Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Pharmacist-Led Interventions Regarding Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Mexico: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Dulce D Blanco-Vega, Alfonso Reyes-López, Jessica L Vargas-Neri, Frida I Osnaya-Valencia","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12050148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12050148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Mexico, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health concern. As experts in drug therapy, pharmacists are essential additions to multidisciplinary diabetes patient care teams. There have been no systematic reviews or meta-analyses performed on pharmacist-led interventions (PIs) in Mexico; therefore, the impact of PIs on patients remains poorly explored. An electronic search of the PubMed, SciELO and BVS databases and certain institutional repositories was conducted in English and Spanish through 24 August 2021 with a subsequent update through June 2024. A total of 1302 potentially relevant studies were identified in the initial search, of which nine met the eligibility criteria and were included in this systematic review. The results suggest that PIs, such as pharmacotherapeutic follow-up and patient education, may have positive effects on outcomes in Mexican patients with T2DM. PIs led to significant reductions in glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and arterial blood pressure levels, general reductions in body mass index and negative outcomes associated with medication, as well as significant improvements in therapeutic adherence and patient knowledge in the intervention group during follow-up periods of 3-12 months. Further well-designed research, including controlled studies with adequate sample sizes and standardized tools, is essential to fully understand the effects of PIs regarding patients with T2DM in Mexico.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Off-Label Pediatric Medication Prescribing and Dispensing: Awareness and Attitudes among Community Pharmacists: A Questionnaire-Based Study.","authors":"Carmen-Maria Jîtcă, George Jîtcă, Imre Silvia","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12050149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12050149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Off-label practice in pediatrics requires relentless engagement from all the health professionals involved. Community pharmacists are the last ones in the prescribing-dispensing chain; therefore, they have the key responsibility of verifying the correctness of a treatment. A cross-sectional study was conducted for assessing the awareness and views of Romanian community pharmacists, regarding off-label drugs in the pediatric population, through a 28-item questionnaire comprising five sections of different topics (general knowledge, frequency of prescribing and dispensing off-label medication, views, and attitudes). The sample size was 236 questionnaires with a response rate of 41.11%. A statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed with GraphPad Prism v.9. The results indicate that 55.1% of the community pharmacists have a good general knowledge and awareness regarding the off-label practice, although the legal frame is unclear. The responses highlight a high frequency of prescribing and request of medication for respiratory conditions (45.3%) and antibiotics (23.5%), with a concerning gap regarding the adverse events related to the off-label treatments (56.7%). A very small percentage of pharmacists (7.1%) contact a fellow healthcare professional when encountering an off-label prescription. In conclusion, in addition to the pharmacist's conduct towards the best interest of the patient, there is a clear need to improve the doctor-pharmacist collaboration in order to make an off-label treatment successful.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future Healthcare Workers and Ecopharmacovigilance: Where Do We Stand?","authors":"Toni Durdov, Ana Šešelja Perišin, Nikolina Škaro, Josipa Bukić, Dario Leskur, Darko Modun, Joško Božić, Marjeta Grgas, Doris Rušić","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12050146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12050146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry and constant growth of drug usage, ecopharmacovigilance (EPV) has emerged as a way of coping with and minimizing the effects that drugs have on the environment. EPV concerns and describes unwanted effects that the use of a specific drug could have on the environment. The US, EU and Cananda are the improving position of EPV, both in legislation and practice. EPV requires further development as previous studies have shown that neither the general population nor healthcare professionals have enough knowledge about the subject. Improving awareness and knowledge about this topic is a key task for the future of EPV. The main objective was to determine students' level of knowledge about ecopharmacovigilance and to examine ways of storing and disposing of unused and expired drugs. Students' knowledge and habits were examined by a previously published survey. The survey contains twenty questions divided into three parts and the possibility of writing an additional note. There was no difference in the level of knowledge between the students of different studies. Also, students who had a family member working as healthcare professional did not show a higher level of knowledge compared to the others. Pharmacy students had a greater intention to educate their environment about EPV when compared to students of the other studies. This is in the line with a previous study which showed that the general public expects that pharmacists and physicians educate them about EPV. Medicine and dental medicine students will become prescribers after finishing their studies, and as such, they should be informed about eco-directed sustainable prescribing (EDSP) as part of an EPV strategy. More than half of the participants reported good adherence to prescribers' instruction, which decreased the amount of unused drugs. Most of the students found that the drug expiration date was legible, but they did not check it often. In comparison with similar studies, Croatian students had more knowledge and better practices concerning EPV and drug disposal. Structured learning strategies and curriculum implementation for EPV are much needed for further raising awareness about the subject among healthcare professionals and the public.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin in Treating Gram-Negative Infections: Does Obesity Matter?","authors":"Sultan Alotaibi, Nader Damfu, Ahmed Alnefaie, Abdullah Alqurashi, Sami Althagafi, Aown Alotaibi, Musim Alotaibi, Abdullah Alsuwat","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12050147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12050147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is considered a health issue associated with increased morbidity and a risk factor for multiple conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and infections. It may affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs, including antimicrobials like ciprofloxacin. Regrettably, data on ciprofloxacin's efficacy in obese patients remain scarce. This study aims to evaluate the impact of obesity on the efficacy of ciprofloxacin in treating Gram-negative bacterial infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Adult patients (≥18 years) treated with ciprofloxacin for confirmed Gram-negative infection between January 2017 and April 2023 were included. Patients were excluded if they received ciprofloxacin empirically, had inadequate source control within 72 h, or had missing weight and height information at ciprofloxacin initiation. The primary outcome was clinical cure, defined as the resolution of the clinical infection manifestations without additional therapeutic management by the end of treatment. Other secondary and safety outcomes were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 99 patients were included, divided into obese (<i>n</i> = 42) and non-obese (<i>n</i> = 57) groups. The obese group had a significantly lower median age (50 years) compared to the non-obese group (64 years) (<i>p</i> = 0.002). The obese group had fewer male patients (38.10% vs. 68.42%; <i>p</i> = 0.004), higher body weight (90 (81-97) vs. 63 (55-70) days; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and lower height (158 (155-165) vs. 165 (158-172) days; <i>p</i> = 0.008) compared to non-obese. Urinary tract infection was the most common type, with <i>Escherichia coli</i> being the most common isolate. The median hospital length of stay was shorter in the obese group than in the non-obese group (1 vs. 3 days, <i>p</i> = 0.007). There were no significant differences in clinical cure rates between obese (85.71%) and non-obese (85.96%) patients (<i>p</i> = 1). No significant differences were observed in terms of in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, or 60-day infection recurrence rates between the two groups. Microbiological eradication was not achieved in the obese group, whereas a 10.53% eradication rate was observed in the non-obese group (<i>p</i> = 0.037). However, the majority of the patients had indeterminate eradication. The incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was lower in the obese group (4.76%) compared to the non-obese group (17.54%, <i>p</i> = 0.066).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Treatment with ciprofloxacin in obese patients has similar efficacy and safety outcomes compared to non-obese patients with infections due to Gram-negative pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Pharmacists' Emotional Intelligence and Job Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Yasser S Almogbel, Muath A Alsalloum, Rubiaan S Almadi, Abdulaziz A Almazyad, Yusuf M Garwan, Razan A Alregaibah","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12050145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12050145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacists' job performance is crucial for improving pharmacy services. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of emotional intelligence with the job performance of pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. Using social media platforms, we disseminated an online questionnaire to pharmacists licensed to practice in Saudi Arabia between June and July 2022. The questionnaire was filled out by 352 pharmacists. The majority of the participants were women (60.5%) and working as community pharmacists (55.7%). On self-reported emotional intelligence and job performance scales, the respondents scored an average of 5.5 ± 0.9 (out of 7) and 4.0 ± 0.6 (out of 5), respectively. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that emotional intelligence had a significant relationship with job performance (β = 0.43, <i>p</i> < 0.001). In conclusion, the findings indicated that emotional intelligence may influence the job performance of pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. As the primary objective of every organization is to accomplish the best possible performance, prioritizing emotional intelligence is important. Further research is needed to identify the impact of emotional intelligence on work performance, which could potentially enhance clinical outcomes for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Studies on HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Community Pharmacies in States with Restrictive Pharmacist Prescription Authority in the United States.","authors":"Hongmei Wang, Dominique Guinn, Xavier Roshitha Ramisetty, Thomas P Giordano, Ivy O Poon","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12050144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12050144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Community pharmacies have unparalleled potential to increase access to pre-exposure prophylaxis medications (PrEP) for HIV prevention; however, only 17 out of 50 states in the United States have statewide authority for pharmacists to provide PrEP at community pharmacies. Few studies have reported on how pharmacists overcome the legislative barrier and provide PrEP services in restrictive pharmacy prescription states. The objective of this article is to identify the existing primary literature describing pharmacist PrEP services in the community in states with restrictive prescription authority.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systemic literature review was conducted to identify the primary literature that involved community pharmacy service and PrEP conducted in states that do not have expanded pharmacist prescriptive authority between 2000 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten publications were identified, describing nine studies, including four interview and survey studies, three intervention reports, and two ongoing clinical trials. None of these studies have a control group. Most pharmacists provide PrEP services in the community through a collaborative practice agreement with a primary care provider.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Future clinical studies with randomized controlled designs are required to test novel strategies in the education and implementation of pharmacy-led PrEP services in a community pharmacy setting to increase PrEP access.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"I Solemnly Swear\": A Comparative Study of Codes of Professional Ethics amongst Pharmacists from Culturally Diverse European Countries.","authors":"Raquel Raimundo, Afonso Cavaco","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12050143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12050143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ethical practice is a universal concern for healthcare professionals, independent of their social, cultural, or religious background. This study aimed to assess and categorise statements published in codes of ethics for pharmacists from three diverse societies within the wider European area. The study followed a qualitative exploratory and triangular design, comparing the leading professional and ethical statements between three geographically apart countries (Portugal, Lithuania, and Turkey) and using the International Pharmaceutical Federation Code of Ethics proposal as a gold standard. Common core values such as honesty, integrity, and professional autonomy were identified across the countries' codes, suggesting that shared recognised core values underpin pharmacists' practice and policies in culturally diverse settings. None of the codes fully correspond to the framework the International Pharmaceutical Federation proposed. The analysis elicited significant inconsistencies between the codes for analogous practice models within the same continent. Further studies are needed to gain a more profound and comprehensive understanding of the underlying reasons for these discrepancies so that ethical weaknesses can be improved and harmonisation towards best-practice principles can benefit patients and healthcare systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11510965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Treatment of Infections Caused by AmpC-Producing Enterobacterales.","authors":"Gianpiero Tebano, Irene Zaghi, Monica Cricca, Francesco Cristini","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12050142","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12050142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>AmpC enzymes are a class of beta-lactamases produced by Gram-negative bacteria, including several Enterobacterales. When produced in sufficient amounts, AmpCs can hydrolyze third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) and piperacillin/tazobactam, causing resistance. In Enterobacterales, the AmpC gene can be chromosomal- or plasmid-encoded. Some species, particularly <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> complex, <i>Klebsiella aerogenes</i>, and <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>, harbor an inducible chromosomal AmpC gene. The expression of this gene can be derepressed during treatment with a beta-lactam, leading to AmpC overproduction and the consequent emergence of resistance to 3GCs and piperacillin/tazobactam during treatment. Because of this phenomenon, the use of carbapenems or cefepime is considered a safer option when treating these pathogens. However, many areas of uncertainty persist, including the risk of derepression related to each beta-lactam; the role of piperacillin/tazobactam compared to cefepime; the best option for severe or difficult-to-treat cases, such as high-inoculum infections (e.g., ventilator-associated pneumonia and undrainable abscesses); the role of de-escalation once clinical stability is obtained; and the best treatment for species with a lower risk of derepression during treatment (e.g., <i>Serratia marcescens</i> and <i>Morganella morganii</i>). The aim of this review is to collate the most relevant information about the microbiological properties of and therapeutic approach to AmpC-producing Enterobacterales in order to inform daily clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Monitoring and Management of Clozapine-Induced Gastrointestinal Hypomotility (CIGH) in Community Mental Health Services: A Quality Improvement Approach.","authors":"Balazs Adam, Osama Ayad","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12050141","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12050141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clozapine is the only approved antipsychotic for refractory schizophrenia to date. It can cause a range of serious and fatal adverse effects, including Clozapine-Induced Gastrointestinal Hypomotility (CIGH). While guidance is readily available to help manage CIGH effectively in hospital inpatients, practical recommendations applicable to the community (outpatient) setting are lacking. This project set out to improve the prevention, detection and management of CIGH in psychiatric outpatients. An initial baseline audit followed by quality improvement work was undertaken in a busy support worker-run community clozapine clinic focusing on, education and training, risk assessments and clinical documentation. The project was registered and managed using the Life QI web-based platform, where a set of primary and secondary drivers were defined and change ideas were executed. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected over a three-month period, demonstrating a significant improvement in clinical documentation (up from 36% to 99%). 23% of enhanced risk assessments resulted in treatment recommendations, modifiable risk factors were proactively discussed in 53% of clinic appointments and 65% of patients were provided with additional written information on CIGH. It was evident from staff and our patient feedback that further efforts would be required to continue to raise awareness about harms of unmanaged constipation among this client group. Future approaches may include enhanced collaborative efforts with primary care, and improving the skill mix in existing clozapine clinics, which could include the utilisation of mental health pharmacists.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Needs, Barriers, and Challenges to Continuing Professional Development (CPD): A Qualitative Exploration among Hospital Pharmacists.","authors":"Sundus Aldakhil, Sana Majdi Baqar, Bashayr Alosaimi, Rafal Almuzirie, Maryam Farooqui, Saud Alsahali, Yasser Almogbel","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12050140","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12050140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuing professional development (CPD) is an essential tool for healthcare professionals to remain up-to-date with the latest advancements in their field. In Saudi Arabia, pharmacists are officially registered healthcare professionals by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS). To uphold their licensure, they must complete 40 h of CPD every two years. This qualitative study aimed to explore hospital pharmacists' perceptions, barriers, and challenges of CPD, as well as their recommendations for improving CPD activities. A qualitative descriptive approach with semi-structured face-to-face interviews was employed. Using purposive sampling, 12 hospital pharmacists were interviewed. The recorded data were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. Pharmacists generally showed positive perceptions of CPD, recognizing its importance for their professional development and the provision of high-quality patient care. However, some pharmacists expressed dissatisfaction with the current system. Several barriers to participation such as heavy workloads, lack of time, and limited financial support were highlighted. The primary motivations for engaging in CPD included fulfilling regulatory requirements. Workshops were the most beneficial CPD activities among others. Additionally, importance of more specialized, practice-oriented programs was highlighted. The study provides valuable insights into the needs and challenges faced by hospital pharmacists in Saudi Arabia regarding CPD. The insights gained can inform theory, policy, and practice relating to pharmacists' CPD at both professional and governmental levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}