Paramita Historical Studies Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Landscape Changes in Mento Toelakan Plantation, 1863-1950s","authors":"Dennys Pradita, Adi Putra Surya Wardhana","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.37888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.37888","url":null,"abstract":"This research studies the landscape change of Mento Toelakan Plantation in Wonogiri(Periode). Mento Toelakan was a private plantation located in the Duchy of Mangkunegaran. The existence of this plantation was a sign of the triumph of the liberal economic era. This research used a historical method, landscape, and environmental history approach. Several problems discussed were (1) the causes of the Mento Toelakan area experiencing the landscape change, (2) the forms of landscape change, and (3) the impact of the landscape change in Mento Toelakan Plantation Periode. The results showed that the landscape at the Mento Toelakan Plantation underwent landscape changes in several stages. The reason was the rented land by European investors and the political dynamics after the end of Dutch colonialism. First, land rent converted forest areas in Mento Toelakan into plantations. Second, coffee cultivation introduced the local society to coffee culture. Third, changing coffee plantations to agave plantations introduced the local community to natural fiber processing. Fourth, the Japanese military occupation used Mento Toelakan land for military purposes. Finally, the Mento Toelakan plantation was taken over by the village community to become dry land and rice fields in the independence era. This indicates that many factors, such as capitalism, politics, human activities, and nature itself, influenced the changing landscape of Mento Toelakan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan lanskap Perkebunan Mento Toelakan di Wonogiri 1863-1950-an. Mento Toelakan merupakan perkebunan swasta yang berada di wilayah Kadipaten Mangkunegaran. Keberadaan perkebunan ini menjadi tanda kejayaan era ekonomi liberal. Eksploitasi modal asing memengaruhi perubahan lanskap di wilayah Mento Toelakan, Wonogiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dan pendekatan lanskap dan sejarah lingkungan. Beberapa permasalahan yang dibahas adalah (1) penyebab area Mento Toelakan mengalami perubahan lanskap, (2) bentuk perubahan lanskap, (3) dan dampak perubahan lanskap Perkebunan Mento Toelakan 1863-1950-an(Periode) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lanskap di Perkebunan Mento Toelakan mengalami perubahan lanskap dalam beberapa tahap. Penyebabnya adalah penyewaan lahan oleh pemodal swasta dan dinamika politik pasca berakhirnya kolonialisme Belanda. Pertama, sewa tanah yang dilakukan pemodal swasta mengubah area hutan di Mento Toelakan menjadi perkebunan. Kedua, budidaya kopi mengenalkan masyarakat dengan budaya kopi. Ketiga, mengubah perkebunan kopi menjadi perkebunan agave telah mengenalkan masyarakat dengan pengolahan serat alam. Keempat, pemerintah militer Jepang memanfaatkan lahan untuk kepentingan militer. Terakhir, perkebunan Mento Toelakan diambil alih oleh masyarakat desa sehingga menjadi tanah-tanah tegalan dan sawah pada era kemerdekaan. Dengan demikian, perubahan lanskap Mento Toelakan dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, seperti kapitalisme, politik, ulah manusia, dan alam itu","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cosmopolitan Palembang: Palembang's Interconnection and Global Trade in 1900-1930","authors":"Farida Ratu Wargadalem, Diki Tri Apriansyah Putra, Wasino Wasino","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.45844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.45844","url":null,"abstract":"The interconnection and global trade developing interrelated regional linkages is an important phenomenon for modern developments, interestingly emphasizing historical context. This aligns with the historical context of Palembang, a region with long-establishing international relations and is considered a cosmopolitan city with global-scale connections toward the 20th century. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate Palembang's interconnection and global trade from 1900-1930, mainly emphasizing the exploration of worldwide networks and the transformation of the region as a cosmopolitan city. The analysis used a historical method with four stages: heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that Palembang experienced rapid progress after its export commodities, such as coffee, rubber, wood, tea, oil, coal, etc., were extensively traded in the world market. European investors and multinational companies, including Handelsvereeniging Amsterdam, Cultuurmaatschappij Indragiri, Straits Sunda Syndicate, etc., were also competing to open and expand their business in the city. This economic progress triggered the transformation of Palembang into a cosmopolitan city, promoting the impact of social change in the environment. Interkoneksi dan perdagangan global yang menimbulkan keterkaitan wilayah satu sama lain menjadi fenomena penting bagi perkembangan dunia saat ini. Tentu sangat menarik apabila interkoneksi dan perdagangan global dilihat dari konteks kesejarahan. Salah satu wilayah yang telah lama menjalin hubungan internasional adalah Palembang. Menjelang abad 20, Palembang hadir sebagai kota kosmopolitan dengan koneksi berskala global. Artikel ini membahas tentang interkoneksi dan perdagangan global Palembang tahun 1900-1930. Fokus utamanya adalah menelusuri jaringan perdagangan global serta transformasi Palembang sebagai kota kosmopolitan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan jaringan perdagangan global dan transformasi kota kosmopolitan di Palembang. Metode yang digunakan adalah sejarah dengan empat tahapan: heuristik, verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Palembang telah mengalami kemajuan pesat sejak komoditas ekspornya seperti kopi, karet, kayu, teh, minyak, batubara, dan lain-lain sangat laku di pasar dunia. Investor Eropa, dan perusahaan multinasional seperti Handelsvereeniging Amsterdam, Cultuurmaatschappij Indragiri, Straits Sunda Syndicate, dan lain-lain berlomba-lomba membuka, dan memperluas lahan bisnisnya di daerah ini. Kemajuan ekonomi ini memicu transformasi Palembang menjadi kota kosmopolitan. Serta membawa dampak perubahan sosial dalam masyarakat Palembang.","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic Cleansing of the Rohingyas: a Historical Analysis","authors":"Md. Abdus Samad","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.46697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.46697","url":null,"abstract":"The ethnic Rohingyas have been living in the Rakhine State of Myanmar for centuries. Significant human rights problems persisted throughout the 2010s, including rape, sexual violence, politically motivated arrests, and an overall lack of the rule of law. Myanmar’s citizenship law of 1982 made the ethnic Rohingyas stateless. They were displaced from their homes by systematic violence. Government security forces were allegedly responsible for extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detentions, torture, mistreatment in detention, and systematic denial of due process of fair trials. The paper argues that the Rohingya genocide has been created in the Rakhine state with the ethnic cleansing of the Rohingyas since 2012. Ethnic cleansing of the Rohingyas has become a regional and international concern, not just an internal affair of Myanmar. This study attempts to explain the atrocity committed against the Rohingyas in terms of ethnic cleansing In the Rakhine State. The study is conducted based on multiple sources combining primary and closely related secondary materials, archival documents, newspapers, policy reports and pamphlets and leaflets published by different government and non-government agents and civil societies followed by the qualitative method. A balanced approach of data gathering and analysis will be used and maintained, including an analysis of both official and unofficial documents. Structured observations of the time to time will be very critically analyzed. The study finally suggests ways to improve Rohingya lives and secure regional peace.Etnis Rohingya telah tinggal di Negara Bagian Rakhine, Myanmar selama berabad-abad. Masalah hak asasi manusia yang signifikan masih terjadi sepanjang tahun 2010an, termasuk pemerkosaan, kekerasan seksual, penangkapan bermotif politik, dan lemahnya supremasi hukum. Undang-undang kewarganegaraan Myanmar tahun 1982 membuat etnis Rohingya tidak memiliki kewarganegaraan. Mereka terusir dari rumah mereka karena kekerasan sistematis. Pasukan keamanan pemerintah diduga bertanggung jawab atas pembunuhan di luar proses hukum, penahanan sewenang-wenang, penyiksaan, penganiayaan dalam penahanan, dan penolakan sistematis terhadap proses peradilan yang adil. Makalah ini berargumen bahwa genosida Rohingya terjadi di negara bagian Rakhine melalui pembersihan etnis Rohingya sejak tahun 2012. Pembersihan etnis Rohingya telah menjadi perhatian regional dan internasional, bukan hanya urusan internal Myanmar. Penelitian ini mencoba menjelaskan kekejaman yang dilakukan terhadap etnis Rohingya dalam kaitannya dengan pembersihan etnis di Negara Bagian Rakhine. Studi ini dilakukan berdasarkan berbagai sumber yang menggabungkan bahan-bahan primer dan sekunder, dokumen arsip, surat kabar, laporan kebijakan dan pamflet serta selebaran yang diterbitkan oleh berbagai lembaga pemerintah dan non-pemerintah serta masyarakat sipil yang diikuti dengan metode kualitatif. Pendekatan yang seimbang dalam pengumpulan dan analisis data akan digu","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karo during the Revolution, 1945-1949","authors":"Arkini Sabrina, Budi Agustono, Nuhung Nuhung","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.39531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.39531","url":null,"abstract":"The people joyfully welcomed the proclamation of independence that echoed through Tanah Karo. However, the independence was tested by the arrival of Dutch colonialists who sought to re-establish themselves. This study aims to explain the emergence of the nationalism movement in Tanah Karo and the development of the idea of nationalism during the revolutionary period that filled the movement. This research uses the historical method, which consists of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The sources used are archival documents, interviews, contemporary newspapers, and other sources relevant to this study. The results showed that the emergence of the nationalism movement was brought by Karo intellectuals who were members of the PNI. They came from economically well-established families and studied in Medan. The youth from Karo played an essential role in building the spirit of nationalism as a driving force in the people's struggle against the Dutch colonialists who sought to regain power. The transmission of the idea of nationalism was brought to Tanah Karo through media in the form of writings, speeches, training, learning and other things that aroused the passion of the people's resistance. Meanwhile, in the dynamics of the movement carried out through the spread of ideas of nationalism, there was a conflict between the ranks of the struggle, which could then be reduced by strategizing the struggle because there was a fear that the enemy would use the atmosphere.Proklamasi kemerdekaan menggema hingga ke Tanah Karo disambut rakyat dengan gembira namun sebagai upaya mempertahankan kemerdekaan dengan kedatangan kolonial Belanda yang ingin berkuasa. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kemunculan pergerakan dan berkembangnya gagasan nasionalisme di Tanah Karo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Sumber yang digunakan adalah sumber arsip, dokumen, wawancara, surat kabar sezaman, dan yang relevan dengan studi ini. Hasil penelitian yakni kemunculan pergerakan nasionalisme dibawa oleh kaum intelektual Karo. Mereka berasal dari keluarga yang mapan secara ekonomi dan menempuh pendidikan di Medan. Peran para pemuda Karo dalam membangun semangat nasionalisme sebagai motor penggerak perjuangan rakyat dalam menghempang kolonial Belanda yang ingin berkuasa kembali. Transmisi gagasan nasionalisme dibawa melalui media-media berupa tulisan, pidato, pelatihan, pembelajaran dan hal lainnya yang membangkitkan gairah perlawanan rakyat. Sementara itu dinamika pergerakan yang dilakukan melalui penyebaran ide-ide nasionalisme sempat menuai konflik antar barisan perjuangan yang kemudian dapat diredam dengan menyusun strategi perjuangan, hal ini karena terdapat rasa khawatir suasana tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh musuh.","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncertainty and Managing Randomness: The First Documented Cholera Epidemic in Bombay City and Presidency, 1818-1821","authors":"Vivek Neelakantan","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i2.45271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i2.45271","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1817 and 1821, the Indian subcontinent was devastated by a series of cholera outbreaks that have subsequently been referred to as the beginning of the First Cholera Pandemic. Although the history of the First Cholera Pandemic has received some scholarly attention, historians tend to overlook the local features of the pandemic in favor of the broader colonial context. In this article, the author contends that the official response to the epidemic in Bombay city and presidency (1818-1821) was initially ameliorative, including recruiting native medical assistants to administer treatment. Such a measure was calculated to cultivate a benevolent image of the colonial government among local inhabitants. Despite considerable nosological and etiological disagreements, members of the Bombay Medical Board characterized cholera as a social disease. Unlike cholera epidemics in the latter half of the nineteenth century, the first cholera epidemic in the Bombay presidency did little to exacerbate antagonism towards the colonial government for two reasons. First, the British power in India was still at its formative stage. Second, both in India and England, cholera was associated with the derangement of bodily humors. On the contrary, the epidemic provided a stimulus to intracommunal discord. Antara tahun 1817 dan 1821, anak benua India dilanda serangkaian wabah kolera yang kemudian disebut sebagai awal dari Pandemi Kolera Pertama. Meskipun sejarah Pandemi Kolera Pertama telah mendapat perhatian ilmiah, para sejarawan cenderung mengabaikan ciri-ciri lokal dari pandemi ini dan lebih memilih konteks kolonial yang lebih luas. Dalam artikel ini, penulis berpendapat bahwa tanggapan resmi terhadap epidemi di kota dan wilayah kepresidenan Bombay (1818-1821) pada awalnya bersifat perbaikan, termasuk merekrut asisten medis pribumi untuk memberikan pengobatan. Tindakan seperti itu diperhitungkan untuk menumbuhkan citra baik pemerintah kolonial di kalangan penduduk setempat. Meskipun ada perbedaan pendapat nosologis dan etiologis, anggota Dewan Medis Bombay menggolongkan kolera sebagai penyakit sosial. Berbeda dengan epidemi kolera pada paruh kedua abad ke-19, epidemi kolera yang pertama pada masa kepresidenan Bombay tidak banyak memperburuk antagonisme terhadap pemerintah kolonial karena dua alasan. Pertama, kekuatan Inggris di India masih dalam tahap pembentukan. Kedua, baik di India maupun Inggris, kolera dikaitkan dengan gangguan humor tubuh. Sebaliknya, epidemi ini memberikan stimulus terhadap perselisihan antar masyarakat.","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of The Discursive Gap in the Ideas and Practices of Musyawarah Mufakat in the Indonesian Nation-State Formation, 1900-1980s","authors":"Agus Suwignyo, Rhoma Dwi Aria Yuliantri","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i1.41514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i1.41514","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to examine the existing studies on the Indonesian deliberative mechanism of decision making, musyawarah-mufakat (MM), in the frame of nation-state formation. The 17th of August, 1945 construction of the Indonesian nation-state was based on traditional values despite its modelling of the European modern states by way of colonial legacies. This paper argues that, although scholarly attentions to revisit the ideas and practices of MM have developed very vast over the past four decades, the transformation of MM as a state mechanism has been touched in passing. Consequently, there was a discursive gap in the ideas and practices of MM. By analyzing recent studies on MM and by employing a historical method to explore daily newspapers and official documents published between 1900 and 1980s, this paper shows that the collective nature of MM did represent the taming of the political masses that overrode an individual’s sense of citizenship. Given the notion of unity, the making of MM a state ideology promoted the type of citizenship that had to work contingently with the ideological undertones of the ruling regimes. The Gesellschaft nature of the state enforced a unity as an individual’s social duty, whereas the Gemeinschaft nature of MM promoted a unity as a personal initiative, hence an ambivalence. Nevertheless, the dynamics of people’s citizenship in the practice of MM has become qualitatively compelling over time. Keywords: musyawarah mufakat, citizenship, state formation, Indonesia, twentieth century.Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tentang mekanisme pengambilan keputusan di Indonesia, yakni musyawarah-mufakat (MM), dalam rangka pembentukan negara-bangsa. Pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945 pembangunan negara-bangsa Indonesia didasarkan pada nilai-nilai tradisional meski mengadaptasi model negara-negara Eropa modern karena warisan kolonial. Tulisan ini berpendapat bahwa meskipun perhatian ilmiah untuk meninjau kembali gagasan dan praktik MM telah berkembang pesat selama empat dekade terakhir, transformasi MM sebagai mesin negara telah disentuh secara sepintas. Dengan menganalisis studi terbaru tentang MM dan menggunakan metode historis untuk mengeksplorasi surat kabar harian dan dokumen resmi yang diterbitkan antara tahun 1900 dan 1980-an, tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa sifat kolektif MM mewakili penjinakan massa politik yang mengesampingkan rasa kewarganegaraan individu. Mengingat gagasan persatuan, menjadikan MM sebagai ideologi negara yang mempromosikan jenis kewarganegaraan yang harus bekerja secara kontinyu dengan nada ideologis rezim yang berkuasa. Sifat Gesellschaft dari persatuan yang dipaksakan oleh negara sebagai tugas sosial individu, sedangkan sifat Gemeinschaft dari MM mempromosikan persatuan sebagai inisiatif pribadi, karenanya menjadi ambivalensi. Namun demikian, dinamika kewarganegaraan dalam praktik MM menjadi menarik secara kualitatif dari waktu ke waktu.Kata kunci: musyawarah mufakat, kewarganegaraan, pembentuk","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42521335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public History of Chinese-Javanese Harmony in Yogyakarta for History Learning with Diversity Insights","authors":"Hendra Kurniawan, N. Supriatna, A. Mulyana, Leli Yulifar","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i1.35720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i1.35720","url":null,"abstract":"History learning is often still dominated by mainstream material in textbooks. Local historical studies, such as Chinese-Javanese relations in Yogyakarta, have yet to be accommodated. For this reason, this study formulates the construction of history learning about Chinese-Javanese harmony in Yogyakarta in the context of utilizing public history. This qualitative research uses library methods to identify history learning sources about Chinese-Javanese relations in Yogyakarta. Furthermore, with the critical theory paradigm, the construction of history learning with the perspective of diversity regarding Chinese-Javanese harmony in Yogyakarta is formulated that can be applied in the classroom. As a result, it was found that the existence of the Chinatown area, inscriptions at the Yogyakarta Palace, kelenteng (temples), wayang Cina-Jawa or Wacinwa (Chinese-Javanese puppets), and local cuisine can be a source of learning the history of Chinese-Javanese harmony in Yogyakarta. These learning sources have the potential to be studied in the space of public history, so history learning can be constructed by encouraging students to produce public historical works in digital form through social media so that they can be widely enjoyed. Constructing history learning like this can contribute to building diverse discourses in society to strengthen national integration.Keywords: Chinese, Yogyakarta, public history, history learning, diversity.Pembelajaran sejarah kerap masih didominasi materi arus utama dalam buku teks. Kajian sejarah lokal seperti relasi Tionghoa-Jawa di Yogyakarta belum terakomodasi. Untuk itu, penelitian ini merumuskan konstruksi pembelajaran sejarah tentang keharmonisan Tionghoa-Jawa di Yogyakarta dalam konteks pemanfaatan sejarah publik. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan untuk mengindentifikasi sumber-sumber belajar sejarah tentang relasi Tionghoa-Jawa di Yogyakarta. Selanjutnya dengan paradigma teori kritis dirumuskan konstruksi pembelajaran sejarah berwawasan kebinekaan mengenai keharmonisan Tionghoa-Jawa di Yogyakarta yang dapat diterapkan di kelas. Hasilnya didapati bahwa keberadaan kawasan Pecinan, prasasti-prasasti di Keraton Yogyakarta, kelenteng, wayang Cina Jawa (Wacinwa), dan kuliner lokal dapat menjadi sumber belajar sejarah keharmonisan Tionghoa-Jawa di Yogyakarta. Sumber-sumber belajar tersebut berpotensi untuk dikaji dalam ruang sejarah publik, maka pembelajaran sejarah dapat dikonstruksi dengan mendorong siswa menghasilkan karya sejarah publik dalam bentuk digital melalui media sosial sehingga dapat dinikmati secara luas. Konstruksi pembelajaran sejarah seperti ini dapat berkontribusi membangun wacana kebinekaan di tengah masyarakat untuk menguatkan integrasi bangsa.Kata kunci: Tionghoa, Yogyakarta, sejarah publik, pembelajaran sejarah, kebinekaan.","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45993842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese Commercial Audacity: Trade Conditions, Boycotts, and Legal Strife in Late Colonial Indonesia","authors":"A. Claver","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i1.41643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i1.41643","url":null,"abstract":"Towards the end of the nineteenth-century Chinese commercial penetration of colonial Java’s interior was held responsible for all economic and social wrongdoings. Chinese entrepreneurs responded to deteriorating sentiments and circumstances with increasing assertiveness towards the colonial government and/or its commercial establishment. Aware of their crucial economic position within the colony, they turned their organizational skills and aptitude in legal matters into the formidable weapon of trade boycotts. These boycotts are examples of a Chinese collective agency in which individual entrepreneurs pooled their knowledge, skills, and resources and acted in concert to shape their future. Chinese traders’ capacity to act forcefully in their given – unfriendly – environment undercuts the persistent tendency to objectify colonial actors excluded from political power. However, far from being passive and reacting objects, these entrepreneurs actively engaged (individually and collectively) with colonial (legal) power structures, displaying purposeful, goal-directed activity along the way. How to account for this uncharacteristically visible conduct? This paper seeks to answer the question by zooming in on the functions of trade in general and, second, late colonial conditions under which trade was conducted in the Netherlands Indies. It is argued that the Chinese trader’s room for manoeuvre stemmed from a unique combination of systemic functions and historical conditions. A combination that provided the Chinese trading community with the necessary (legal) loopholes to act upon enabled the transformation of collective agency into forceful trading boycotts.Keywords: commercial penetration, commercial audacity, Boycotts, Legal Strife, late colonial IndonesiaMenjelang akhir abad ke-19, penetrasi komersial Cina ke pedalaman Jawa kolonial dianggap bertanggung jawab atas semua kesalahan ekonomi dan sosial. Pengusaha Tionghoa menanggapi sentimen dan keadaan yang memburuk dengan meningkatkan ketegasan terhadap pemerintah kolonial dan/atau pendirian komersialnya. Sadar akan posisi ekonomi mereka yang penting di dalam koloni, mereka mengubah keterampilan organisasi dan bakat mereka dalam masalah hukum menjadi senjata boikot perdagangan yang tangguh. Boikot ini adalah contoh agen kolektif China di mana pengusaha individu mengumpulkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan sumber daya mereka dan bertindak bersama untuk membentuk masa depan mereka. Kapasitas para pedagang Cina untuk bertindak secara paksa dalam lingkungan mereka yang tidak ramah melemahkan kecenderungan yang terus-menerus untuk mengobjektifkan aktor-aktor kolonial yang dikucilkan dari kekuasaan politik. Namun, jauh dari objek yang pasif dan bereaksi, pengusaha ini secara aktif terlibat (secara individu dan kolektif) dengan struktur kekuasaan (hukum) kolonial, menampilkan aktivitas yang bertujuan dan diarahkan pada tujuan di sepanjang jalan. Bagaimana menjelaskan perilaku yang terlihat tidak seperti biasa","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48636031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Existence of Women Diamond Miners in Pumpung, South Kalimantan, XX-XXI Century","authors":"Wisnu Subroto, M. Prawitasari, Muhammad Rezky Noor Handy","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i1.39213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i1.39213","url":null,"abstract":"The stereotypes of people in rural and urban areas since the days of the kingdoms in the archipelago until the early days of Indonesian independence show a dichotomy of work between women and men. However, since Indonesia was in the New Order era, this stereotype began to fade, and there was a process of equality between women and men in all fields. In South Kalimantan, women started working in traditional mines, especially the diamond mine in Pumpung, Sungai Tiung Village, Cempaka District, Banjarbaru City. The data were collected and arranged chronologically according to the time of the incident by way of interviews and searching for documents or archives stored as records. The research results chronologically describe the journey of women's struggle through its historical process interestingly. The existence of women being equal to men continues to this day in the traditional diamond mining sector in Pumpung, Banjarbaru. Women began to work in jobs that required solid physical stamina to show that they were as capable as men in the work they had been doing for a long time, especially those recorded in the XX-XXI centuries. In conclusion, the role of women can no longer be underestimated, which is only as a housewife. Here the role of women becomes double; apart from being housewives, they are also partners equal to men.Keywords: Diamond miners, female miners, South Kalimantan Stereotip masyarakat dipedesaan maupun diperkotaan sejak zaman kerajaan-kerajaan di nusantara sampai zaman awal kemerdekaan Indonesia menunjukkan dikotomi pekerjaan antara perempuan dan laki-laki. Akan tetapi, sejak Indonesia di masa orde baru, stereotip ini mulai pudar dan terjadi proses kesetaraan antara perempuan dan laki-laki dalam segala bidang. Di Kalimantan Selatan, perempuan mulai bekerja di tambang tradisional khususnya tambang intan di Pumpung Kelurahan Sungai Tiung, Kecamatan Cempaka, Kota Banjarbaru. Data-data dikumpulkan dan disusun secara kronologis sesuai waktu kejadian dengan cara wawancara, dan pencarian dokumen atau arsip yang disimpan seperti catatan. Hasil penelitian secara kronologis menggambarkan secara menarik perjalanan perjuangan perempuan melalui proses menyejarahnya. Eksistensi perempuan untuk setara dengan kaum laki-laki terus berlanjut sampai sekarang ini di bidang penambangan intan secara tradisional yang ada di pumpung, Banjarbaru. Pekerjaan yang memerlukan stamina fisik yang kuat mulai digeluti kaum perempuan untuk menunjukkan bahwa mereka mampu seperti kaum laki-laki pekerjaan yang mereka geluti dari lama terutama yang terekam pada abad ke XX-XXI. Kesimpulannya peran perempuan tidak bisa lagi dipandang sebelah mata, yang hanya sebagai ibu rumah tangga. Disini peran perempuan menjadi ganda, selain sebagai ibu rumah tangga juga menjadi mitra kerja yang setara dengan kaum laki-laki.Kata Kunci: Penambang intan, Perempuan penambang intan, Kalimantan Selatan.","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46181981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pan-Islamism and Response to the Collapse of Ottoman Turks in the Dutch East Indies","authors":"A. Prayogi","doi":"10.15294/paramita.v33i1.36343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v33i1.36343","url":null,"abstract":"This article was written against the backdrop of the position of the Ottoman Turks, which historically had a significant influence on Muslims in the Dutch East Indies. The Muslims of the Dutch East Indies saw that the Ottoman Turks were their political and spiritual representatives. Thus, this article aims to find out the background and response of the Muslims of the Dutch East Indies when the Ottoman Empire was overthrown and replaced with the Republic of Turks. This article used historical research methods with stages in heuristics, criticism/verification, interpretation, and historiography. The data is used as primary data taken from various contemporary mass media reports and secondary data. From the results of the analysis, it is known that the collapse of the Ottoman Turks on 3 March 1924 was responded to by the Muslims of the Dutch East Indies with efforts to revitalize the caliphate through efforts to carry out congresses/meetings, the formation of committees/special agencies and the publication of mass media. The changing image of Turks in the eyes of the Muslim population of the Dutch East Indies eventually contributed to the emergence of new discourses, especially regarding the relationship between Islam and the state in the context of searching for the format of an independent state for Indonesia in the future. This discourse has yet to end in Indonesia and is still experiencing dynamics. Keywords: Pan Islam, Khilafah, Turks, Dutch East Indies, IslamArtikel ini ditulis dengan latar belakang posisi Turki Utsmani yang secara historis memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap umat Islam di Hindia Belanda. Umat Islam Hindia Belanda melihat bahwa Turki Usmani adalah perwakilan politik dan spiritual mereka. Maka dari itu, artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui latar belakang dan respon umat Islam Hindia Belanda ketika Kesultanan Utsmaniyah digulingkan dan diganti dengan Republik Turki. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah dengan tahapan heuristik, kritik/verifikasi, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Data yang digunakan sebagai data primer diambil dari berbagai pemberitaan media massa kontemporer dan data sekunder. Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa runtuhnya Turki Utsmani pada tanggal 3 Maret 1924 ditanggapi oleh umat Islam Hindia Belanda dengan upaya merevitalisasi khilafah melalui upaya melakukan kongres/pertemuan, pembentukan panitia/badan khusus dan publikasi media massa. Berubahnya citra orang Turki di mata penduduk Muslim Hindia Belanda akhirnya turut melahirkan wacana baru, khususnya mengenai hubungan Islam dan negara dalam rangka pencarian format negara merdeka bagi Indonesia di Indonesia. masa depan. Wacana ini belum berakhir di Indonesia dan masih mengalami dinamika.Kata kunci: Pan Islam, Khilafah, Turki, Hindia Belanda, Islam","PeriodicalId":30724,"journal":{"name":"Paramita Historical Studies Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46813705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}