Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Medications in the Lebanese Population: A Post Hoc Analysis from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Rony M Zeenny, Rachel Abdo, Chadia Haddad, Aline Hajj, Rouba Karen Zeidan, Pascale Salameh, Jean Ferrieres","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060171","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study assesses the association of metabolic drugs (specifically hypoglycemic and hypolipemic agents) with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among the Lebanese population and patients' subgroups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out in Lebanon. The survey collected information on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyles, comorbidities, and medication use. Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the data and determine associations between CVD and metabolic drugs. Stratification analyses were performed based on diabetes and dyslipidemia status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found significant associations with CVD among the 2048 participants. Higher scores on the Lebanese Mediterranean Diet Score (LMDS; ORa = 1.06), hypertension (ORa = 1.71), diabetes (ORa = 1.75), dyslipidemia (ORa = 1.89), family history of CVD (ORa = 1.58), and smoking (previous: ORa = 1.63, current: ORa = 2.15) were linked to increased CVD odds. Higher income (intermediate: ORa = 0.64, high: ORa = 0.40) was inversely related to it. A subsequent model that included hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering medications yielded similar results. However, neither hypoglycemic nor lipid-lowering medications demonstrated a significant association with CVD risk. A third regression model was conducted by taking the classes of drugs as an independent variable. Also, the result revealed that all the classes of medication were not associated with the risk of CVD. Stratification by diabetes revealed LMDS and hypertension as risk factors in both groups. Among non-diabetic participants, dyslipidemia (ORa = 2.40), current smoking (ORa = 2.28), and higher income (intermediate: ORa = 0.57, high: ORa = 0.62) were linked to CVD. Among people with diabetes, a family history of CVD (ORa = 2.69) increased the CVD odds, while being an employer (ORa = 0.49) lowered it. Stratification by dyslipidemia showed consistent risk factors, and higher LMDS (ORa = 1.07), diabetes (ORa = 2.14), hypertension (ORa = 1.79), and previous smoking (ORa = 1.95) were linked to CVD without dyslipidemia. Being a female (ORa = 0.52) and having a lower income (ORa = 0.40) were associated with lower CVD odds in those with dyslipidemia. Subgroup analyses showed that medications were not significantly associated with CVD odds among patients with diabetes or hyperlipidemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study's findings highlight the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors and socioeconomic factors to reduce the burden of CVD. Targeted interventions and longitudinal research are necessary to optimize preventive strategies and improve the management of CVD in individuals using hypoglycemic and hypolipemic agents in low- and medium-income countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication Reconciliation of Patients by Pharmacist at the Time of Admission and Discharge from Adult Nephrology Wards.","authors":"Hossein Ahmadi, Yalda Houshmand, Ghanbar Ali Raees-Jalali, Iman Karimzadeh","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060170","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of medication reconciliation by pharmacists at both admission and discharge in hospitalized patients with different kidney diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study was performed in adult nephrology wards of a teaching referral hospital in Iran from September 2020 to March 2021. All patients hospitalized in the nephrology ward for at least 1 day who received the minimum of one medication during their ward stay within the study period were considered eligible. Medication reconciliation was performed by taking a best-possible medication history from eligible patients during the first 24 h of ward admission. Medications were evaluated for possible intentional as well as unintentional discrepancies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, 178 patients at admission and 134 patients at discharge were included. The mean numbers of unintentional drug discrepancies for each patient at admission and discharge were 6.13 ± 4.13 and 1.63 ± 1.94, respectively. The mean ± SD numbers of prescribed medications for patients before ward admission detected by the nurse/physician and pharmacist were 6.06 ± 3.53 and 9.22 ± 4.71, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.0001). The number of unintentional discrepancies at admission and discharge had a significant correlation with the number of drugs used and underlying diseases. The number of unintentional discrepancies at admission was also correlated with patients' age. The number of comorbidities was significantly associated with the number of unintentional medication discrepancies at both admission and discharge. At the time of ward discharge, all patients were given medication consultations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rate of reconciliation errors was high in the adult nephrology ward. The active contribution of pharmacists in the process of medication reconciliation can be significantly effective in identifying these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587488/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Qualitative Study of Pharmacists' Perceptions of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Telepharmacy.","authors":"Masaki Shoji, Mitsuko Onda","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060169","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Japan, telepharmacy is becoming increasingly popular due to deregulation triggered by the outbreak of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the actual state of telepharmacy in Japan by interviewing pharmacists who have experience with telepharmacy and describing its advantages and disadvantages, as well as their outlook for its use going forward. The interviews were conducted online using Zoom. Each interview lasted approximately 30 min. Eleven people were interviewed. The advantages mentioned by the pharmacists were classified into three main categories: \"Better communication\", \"Time savings\", and \"Improved safety\". The disadvantages were classified into the following nine categories: \"Drug delivery problems\", \"Communication failures\", \"Ease of use for patients\", \"Emotional reactions\", \"Pharmacy system\", \"Communication issues\", \"Healthcare system issues\", \"App system issues\", and \"Cost\". Many of these factors correspond to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) constructs presented by Venkatesh, et al. Many of the pharmacists mentioned that the use of telepharmacy is likely to expand further in the future, but that this will require further development of communication technology and the widespread use of systems such as electronic prescriptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Adverse Drug Events Identified with Decision Support Algorithms from Janusmed Risk Profile-A Retrospective Population-Based Study in a Swedish Region.","authors":"Tora Hammar, Emma Jonsén, Olof Björneld, Ylva Askfors, Marine L Andersson, Alisa Lincke","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060168","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adverse drug events (ADEs) occur frequently and are a common cause of suffering, hospitalizations, or death, and can be caused by harmful combinations of medications. One method used to prevent ADEs is by using <i>clinical decision support systems</i> (CDSSs). Janusmed Risk Profile is a CDSS evaluating the risk for nine common or serious ADEs resulting from combined pharmacodynamic effects. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of potential ADEs identified using CDSS algorithms from Janusmed Risk Profile. This retrospective, cross-sectional study covered the population of a Swedish region (<i>n</i> = 246,010 inhabitants in year 2020) using data on all medications dispensed and administered. More than 20% of patients had an increased risk of bleeding, constipation, orthostatism, or renal toxicity based on their medications. The proportion of patients with an increased risk varied from 3.5% to almost 30% across the nine categories of ADEs. A higher age was associated with an increased risk of potential ADEs and there were gender differences. A cluster analysis identified groups of patients with an increased risk for several categories of ADEs. This study shows that combinations of medications that could increase the risk of ADEs are common. Future studies should examine how this correlates with observed ADEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Views from Multinational Pharmaceutical Companies on Allocation of Clinical Trials in Saudi Arabia-Qualitative Study.","authors":"Nouf M Aloudah, Ahmed M Shaman","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060167","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical trials conducted by pharmaceutical companies are essential for bridging local research efforts with broader populations, facilitating the transfer of valuable insights and solutions. This study aimed to explore the barriers and facilitators affecting clinical trials in Saudi Arabia from the perspective of key personnel within the pharmaceutical industry and Contract Research Organizations (CROs). We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine participants, which provided a holistic understanding of the intricate dynamics shaping the landscape of clinical trials in the country. The analysis revealed three prominent themes: operational challenges, complexities in navigating approval hurdles, and the unique value proposition for conducting clinical trials in Saudi Arabia. The participants expressed pride in the local infrastructure but acknowledged existing flaws, particularly in regulatory processes that contribute to delays in trial initiation. They emphasized the importance of conducting clinical trials in areas such as diabetes, crowd management during pilgrimages, and rare diseases, which are prevalent in the region. Despite the limited number of clinical trials registered (354 from 2009 to 2020, with only 1% being phase 1 studies), Saudi Arabia's total pharmaceutical market exceeds SAR 13 billion, positioning it as the largest market in the region. Stakeholders recognized the country's potential as a research hub, particularly within the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) region. However, to attract more trials and enhance the medical research landscape, it is crucial to address the identified barriers, streamline processes, and improve stakeholder alignment. The findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to overcome these challenges and leverage Saudi Arabia's investments in healthcare infrastructure since its transformation program launched in 2010. By enhancing the regulatory environment and fostering collaboration among stakeholders, Saudi Arabia can solidify its role as a key player in international clinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Shortages in Albania: Pharmacists' Experiences and Perspectives.","authors":"Delina Xhafaj, Sonila Vito, Alban Xhafaj","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060166","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug shortages are a significant global issue, particularly affecting healthcare systems in resource-limited countries such as Albania. Pharmacists play a critical role in managing these shortages, yet little is known about their experiences and perspectives. This study aims to explore pharmacists' views on the current drug shortages in Albania, identifying the most affected drug classes, and suggesting potential strategies for mitigating these shortages. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 93 pharmacists across Albania between December 2023 and May 2024. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that addressed the types of drugs experiencing shortages, the causes of these shortages, and pharmacists' coping strategies. Cardiovascular and central nervous system medications were reported as the most frequently affected, with supply chain disruptions, regulatory hurdles, and low domestic production cited as key contributors. The findings suggest an urgent need for national policy reforms focusing on improving supply chain resilience and boosting the local pharmaceutical production. The pharmacists proposed mitigation strategies, including stricter regulatory oversight, improved communication channels, and increased local production to reduce dependence on imports. These recommendations underscore the study's contribution to understanding how tailored, pharmacist-informed strategies could strengthen Albania's healthcare system.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the Roots of Pharmacists' Critical Thinking About Pseudoscientific Claims: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Survey.","authors":"Tomofumi Watanabe, Mari Matsumoto, Masami Ukawa, Makoto Ohira, Masaru Tsunoda","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060165","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global trend toward self-medication has increased public reliance on over-the-counter treatments and health-related information, contributing to the spread of pseudoscientific claims in healthcare and posing serious public health risks. Pharmacists, as accessible healthcare professionals, play a crucial role in critically evaluating these claims and providing evidence-based guidance. However, little quantitative research has assessed pharmacists' critical thinking regarding pseudoscientific claims or the factors influencing them. This study aims to evaluate the demographic factors affecting pharmacists' critical thinking about pseudoscientific claims. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among pharmacists in hospitals, insurance pharmacies, and drugstores across Japan. The newly developed Pseudoscience Criticism Scale (PCS) measured attitudes toward pseudoscientific claims. Statistical analysis identified factors that form and influence critical thinking. This study revealed two primary dimensions: \"Medical Superstitions and Unscientific Treatments\" and \"Natural Healing Superstitions\". Gender and educational background significantly impacted PCS scores, with male pharmacists and graduates from six-year pharmacy programs exhibiting higher skepticism. These findings underscore the importance of ongoing professional development in pharmacy education to strengthen critical thinking. The PCS is an effective tool for assessing this competency. Enhancing educational efforts is essential to equip pharmacists to effectively counter pseudoscientific claims and improve public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of a Leadership Development Programme for Community Pharmacy Neighbourhood Leads in South East London.","authors":"Finlay Royle, Sarah Guard, Ricarda Micallef","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060164","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Community pharmacists continue to deliver a growing number of services, with an increased need for collaborative work between local teams in community settings. In South East London, the Integrated Care Board and Pharmacy Alliance have invested in the development of community pharmacy neighbourhood leads (CPNLs), who represent community pharmacies in a locality and provided a tailored five-session leadership course that ran between November 2023 and March 2024, covering theory and implementation. This study aimed to evaluate the experiences of the CPNLs and other colleagues who participated in the leadership development programme. Participants were asked to complete an evaluation survey after each session, along with individual interviews taking place with those who volunteered. Ethical approval was received. There was a total of 37 participants at the sessions, and 7 participated in an interview. Overall confidence increased throughout the course, with males statistically more confident than females. Relationships with new stakeholders also increased throughout the course. The proposed actions after each session echoed the topics covered, with planning meetings being prioritised. The interviews highlighted new opportunities identified and being acted on, a greater understanding of the role, and an increase in confidence and key relationships. Barriers in the role included time for meetings. Overall, investment in the CPNL role showed that learning from the programme was applied in practice, with an increase in confidence and understanding of the role and improved local relationships. The findings from this study can be used by others to support community pharmacy transformation and integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nexus of Quality Use of Medicines, Pharmacists' Activities, and the Emergency Department: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Tesfay Mehari Atey, Gregory M Peterson, Mohammed S Salahudeen, Barbara C Wimmer","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060163","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute care provided in the hospital's emergency department (ED) is a key component of the healthcare system that serves as an essential bridge between outpatient and inpatient care. However, due to the emergency-driven nature of presenting problems and the urgency of care required, the ED is more prone to unintended medication regimen changes than other departments. Ensuring quality use of medicines (QUM), defined as \"choosing suitable medicines and using them safely and effectively\", remains a challenge in the ED and hence requires special attention. The role of pharmacists in the ED has evolved considerably, transitioning from traditional inventory management to delivering comprehensive clinical pharmacy services, such as medication reconciliation and review. Emerging roles for ED pharmacists now include medication charting and prescribing and active participation in resuscitation efforts. Additionally, ED pharmacists are involved in research and educational initiatives. However, the ED setting is still facing heightened service demands in terms of the number of patients presenting to EDs and longer ED stays. Addressing these challenges necessitates innovation and reform in ED care to effectively manage the complex, rising demand for ED care and to meet government-imposed service quality indicators. An example is redesigning the medication use process, which could necessitate a shift in skill mix or an expansion of the roles of ED pharmacists, particularly in areas such as medication charting and prescribing. Collaborative efforts between pharmacists and physicians have demonstrated positive outcomes and should thus be adopted as the standard practice in improving the quality use of medicines in the ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a Clinical Decision Support System on the Change over Time in the Anticholinergic Load in Geriatric Patients: The SADP-Antichol Study.","authors":"Grégoire Delvallée, Lisa Mondet, Chloé Cornille, Guillaume Deschasse, Aurélie Lenglet","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060162","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Anticholinergic drugs can cause adverse events (AEs) in older adults. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) can detect prescriptions with a high anticholinergic load. Our starting hypothesis was that the anticholinergic load could be reduced by combining a CDSS with a strategy for generating pharmacist interventions. The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of this combination on the change over time in the anticholinergic load in hospitalized older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, single-centre study was divided into two 6-week periods. During the interventional period, a pharmacist analyzed the alerts generated by the CDSS for 30 targeted anticholinergic drugs and decided whether to issue a pharmacist intervention. A control period corresponds to standard care. The primary endpoint of the study is the delta of the anticholinergic load between the alert and hospital discharge; the secondary endpoint is the incidence of anticholinergic adverse events (AEs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 144 alerts generated, 87 were considered to be relevant (36 in the interventional period and 51 in the control period). A significant difference was observed between the delta anticholinergic load between the experimental and control periods (1.61 vs. 0.67, <i>p</i>-value = 0.0115). For the targeted drugs (<i>n</i> = 94) over the 87 alerts, 46.8% were for antihistamines and 21.3% were for desloratadine. Of the 36 pharmacist interventions sent by the pharmacist, 19 (52.8%) were accepted. The most deprescribed drug class was the antihistamine class (<i>n</i> = 7), and the most deprescribed drug was amitriptyline (<i>n</i> = 5). Among these 87 patients with alerts, the correlation between the anticholinergic load and the number of AEs was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.887). The most common AE affecting the peripheral nervous system was constipation (28.6%), and the most common AE affecting the central nervous system was confusion (29.9%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results showed that the combination of specific CDSS rules with pharmacist-mediated risk management procedures could further reduce the anticholinergic load in hospitalized older adults, relative to routine care. It remains to be determined whether this reduction in the anticholinergic load has an impact on the incidence of peripheral and central anticholinergic AEs, and thus the health of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}