Pharmacy最新文献_第2页

Implementing a Functional Group Analysis Activity to Support Student Learning in Medicinal Chemistry: A Three-Year Experience. 实施官能团分析活动以支持学生药物化学学习：三年经验。

IF 1.8

Pharmacy Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy13050126

Ansel Belani, Jitendra D Belani

{"title":"Implementing a Functional Group Analysis Activity to Support Student Learning in Medicinal Chemistry: A Three-Year Experience.","authors":"Ansel Belani, Jitendra D Belani","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy13050126","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy13050126","url":null,"abstract":"Many pharmacy students begin medicinal chemistry with limited experience in chemical structure interpretation and reactivity patterns, making it difficult to connect foundational concepts to real-world drug behavior. We introduced a low-stakes functional group analysis activity that included peer discussion and a follow-up quiz to improve learning and reduce student anxiety. We studied the impact of this activity by comparing Exam 1 scores across three cohorts: one before the activity (2022) and two after implementation (2023 and 2024). The average Exam 1 scores improved in the post-intervention years, and while the overall difference across cohorts did not reach statistical significance, post hoc analysis revealed a significant improvement between the 2022 and 2024 cohorts. The students who engaged more deeply, especially those who performed well on the quiz, consistently earned higher exam scores, with strong positive correlations observed in both years. These results suggest that simple, low-stakes activities that focus on core concepts can promote engagement and support student success, even in challenging, content-heavy courses like medicinal chemistry.","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do PCSK9 Inhibitors Impair Memory? A Dual Approach Combining Real-World Data and Genetic Evidence. PCSK9抑制剂会损害记忆吗？结合真实世界数据和遗传证据的双重方法。

IF 1.8

Pharmacy Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy13050125

Xuezhong Shi, Shijia Wang, Yongli Yang, Xudong Xia, Jingwen Fan, Jingjing Wang, Nana Wang, Xiaocan Jia

{"title":"Do PCSK9 Inhibitors Impair Memory? A Dual Approach Combining Real-World Data and Genetic Evidence.","authors":"Xuezhong Shi, Shijia Wang, Yongli Yang, Xudong Xia, Jingwen Fan, Jingjing Wang, Nana Wang, Xiaocan Jia","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy13050125","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy13050125","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging evidence suggested a potential link between lipid-lowering therapies and neurocognitive effects, raising concerns regarding the possible adverse impact of PCSK9 inhibitors on memory loss. We extracted adverse events associated with memory loss for PCSK9 inhibitors from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), covering the period from the first quarter (Q1) of 2022 to Q1 of 2025. Reporting odds ratio (ROR), Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), empirical Bayesian geometric mean (EBGM), and information component (IC) were used for pharmacovigilance analysis. Drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) was utilized to assess the causal association between PCSK9 inhibitors and memory loss. A total of 389 occurrences of memory loss associated with PCSK9 inhibitors were recorded among 388 patients. In the pharmacovigilance analysis, memory loss did not show a significant signal for PCSK9 inhibitors in both the full dataset [ROR (95% CI): 0.79 (0.72, 0.88); PRR = 0.79, χ2 = 20.64; EBGM05 = 0.73; IC025 = -2.00] and the lipid-lowering targets dataset [ROR (95%CI): 0.59 (0.53, 0.66); PRR = 0.59, χ2 = 95.33; EBGM05 = 0.59; IC025 = -2.30]. The drug target MR revealed no causal association between PCSK9 inhibitors and memory loss (p < 0.05). The present study failed to establish a causal relationship between PCSK9 inhibitors and memory loss. By providing both real-world and genetic evidence, our findings might help alleviate concerns and support the notion that PCSK9 inhibitors were relatively safe regarding memory function.","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Empowering Pharmacists in Heartburn Management: Practical Insights for OTC Treatment and Self-Care. 授权药师在胃灼热管理：实际见解的OTC治疗和自我保健。

IF 1.8

Pharmacy Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy13050124

Mary Barna Bridgeman, Ashok Hospattankar, Kamran Siddiqui, Nardine Nakhla

{"title":"Empowering Pharmacists in Heartburn Management: Practical Insights for OTC Treatment and Self-Care.","authors":"Mary Barna Bridgeman, Ashok Hospattankar, Kamran Siddiqui, Nardine Nakhla","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy13050124","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy13050124","url":null,"abstract":"Heartburn is a prevalent and frequently self-managed condition, with a myriad of over-the-counter (OTC) treatment options available for self-care. The potential for misinterpretation of drug labels and improper OTC medication selection may result in inadequate treatment, potential drug interactions, as well as medication overuse, misuse, or delay in seeking treatment for a more serious health condition. As highly accessible healthcare professionals, pharmacists play a crucial role in validating self-diagnoses, in guiding appropriate OTC medication selection and use, and in educating patients on both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management strategies for heartburn. It is essential for pharmacists to remain informed about the latest developments in disease management and treatment options. This narrative review provides an updated perspective on the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations associated with heartburn while underscoring the expanding role of pharmacists in patient care. This review includes a structured assessment framework and clinical management algorithm designed to enhance pharmacists' ability to identify red flag symptoms, optimize OTC medication use, and facilitate timely referrals when necessary. By incorporating evidence-based guidance with patient-centered counseling, pharmacists can enhance treatment outcomes, optimize, medication use, promote adherence, and ensure safer self-care practices. As self-medication trends and the role of pharmacists evolves, this review offers a comprehensive resource to equip pharmacists with the latest knowledge and practical tools for optimizing heartburn management and promoting patient safety.","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuraxial Anesthesia and Cancer Recurrence Following Prostatectomy: Thinking Outside the Box. 轴向麻醉与前列腺切除术后癌症复发：跳出框框思考。

IF 1.8

Pharmacy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy13050120

Maria P Ntalouka, Panagiotis J Vlachostergios, Metaxia Bareka, Konstantinos Dimitropoulos, Anastasia Michou, Ioannis Zachos, Aikaterini Bouzia, Ecaterina Scarlatescu, Vassilios Tzortzis, Eleni M Arnaoutoglou

{"title":"Neuraxial Anesthesia and Cancer Recurrence Following Prostatectomy: Thinking Outside the Box.","authors":"Maria P Ntalouka, Panagiotis J Vlachostergios, Metaxia Bareka, Konstantinos Dimitropoulos, Anastasia Michou, Ioannis Zachos, Aikaterini Bouzia, Ecaterina Scarlatescu, Vassilios Tzortzis, Eleni M Arnaoutoglou","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy13050120","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy13050120","url":null,"abstract":"Radical prostatectomy is the standard of care for the treatment of early, clinically localized prostate cancer (PC). In addition to known clinical prognosticators, perioperative conditions and the type of anesthesia may affect clinical outcomes through several mechanisms that favor a tumor-propagating state, including activation of the sympathetic system, increased opioid requirements, and inflammation. In this review, we provide an overview of the impact of the perioperative period on PC prognosis and patient outcomes. A non-systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the possible association between neuraxial anesthesia and outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer. The following keywords were used: \"cancer recurrence\" OR \"cancer prognosis\" OR \"metastasis\" AND \"neuraxial anesthesia\" AND \"prostate cancer\". Eligible studies were summarized in the form of a narrative review. In the era of limited use of ERAS protocols, the implementation of neuraxial anesthesia was found to reduce mortality after RP for primary prostate cancer when compared to general anesthesia. Although there was no significant association between anesthetic technique and radiological or biochemical-free survival, regional anesthesia may have an impact on short-term survival in patients with severe comorbidities, involving pulmonary complications and thrombosis. The effect of anesthetic technique on PC patient outcomes remains elusive, although preliminary retrospective evidence suggests a possible positive effect of neuraxial anesthesia on patient outcomes. As the perioperative period is considered a vulnerable timeframe for these patients, the role of the leadership dyad of surgeon and onco-anesthesiologist is crucial.","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmacy Students' Experience of an Inaugural Lecture on Intercultural Competence. 药学学生对跨文化能力讲座的体验。

IF 1.8

Pharmacy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy13050122

Atta Abbas Naqvi, Merhawi Samsom, Lucy Watson, Hung Nguyen

{"title":"Pharmacy Students' Experience of an Inaugural Lecture on Intercultural Competence.","authors":"Atta Abbas Naqvi, Merhawi Samsom, Lucy Watson, Hung Nguyen","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy13050122","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy13050122","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pharmacy schools in the United Kingdom (UK) are required by the regulator to train pharmacy students to be culturally competent. To meet this requirement, the Reading School of Pharmacy (RSoP) incorporated an inaugural, stand-alone, introductory session on intercultural competency. This study aimed to gather students' experiences of the lecture. Methods: A qualitative study documented the experiences of students in Years 2 and 3 of the Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) at the RSoP from 15 September to 31 December 2023. Semi-structured interviews were conducted online via Microsoft Teams®. A demographic form was prepared and sent as an online survey link on the Online Surveys® platform. All eligible students were invited to participate in the study via student mailing lists. An interview guide was prepared. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes related to students' awareness, the perceived importance of the subject in healthcare, and students' preferred learning methods. The transcripts were coded, and similar codes were grouped to form sub-themes and themes. The study was approved by a research ethics committee. Results: A total of 11 students attended the interviews. Three major themes emerged: (1) awareness of and reflection on cultural competence, (2) understanding cultural competence and its importance, and (3) student-preferred pedagogy. The students suggested incorporating workshops and simulation-based assessments. Conclusions: MPharm pharmacy students at the RSoP appear to be receptive to new educational interventions aimed at enhancing cultural competence. They prefer practice-based learning and assessment methods when it comes to developing this skill.","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validation of the Sensal Health MyAide^TM Smart Dock Medication Adherence Device. 感官健康MyAideTM智能码头药物依从设备的验证。

IF 1.8

Pharmacy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy13050123

David Wallace, Sourab Ganna, Rajender R Aparasu

{"title":"Validation of the Sensal Health MyAideTM Smart Dock Medication Adherence Device.","authors":"David Wallace, Sourab Ganna, Rajender R Aparasu","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy13050123","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy13050123","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Electronic monitoring adherence devices (EAMDs) are increasingly being utilized in various healthcare settings to track medication adherence.Objective: To determine the accuracy of the Sensal Health MyAide™ Smart Doc in capturing dose removal from the vial, specifically the time of dose removal and the number of pills removed for each actuation of the device.Methods: This validation study compares the device's recording of dose withdrawals from a prescription vial by simulated patients against reference documentation reported using MS Forms by the participants. Three participants completed a 4-day study consisting of two non-consecutive 1 h sessions per day encompassing six actuations from the prescription vial to be captured by the Sensal Health MyAide™ Smart Dock after their informed consent was obtained. Statistical analysis included percent agreement and Cohen's kappa assessing agreement between user-reported data and electronic measurement data recorded by the MyAide™ Smart Dock. Outcome measures included confirmation of the specific user, time of dose removal (±1 min), and the number of pills withdrawn.Results: Three subjects were recruited to provide data for a total of 144 actuations. The study found perfect 100% agreement across the number of pills withdrawn and specific users withdrawing the pills and 99% agreement for the time of administration. The Cohen's kappa values for the outcome measures were 1.00 (95%CI [1.00, 1.00]) for the number of pills dispensed and specific user and 0.993 (95%CI [0.990, 0.996]) for the time of administration.Conclusions: This study found that the Sensal Health MyAide™ Smart Dock can accurately record the time of administration, the number of pills dispensed, and the identity of the user dispensing the pills.","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing Pharmacy Costs of Intravenous Push Controlled Substance Waste in Hospital-Based Areas: A Multi-Site Study. 评估以医院为基础的地区静脉注射管制物质浪费的药房费用：一项多地点研究。

IF 1.8

Pharmacy Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy13050121

John Hertig, Les Louden, Blake Shay, Armando Soto, Thi Doan, Zach Gross

{"title":"Assessing Pharmacy Costs of Intravenous Push Controlled Substance Waste in Hospital-Based Areas: A Multi-Site Study.","authors":"John Hertig, Les Louden, Blake Shay, Armando Soto, Thi Doan, Zach Gross","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy13050121","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy13050121","url":null,"abstract":"Intravenous push (IVP) administration of controlled substances in hospital settings presents operational challenges related to medication waste, documentation, and diversion risk. This multi-site observational study aimed to quantify the pharmacy workforce time and associated costs linked to IVP waste management across a 16-hospital health system in Southwest Florida. Data were collected from over 4400 controlled substance transactions involving fentanyl, midazolam, hydromorphone, morphine, ketamine, and lorazepam. Methods included automated transaction analysis, manual chart reviews, and software-based compliance case evaluations. Results indicated patterns of partial dose waste, particularly for midazolam (85.2%) and hydromorphone (78.8%), and identified opportunities where documentation efforts could be further optimized through automation. Manual review of 333 incidents required an average of 6 min and 43 s per case, extrapolating to over 496 h of quarterly pharmacy labor or nearly 1985 h annually. Software-based case reviews added another 32 h per quarter or 130 h annually. Additionally, waste receptacle systems incurred over USD 1.1 million in capital costs and USD 322,500 in annual maintenance, with technician labor contributing further operational burden. These findings underscore the resource demands of IVP waste management and support the need for standardized dosing, enhanced documentation workflows, and pharmacy-led interventions to improve efficiency and reduce diversion risk.","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Perceptions of Undergraduate Pharmacy Students' Communication Skills to Facilitate Better Professional Decision-Making in the UK. 探索本科药学学生的沟通技巧的看法，以促进更好的专业决策在英国。

IF 1.8

Pharmacy Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy13050117

Aadesh Dave, Sukvinder Kaur Bhamra

{"title":"Exploring the Perceptions of Undergraduate Pharmacy Students' Communication Skills to Facilitate Better Professional Decision-Making in the UK.","authors":"Aadesh Dave, Sukvinder Kaur Bhamra","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy13050117","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy13050117","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pharmacy professionals have an important role in delivering patient-centred care, with effective communication skills forming the foundation of interactions with patients. This study aimed to explore how pharmacy students perceived their own communication skills; along with the communication skills education and training experiences in their undergraduate pharmacy degree in the UK. Methods: A 22-item questionnaire was designed and piloted before being distributed online. Snowball sampling was employed to recruit participants undertaking an undergraduate pharmacy degree. Quantitative statistical and qualitative thematic analysis was conducted. Results: A range of pharmacy schools were represented in the data set (n = 10) with 217 responses collected. Participants rated their communication skills highly (53.03%, n = 114), but stated they still required improvement (79.72%, n = 173). A proportion of participants stated that they could appropriately make professional decisions (52.08%, n = 100) and that their communication skills had facilitated their professional decision-making skills (57.89%, n = 110). Effective teaching methods reported included role play with peers (80%, n = 156) and small-group teaching sessions (64.10%, n = 125). Participants felt that interprofessional education and simulated patients could help improve their communication skills further. Conclusions: Communication education is a crucial element in developing future healthcare professionals. Thus, investment in resources is required to facilitate communication skills in the earlier stages of the undergraduate pharmacy degree.","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of a Community Pharmacist-Led Intervention Program for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: A Multicenter, Non-Randomized Comparative Study. 社区药剂师主导的干预项目对二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂胃肠道不良事件早期检测的评估：一项多中心、非随机比较研究。

IF 1.8

Pharmacy Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy13050119

Ayana Funabashi, Hitoshi Ito, Mamoru Maeda, Yoshitaka Hasegawa, Ryota Tsukioka, Mitsuko Onda

{"title":"Evaluation of a Community Pharmacist-Led Intervention Program for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: A Multicenter, Non-Randomized Comparative Study.","authors":"Ayana Funabashi, Hitoshi Ito, Mamoru Maeda, Yoshitaka Hasegawa, Ryota Tsukioka, Mitsuko Onda","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy13050119","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy13050119","url":null,"abstract":"In this multicenter, nonrandomised comparative study, we evaluated the potential effectiveness of a program to promote the safe use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors led by community pharmacists. The program facilitated early detection of gastrointestinal adverse events (GIAEs) in patients newly prescribed DPP-4 inhibitors and facilitated timely communication with physicians. Community pharmacists reviewed patient conditions and provided relevant information to physicians as needed. GIAE monitoring based on the program was conducted in 35 patients at 10 pharmacies in Japan (intervention group) between March and August 2024. The proportion of pharmacist interventions was compared with that in 451 patients from March to August 2023, before program implementation (baseline cohort). The primary outcome, pharmacist intervention rate, was significantly higher in the intervention group (5 out of 35 patients, 14.3%) than in the baseline cohort (0 out of 451 patients, 0.0%) (p < 0.001). GIAEs were identified in 13 out of 35 patients (37.1%) in the intervention group; information for five patients (14.3%) was shared with physicians, resulting in discontinuation of the DPP-4 inhibitor in one patient and addition of supportive therapy in others. Most GIAEs occurred within the first 1-2 weeks of therapy, highlighting the need for early intervention. Thus, proactive involvement of community pharmacists may improve the care process in these cases and contribute to healthcare coordination and diabetes care quality.","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452381/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethnography in Primary Health Care: Theoretical-Methodological Reflections on Pharmaceutical Services. 初级卫生保健中的民族志：对药学服务的理论-方法反思。

IF 1.8

Pharmacy Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy13050118

Samara Jamile Mendes, Silvana Nair Leite, Livia Maria de Souza Gonçalves, Marília Berlofa Visacri, Silvia Storpirtis

{"title":"Ethnography in Primary Health Care: Theoretical-Methodological Reflections on Pharmaceutical Services.","authors":"Samara Jamile Mendes, Silvana Nair Leite, Livia Maria de Souza Gonçalves, Marília Berlofa Visacri, Silvia Storpirtis","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy13050118","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy13050118","url":null,"abstract":"In pharmacy, theoretical and methodological approaches from anthropology and the social sciences have been increasingly used to understand the complexity of health-disease processes and their relationship with medicines and social practices. Ethnography offers a critical and in-depth lens for analyzing phenomena in Primary Health Care (PHC), bridging persistent gaps between theory and method in health research. This article presents the theoretical and methodological trajectory of an ethnographic study on pharmaceutical services in PHC, conducted through participant observation in three Units in São Paulo, totaling 166 h of fieldwork. Data were recorded in field diaries and analyzed using a thematic inductive approach, leading to the development of conceptual categories and an analytical framework. Reflections on the method enabled interpretive analyses based on assumptions that were confronted with national and international trends in pharmacy literature. Constructing the method in a non-isolated, context-sensitive way was essential to understanding how pharmacists actively shape their practices in PHC. The study reinforces the relevance of participant observation as both a methodological and interpretive strategy, revealing that pharmaceutical services are being constructed through culturally situated practices that respond to health needs with the pharmacist's active involvement.","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12452607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145113880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0