the amino groups, whereas the gelation time and the required β-GP content for gelling significantly decreased. Using the oxidative properties of the catechol groups, the CS-C/β-GP hydrogel showed a 10-fold increment in stiffness, rapid gelation (1–2 min), and a much lower β-GP content (2–6 wt %). In addition, the hydrogel performed well in antimicrobial and biocompatibility tests. This is the first work to elucidate the thermal-coagulation mechanism of modified chitosan systems, making the application of chitosan-based thermal-coagulation systems in the field of biomedicine and tissue repair possible.</div></div><div><div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (256KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 3732-3744"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00021
Xinling Liu , Shuang Shen , Liang Shao , Yan Zhang , Xianpeng Zhang , Xingqiang Lü , Li Xu , Guanying Li
{"title":"A Pectin-Responsive Aggregation-Induced Emission Probe for Specific Staining of Plant Cell Walls","authors":"Xinling Liu , Shuang Shen , Liang Shao , Yan Zhang , Xianpeng Zhang , Xingqiang Lü , Li Xu , Guanying Li","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00021","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient visualization of the plant cell wall is fundamental to advancing plant science. This study presents an innovative utilization of an aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active iridium complex in specific plant cell imaging. Complex <strong>Ir-Am</strong> with two amine groups exhibited selective and efficient phosphorescence response to pectin, a major structural component of plant cell walls. Mechanism investigations confirmed that the binding between pectin and <strong>Ir-Am</strong> is mediated by amine-carboxylic interactions, which in turn fixed the conformation of <strong>Ir-Am</strong> for activating its AIE. Imaging experiments further demonstrated that <strong>Ir-Am</strong> can successfully label the plant cell wall in different tissues of the model plants and exhibit outstanding staining performance compared to conventional dyes such as Congo red and propidium iodide. This research not only presents an effective and innovative approach for visualizing the plant cell walls but also greatly broadens the applications of iridium complexes as powerful tools for botanical studies.</div></div><div><div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (93KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 3423-3431"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01706
Zachary Benmamoun , Thomas Kinard , Prem Chandar , Joe Jankolovits , William A. Ducker
{"title":"Effect of Salt on Synthetic Cationic Antimicrobial Polymer–Cell Interactions","authors":"Zachary Benmamoun , Thomas Kinard , Prem Chandar , Joe Jankolovits , William A. Ducker","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01706","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cationic antiseptics are deployed in a variety of settings, where salinity ranges from almost pure water to hypertonic salt. Here, we examine how dissolved NaCl affects the antimicrobial action of a model antimicrobial, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) to the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli). Fluorescence microscopy is used to measure the time course of both the adsorption of PDADMAC to E. coli and the cell viability. NaCl decreases the density of adsorbed PDADMAC and diminishes its efficacy. At NaCl concentrations at or above 0.15 M, PDADMAC no longer kills bacteria but still prevents reproduction by halting the growth in cell length. Reproduction can be restarted if PDADMAC is removed. Fluorescence depolarization measurements show that PDADMAC rigidifies model membranes, but salt reduces the rigidity. We therefore attribute the halt in cell growth to reversible bridging by the polymer on the cell surface that prevents expansion of the cell membrane.</div></div><div><div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (207KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 3322-3330"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00048
Jennifer Fritz , Anna-Christina Moser , Alexander Otahal , Karina Kramer , Salih Casurovic , Andreas H. Teuschl-Woller , Stefan Nehrer
{"title":"Hydrostatic Pressure Enhances Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Silk Fibroin-Based 3D Bioprinted Hydrogels","authors":"Jennifer Fritz , Anna-Christina Moser , Alexander Otahal , Karina Kramer , Salih Casurovic , Andreas H. Teuschl-Woller , Stefan Nehrer","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00048","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human meniscus experiences mechanical forces and converts axial loads into hoop stresses. Meniscus injuries and meniscectomies can compromise this function, and therefore, meniscus implants are required. To assess their performance <em>in vitro</em>, it is crucial to recreate a physiological environment. Therefore, we investigated the effect of TGFβ-3-supplemented and TGFβ-free cyclic hydrostatic pressure (HP) up to 10 MPa on 3D bioprinted silk fibroin (SF) polymer-based hydrogels. The bioink was seeded with human infrapatellar fat pad-derived MSCs and supplemented with an extracellular matrix and gelatin. We found that HP stimulation did not alter cell-free biomaterial maturation, while it partially stimulated metabolic activity and cell proliferation. Remarkably, TGFβ-3-supplemented HP led to the highest expression levels of chondrogenic markers, followed by TGFβ-3-supplemented unloaded incubation and then TGFβ-free HP. Despite the low cell density, the combined exposure to TGFβ-3 and HP also facilitated localized glycosaminoglycan and collagen deposition, demonstrating promising prospects for future meniscus regeneration.</div></div><div><div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (48KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 3432-3445"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01806
Lucas N. Trentin , Amadeus C. S. Alcântara , Carlos G. T. Batista , Munir S. Skaf
{"title":"Unraveling the Mechanical Behavior of Softwood Secondary Cell Walls through Atomistic Simulations","authors":"Lucas N. Trentin , Amadeus C. S. Alcântara , Carlos G. T. Batista , Munir S. Skaf","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01806","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The plant cell wall (PCW) is a remarkable biomaterial, endowing plants with strength, stiffness, and defense against pathogens and chemical agents. This complex structure, mainly composed of cellulose in a matrix of hemicellulose, lignin, and water, exhibits impressive mechanical properties. However, the link between its molecular architecture and macroscopic mechanics is not fully understood. This study uses molecular dynamics simulations to examine the nanomechanical behavior of spruce wood’s S2 layer. Multicomponent models including cellulose, hemicellulose (xylan and mannan), lignin, and water were developed. Simulations showed that water acts as a “molecular lubricant”, mediating critical interactions between the components of the system. Tension and compression tests on the models displayed realistic mechanical behavior. Our results show that cellulose microfibrils bear the primary load, while lignin dissipates stress under compression. These findings offer new insights into the relationship between the molecular structure and mechanical function in this complex biomaterial.</div></div><div><div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (101KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 3395-3409"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of Polymer Nanoparticles: An Educational Case Based on PEO–PCL Self-Assemblies Illustrating the Pitfalls to be Avoided","authors":"Stéphane Gineste , Alexandre Wodrinski , Tiffany Campion , Pascale Laborie , Jia-Hui Lim , Stéphanie Balor , Barbara Lonetti , Christophe Mingotaud , Jean-Luc Putaux , Anne-Françoise Mingotaud","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00165","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although polymer nanoparticles for drug delivery are routinely described, their thorough characterization is often overlooked. Two systems containing self-assemblies of poly(ethylene oxide)-<em>block</em>-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEO–PCL) copolymers are presented to illustrate the extreme caution with which they must be characterized: PEO–PCL 5000–4000 g·mol<sup>–1</sup> yielded a single population of micelles, while PEO–PCL 2000–7000 g·mol<sup>–1</sup> formed a mixture of micelles, vesicles, and wormlike objects. Both were initially characterized by single-angle dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as is standard practice. The analysis of the PEO–PCL 5000–4000 micelles demonstrated the relevance of these techniques in such a case. However, while DLS indicated a single population for PEO–PCL 2000–7000, TEM images revealed a mixture of morphologies. Complementary cryo-TEM imaging and multiangle dynamic and static light scattering analyses provided essential information for an improved characterization. Based on these examples, this article offers recommendations for the reliable characterization of polymer nanoparticles.</div></div><div><div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (183KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 3552-3562"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00285
Ya Gao , Göran Widmalm , Wonpil Im
{"title":"Dynamics and Interactions of OmpF Porin in an Asymmetric Bacterial Outer Membrane including LPS, ECA, and CPS","authors":"Ya Gao , Göran Widmalm , Wonpil Im","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00285","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Outer membrane (OM) proteins play a vital role in the physiology of Gram-negative bacteria, and outer membrane protein F (OmpF) is one of the most studied porins in Escherichia coli. In this study, we have developed a comprehensive E. coli OM model with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), enterobacterial common antigen (ECA), and capsular polysaccharides (CPS) in the outer leaflet and with phospholipids in the inner leaflet. Using extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of OmpF in this realistic asymmetric OM environment, we have investigated the structure and dynamics of OmpF within the OM and its interactions with the OM. The results demonstrate that the presence of ECA and CPS enhances the rigidity and stability of the OM while reducing the pore size of OmpF and increasing its cation selectivity. The complex and diverse interactions between OmpF and LPS/ECA/CPS contribute to these effects, resulting in a rigid and compact OmpF structure. These findings provide new insights into the complex interplay between bacterial OM components and OmpF porin, with potential implications for understanding bacterial resistance and developing novel antimicrobial strategies.</div></div><div><div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (189KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 3711-3720"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aalaa K. Moussa, Heba A. Abd El-Rahman, Riham R. Mohamed and Demiana H. Hanna*,
{"title":"","authors":"Aalaa K. Moussa, Heba A. Abd El-Rahman, Riham R. Mohamed and Demiana H. Hanna*, ","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":"26 6","pages":"XXX-XXX XXX-XXX"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.biomac.5c00126","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144432369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01759
Cristina Romo-Valera , Eric A. Appel , Jaime Etxebarria , Jon Arluzea , Noelia Andollo
{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Gelatin-Based Hydrogels as Potential Fillers for Corneal Wounds","authors":"Cristina Romo-Valera , Eric A. Appel , Jaime Etxebarria , Jon Arluzea , Noelia Andollo","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01759","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corneal persistent epithelial defects are common ophthalmic injuries that can cause significant visual and structural damage. While diagnosis is straightforward, treatment remains challenging. Noninvasive therapies like eye drops are preferred, but severe neurotrophic keratopathy may require surgical interventions. This study explores gelatin-based hydrogels as noninvasive alternatives for corneal repair. Four photo-cross-linkable hydrogels with gelatin and riboflavin phosphate (RFP) were evaluated: a control and variants incorporating 2.5% dextran (D), 0.4% hyaluronic acid (HA), or 1% methylcellulose (MC). In vitro assessments included physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and release kinetics alongside ex vivo wound healing assays. The gelatin-RFP hydrogel maintained corneal transparency, while additives reduced it. Dextran slowed compound release, and HA and MC reduced the release rate of larger molecules. All hydrogels showed excellent biocompatibility, and ex vivo models confirmed re-epithelialization, though slower than controls. The unmodified gelatin-RFP hydrogel demonstrated the best potential for corneal tissue engineering, supporting its future clinical translation.</div></div><div><div><span><figure><span><img><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (132KB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span></figure></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":"26 6","pages":"Pages 3344-3355"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}