BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-28DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01584
Jiaqiang Du, Tingting Chen, Jing Yu, Yilong Cheng
{"title":"Construction of Nanohydroxyapatite/Poly(sodium lipoate)-Based Bioactive Hydrogels for Cranial Bone Regeneration.","authors":"Jiaqiang Du, Tingting Chen, Jing Yu, Yilong Cheng","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01584","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent oxidative stress following bone defects significantly impedes the repair of bone tissue. Designing an antioxidative hydrogel with a suitable mechanical strength can help alter the local microenvironment and promote bone defect healing. In this work, α-lipoic acid (LA), a natural antioxidant small molecule, was chemically cross-linked with lipoic acid-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG<sub><i>x</i></sub>, <i>x</i> = 6k or 10k) in sodium bicarbonate solution, to prepare LA-PEG<sub><i>x</i></sub> hydrogels (LP<sub><i>x</i></sub>, <i>x</i> = 6k or 10k). Furthermore, nanohydroxyapatite (nHA)-LA-PEG<sub><i>x</i></sub> (HLP<sub><i>x</i></sub>, <i>x</i> = 6k) hydrogels were constructed through incorporating nHA. The hydrogels exhibited moderate mechanical strength, facile injectability, self-healability, adhesion, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and promising antioxidation efficiency. We verify the advantage of the HLP<sub>6k</sub>-3 hydrogel in a rat cranial defect model. Through the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), osteoconduction, and biomineralization capabilities, our system can promote new bone formation. Overall, bioactive hydrogels with multiple functions hold significant promise for repairing bone defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"705-714"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01500
Muireann Cosgrave, Kulwinder Kaur, Christopher Simpson, Łukasz Mielańczyk, Ciara Murphy, Robert D Murphy, Andreas Heise
{"title":"Tuning Star Polymer Architecture to Tailor Secondary Structures and Mechanical Properties of Diblock Polypeptide Hydrogels for Direct Ink Writing.","authors":"Muireann Cosgrave, Kulwinder Kaur, Christopher Simpson, Łukasz Mielańczyk, Ciara Murphy, Robert D Murphy, Andreas Heise","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01500","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogel three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a highly valuable fabrication tool for applications ranging from electronics and biomedicine. While conventional hydrogels such as gelatin, alginate, and hyaluronic acid satisfy biocompatibility requirements, they distinctly lack reproducibility in terms of mechanical properties and 3D printability. Aiming to offer a high-performance alternative, here we present a range of amphiphilic star-shaped diblock copolypeptides of l-glutamate and l-leucine residues with different topologies. Hydrophobic side chains of the l-leucine polymer block drive conformational self-assembly in water, spontaneously forming hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties, through variation of star topology. Their amenable shear-thinning and self-recovery properties render them suitable as hydrogel inks for direct ink writing. Well-defined 3D-printed structures can be readily generated and rapidly photo-cross-linked using visible light (405 nm) after methacrylamide functionalization, while hydrogel inks demonstrate good biocompatibility with top-seeded and encapsulated MC3T3 cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"670-678"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11733935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01373
Yufei Cao, Moujiang Zheng, Jiahong Shi, Jiale Si, Guopu Huang, Yuanyuan Ji, Yuzhu Hou, Zhishen Ge
{"title":"X-ray-Triggered Activation of Polyprodrugs for Synergistic Radiochemotherapy.","authors":"Yufei Cao, Moujiang Zheng, Jiahong Shi, Jiale Si, Guopu Huang, Yuanyuan Ji, Yuzhu Hou, Zhishen Ge","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01373","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy (XPDT) can penetrate deeply into the tumor tissues to overcome the disadvantage of conventional PDT. However, the therapeutic efficacy of XPDT in cancer therapy is still restricted due to the insufficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at a relatively low irradiation dosage. Herein, we present the tumor pH and ROS-responsive polyprodrug micelles to load the X-ray photosensitizer verteporfin (VP) as an ROS production enhancer. The block copolymer polyprodrug consisting of hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as well as the segments of thioketal-linked camptothecin (CPT) methacrylate (CPTKMA) and 2-(pentamethyleneimino)ethyl methacrylate (PEMA) (PEG-<i>b</i>-P(CPTKMA-<i>co</i>-PEMA)) can self-assemble into micelles in aqueous solution and encapsulate VP with a high loading efficiency of 67%. Inside tumor tissues, the zeta potential of the micelles can transform from neutral to positive for promoted cellular internalization under tumor acidity. Followed by X-ray irradiation at the dose of 4 Gy, efficient ROS generation in the presence of VP triggers CPT release. The VP-loaded polyprodrug micelles can finally ablate tumors efficiently via synergistic radiochemotherapy due to deep penetration of X-ray inside tumor tissues, ROS generation enhancement, and triggered CPT release. Consequently, this promising strategy represents a robust therapeutic modality for the enhanced radiochemotherapy of cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"579-590"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142890648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01538
Jingjing Ren, Bin Lyu, Dangge Gao, Yatong Fu, Jianzhong Ma
{"title":"High-Performance Triple-Network Hydrogels Derived from Chrome Leather Scraps: Ultrahigh Compressive Strength, Adhesion, and Self-Recovery.","authors":"Jingjing Ren, Bin Lyu, Dangge Gao, Yatong Fu, Jianzhong Ma","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01538","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of engineered hydrogels with high strength, self-recovery, and adhesion is essential for applications requiring resistance to large deformations and cyclic loading. Herein, a triple-network (TN) hydrogel with ultrahigh compressive strength, strong adhesion, and good self-recovery was constructed by using tannic acid-modified chrome leather scrap hydrolysate as the first network, polyacrylamide as the second network, and poly-2-propenamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid as the third network. The ultrahigh (70 MPa compressive strength and 95% compression deformation) TN hydrogels were effectively created, which is attributed to the synergy of the three networks. The TN hydrogels display adhesion (adhesion strength > 20 kPa) ascribed to the introduction of phenolic hydroxyl groups in tannic acid. Intriguingly, the TN hydrogels exhibit excellent self-recovery performance (93.6% dissipated energy recovery at 70 °C) and shape memory performance (restored to the original shape in 20 s). These properties are essential for the development of high-performance hydrogels and promote the resource utilization of leather waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"679-688"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-25DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01189
Aalaa K Moussa, Heba A Abd El-Rahman, Riham R Mohamed, Demiana H Hanna
{"title":"Hyaluronic Acid-Based pH-Sensitive Nanogel: Synthesis, Characterization, and Assessment for Acyclovir Delivery In Vitro and In Vivo.","authors":"Aalaa K Moussa, Heba A Abd El-Rahman, Riham R Mohamed, Demiana H Hanna","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01189","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acyclovir (ACV) is a potentially effective antiviral medication; however, it has a serious drawback, which is its poor solubility, bioavailability, and short half-life. The goal of this study is to improve its drawbacks through the synthesis of nanogels. In this study, the cross-linked hyaluronic acid-grafted poly(acrylamide-<i>co</i>-itaconic acid) nanogel is synthesized successfully through free radical polymerization and used as a safe pH-responsive carrier for ACV. The nanogels showed pH response in vitro and in vivo. The prepared nanogel C5 (1:1 ratio of acrylamide: itaconic), which had the highest grafting efficiency, showed maximum swelling, drug loading, and release in pH 7.4, higher than pH 1.2. Also, nanogel C5, which had a large surface area, showed good stability, and its matrices shrank in acidic medium and protected the drug, while in basic medium, it expanded and released ACV in a sustained manner and improved the bioavailability and half-life of ACV in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"341-362"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00975
Nicolas Deroose, Laurens Parmentier, Bart Devreese, Peter Dubruel
{"title":"Enhanced Tunability of Photo-Cross-Linkable Silk Sericins from <i>Bombyx mori</i>.","authors":"Nicolas Deroose, Laurens Parmentier, Bart Devreese, Peter Dubruel","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00975","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, silk sericin has emerged as a promising material for biomedical applications, especially in tissue engineering, where fine-tuning the physicochemical properties is crucial. However, previous studies, including those on the methacrylation of sericin (yielding SS-MA), showed limited tunability. Here, we developed a photo-cross-linkable sericin-based material modified with 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (AEMA) using two synthesis routes: sequential modification of SS-MA with AEMA (SS-MA-AEMA) and an efficient one-pot synthesis (SS-AEMA). The one-pot synthesis yielded materials containing only methacrylate groups, unlike the sequential modification that yielded a combination of methacrylamides and methacrylates. Our approach resulted in superior physicochemical properties. The resulting materials, including the previously described SS-MA, exhibited a broad range of properties, such as cross-linking kinetics (0.9-64.0 s), swelling behavior (311-3775%), and mechanical properties (10-140 kPa). These properties support applications across various tissues, from dermis to fibrous tissue. The materials also demonstrated fibroblast cytocompatibility with cell viabilities exceeding 96%.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"222-237"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01182
Laurens Parmentier, Sophie D'Haese, Louis Van der Meeren, Anna Szabó, Andre G Skirtach, Ruslan I Dmitriev, Janis Locs, Sandra Van Vlierberghe
{"title":"Mimicking the Bone Extracellular Matrix through a Calcium Phosphate-Containing Thiol-Ene Cross-Linked Gelatin Composite.","authors":"Laurens Parmentier, Sophie D'Haese, Louis Van der Meeren, Anna Szabó, Andre G Skirtach, Ruslan I Dmitriev, Janis Locs, Sandra Van Vlierberghe","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01182","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) nanoparticles were incorporated into a thiol-ene clickable gelatin network to elucidate to what extent osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp- and adipose-derived stem cells (HDPSCs/HASCs) could be further boosted. ACP nanoparticles increased the specific surface area by 23% and reduced the density by 13% while maintaining a comparable particle size (ACP: 25 ± 3 nm; HAP: 27 ± 3 nm). Overall, the incorporation of ceramic nanoparticles did not significantly alter the mechanical properties of the ceramic-containing composites compared to the unsubstituted thiol-ene network. ACP nanoparticles at high concentrations promoted a 21-day osteogenic response in HASCs (72.09 ± 20.20 ng Ca<sup>2+</sup>/ng DNA) comparable to HDPSCs, with the latter showing high calcium production irrespective of the ceramic content (78.45 ± 10.87 ng Ca<sup>2+</sup>/ng DNA), suggesting that the provided cues must be optimized according to the investigated cell type toward a cell-interactive coating application stimulating osteogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"332-340"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-16DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01146
Miguel Rosas, Cristiana F V Sousa, Ana Pereira, Adérito J R Amaral, Tamagno Pesqueira, Sónia G Patrício, Sara Fateixa, Helena I S Nogueira, João F Mano, Ana L Oliveira, João Borges
{"title":"Silk Sericin/Chitosan Supramolecular Multilayered Thin Films as Sustainable Cytocompatible Nanobiomaterials.","authors":"Miguel Rosas, Cristiana F V Sousa, Ana Pereira, Adérito J R Amaral, Tamagno Pesqueira, Sónia G Patrício, Sara Fateixa, Helena I S Nogueira, João F Mano, Ana L Oliveira, João Borges","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01146","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silk sericin (SS) has been widely discarded as a waste by the silk textile industry during the degumming process to obtain fibroin. However, in the past decade, an in-depth understanding of its properties and functions turned it into a high added-value biomaterial for biomedical applications. Herein, we report the molecular design and development of sustainable supramolecular multilayered nanobiomaterials encompassing SS and oppositely charged chitosan (CHT) through a combination of self-assembly and electrostatically driven layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technology. The successful buildup of SS/CHT multilayered nanobiomaterials was demonstrated by the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the nanofilms' wettable properties and nanofibrillar-like topography were shown by water contact angle, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. <i>In vitro</i> assays demonstrated the cytocompatibility of the LbL nanofilms toward human primary dermal fibroblasts, holding great promise as biofunctional nanocoatings for drug/therapeutics/cell delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"296-310"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01296
Gabriel Saenz, Brett H Pogostin, Carson C Cole, Anushka Agrawal, Danielle Chew-Martinez, Marija Dubackic, Antara Pal, Ulf Olsson, Kevin J McHugh, Jeffrey D Hartgerink
{"title":"Nanofibrous Peptide Hydrogels Leveraging Histidine to Modulate pH-Responsive Supramolecular Assembly and Antibody Release.","authors":"Gabriel Saenz, Brett H Pogostin, Carson C Cole, Anushka Agrawal, Danielle Chew-Martinez, Marija Dubackic, Antara Pal, Ulf Olsson, Kevin J McHugh, Jeffrey D Hartgerink","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, we investigate the pH-responsive behavior of multidomain peptide (MDP) hydrogels containing histidine. Small-angle X-ray scattering confirmed that MDP nanofibers sequester nonpolar residues into a hydrophobic core surrounded by a shell of hydrophilic residues. MDPs with histidine on the hydrophilic face formed nanofibers at all pH values tested, but the morphology of the fibers was influenced by the protonation state and the location of histidine in the MDP sequence. MDPs with histidine residues within the hydrophobic face disassemble below physiological pH and form nanofibers at higher pH. Taking advantage of their stimulus-triggered behavior, an anti-PD-1 antibody was loaded into histidine MDP hydrogels to examine pH-dependent differences in payload delivery in vitro. Hydrogels composed of MDPs with histidine on the hydrophilic face demonstrated pH-dependent payload retention. Additionally, they showed significantly slower antibody release and reduced antibody diffusion rates in vitro compared to MDP hydrogels lacking histidine.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":"26 1","pages":"490-502"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomacromoleculesPub Date : 2025-01-13Epub Date: 2024-12-08DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01199
Takumi Narita, Wen-Chuan Hsieh, Yu Tzu Ku, Yu-Chieh Su, Hiroki Inoguchi, Hiroyuki Takeno
{"title":"Fracture Behavior and Biocompatibility of Cellulose Nanofiber-Reinforced Poly(vinyl alcohol) Composite Hydrogels Cross-Linked with Borax.","authors":"Takumi Narita, Wen-Chuan Hsieh, Yu Tzu Ku, Yu-Chieh Su, Hiroki Inoguchi, Hiroyuki Takeno","doi":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01199","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the fracture behavior of cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels cross-linked with borax and the effect of freeze-thaw (FT) cycles on it. The CNF/PVA/Borax hydrogel not subjected to FT achieved a fracture energy of 5.8 kJ m<sup>-2</sup> and a dissipative length of 2.3 mm, comparable to those of tough hydrogels. Lacking either CNF or borax remarkably decreased the fracture energy and the dissipative length; CNF contributed to a physical blocking of the crack growth, whereas the complexations between CNF and borate yielded nonlocalization of energy dissipation. Repeated FT cycles markedly improved the mechanical performance of unnotched samples, but they decreased the fracture energy due to the lowering of the dissipative length. Besides, CNF/PVA/Borax hydrogels were suitable for cell scaffold materials. The culture of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) revealed a positive correlation between culture duration and the number of UC- MSCs adherent to the material.</p>","PeriodicalId":30,"journal":{"name":"Biomacromolecules","volume":" ","pages":"374-386"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}