Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with DAD Detection for the Determination of Cannabinoids in Commercial Veterinary CBD Oil.","authors":"Zehra Hajrulai-Musliu, Elizabeta Dimitreska Stojkovikj, Dimitar Gusheski, Dea Musliu, Daniel Velkovski","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060181","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study highlights the need for quality control in evaluating medicinal plant products, especially CBD oils, before market release. Due to varying regulatory requirements, product labeling can sometimes be misleading, especially regarding cannabinoid concentrations such as CBD and THC. This research focused on developing a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for accurately identifying and quantifying key cannabinoids in Commercial Veterinary CBD Oil. The main compounds identified included Cannabidivarin (CBDV), Cannabidiolic Acid (CBD-A), Cannabigerolic Acid (CBG-A), Cannabigerol (CBG), Cannabidiol (CBD), Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), Cannabinol (CBN), ∆⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol (d9-THC) ∆8-Tetrahydrocannabinol (d8-THC), Cannabicyclol (CBL), Cannabichromene (CBC), and Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid (THCA), determined in line with the International Conference on Harmonization's (ICH) guidelines. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ). It was determined to be linear, with a correlation coefficient (R²) > 0.999. The LOD and LOQ values calculated from the calibration curve ranged from 0.05 to 0.13 and 0.50 to 0.61 µg/mL, respectively. The method also exhibited acceptable precision, with relative standard deviation values lower than or equal to 2%. The method's accuracy was assessed through recovery percentages and fell within an acceptable range of 98-102 if the RSD was 2%. This study's rigorous methodology and comprehensive findings significantly contribute to cannabinoid analysis. This validated protocol was used to analyze cannabinoids in 14 commercial veterinary CBD oil products from the Republic of North Macedonia. The performance parameters demonstrated that the method is reliable for quantitatively measuring cannabinoids in CBD oil. The analysis showed that the cannabinoid levels in the products were consistent with the manufacturers' declared specifications, with no significant discrepancies in labeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11677526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of Bevacizumab to Chemotherapy and Its Impact on Clinical Efficacy in Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Aleena Shahzad, Anees Ur Rehman, Tehnia Naz, Muhammad Fawad Rasool, Alisha Saeed, Saba Rasheed, Sadia Shakeel, Saleh Karamah Al-Tamimi, Rabia Hussain","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060180","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060180","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background and Objectives</i>: Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in females. One of the most successful therapeutic modalities to date is suppressing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated angiogenesis. Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets VEGF-A. The outcomes for cervical cancer patients treated with bevacizumab in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy have been explored in several studies. This study aimed to assess the impact of bevacizumab on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic cervical cancer. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023456755). Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search on PubMed and Google Scholar identified 28 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The outcomes of interest were PFS and OS. The statistical analysis computed hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The study also included a subgroup analysis by cervical cancer stage. <i>Results</i>: The pooled analysis revealed that bevacizumab-based therapy significantly improved both PFS with HR 0.77 (95% CI: 0.58-0.96; <i>p</i> < 0.01; I² = 58%) and OS with HR 0.63 (95% CI: 0.45-0.89; <i>p</i> < 0.01; I² = 41%) in cervical cancer patients. Subgroup analysis by stage of cervical cancer demonstrated better efficacy of bevacizumab in metastatic stage IVB cervical cancer patients indicated by HR for PFS (0.69, 95% CI: 0.54-0.79; <i>p</i> < 0.01) and HR for OS (0.57, 95% CI: 0.46-0.73; <i>p</i> < 0.01). <i>Conclusions</i>: Bevacizumab exhibits a significant increase in PFS and OS, underscoring the efficacy of anti-angiogenesis therapy in cervical cancer, particularly in stage IVB metastatic cervical cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11677453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Situation for Pharmacists in Japanese Veterinary Medicine: Exploring the Pharmaceutical Needs and Challenges of Veterinary Staff to Facilitate Collaborative Veterinary Care.","authors":"Taisuke Konno, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Naoto Suzuki, Kouji Okada, Yosuke Nishikawa, Daisuke Kikuchi, Hitoshi Nakamura, Yuriko Murai","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060179","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While veterinary pharmacy is common overseas, it has yet to gain traction in Japan. To clarify the actual situation in Japan, two surveys were conducted, targeting 4017 facilities (2000 pharmacies/drug stores, 2000 veterinary medical facilities, and 17 university-affiliated veterinary hospitals). We received 324 responses from pharmacy staff and 217 from veterinary hospital staff. Pharmacists were involved in drug therapy for companion animals either via direct discussion with veterinarians or by referrals for prescriptions from veterinarians (11 respondents). Veterinary staff and pharmacists showed a disparity regarding pharmacists' involvement in companion animal healthcare. Veterinary staff wanted pharmacists to provide pharmaceutical guidance, perform audits, supply drug information, and prepare drugs. Strong demand (72.2% of the veterinary staff) existed for consultations with pharmacists regarding medication issues. Veterinary medicine has evolved to meet the demand for the advanced care of companion animals. Veterinary staff have diverse and substantial requests for pharmacists. Integrating the expertise of both veterinary staff and pharmacists may facilitate a team-based approach to veterinary medicine and improve the quality of care for companion animals. Tailoring approaches to suit Japan's unique circumstances and creating a conducive environment for effective communication between pharmacists and veterinary staff are pivotal for advancing veterinary pharmacy in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11677796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials: Can Patient Adherence to Antibiotics Be Improved Through Pharmaceutical Communication-Based Interventions?","authors":"Carla Pires","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060178","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patient adherence to antibiotics is vital to ensure treatment efficiency.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of pharmacist communication-based interventions on patients' adherence to antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for systematic review (PRISMA) checklist and flow diagram. Controlled trials were included.</p><p><strong>Databases: </strong>PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, and Google Scholar. Quality, risk of bias, and confidence in cumulative evidence were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-one trials were selected, with better patient adherence for the intervention than the control group. However, statistically significant differences were only found in two-thirds of these trials. The use of educational leaflets, personalized delivery of antibiotics, follow-up measures, and structured counseling were among the most impactful and significant interventions. The fact that community and/or hospital pharmacists were required to intervene in both groups (e.g., intervention vs. control/usual care) may explain that statistically significant differences were not achieved in all trials. Moderate quality issues and/or risk of bias were detected in some of the evaluated trials. The cumulative evidence was classified as high to moderate, which was considered acceptable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It seems that more intense and structured pharmacist interventions can improve patient adherence to antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11677000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Pharmacists in Minimizing the Risk Inherent in Unbundled Telehealth Services: A 12-Month Retrospective Case Study.","authors":"Louis Talay, Matt Vickers, Tiffany Cheng","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060177","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmacists have often been viewed as the last line of defence against prescription errors in traditional care models. Although a large number of chronic care patients are using telehealth services to increase their access to continuous care, researchers have yet to investigate prescription safety in such settings in Australia. The absence of this literature is particularly concerning in the context of the Australian Government's admission in a 2024 report that the national health system has not adequately addressed the World Health Organization's 'Medication without harm' objective. One of the report's key findings was that knowledge on digital direct-to-consumer services is insufficient. A defining feature of some of these services is their unbundling of the pharmacy component, which logically increases the risk for prescription errors. This study analyzed the frequency of which the Cloud pharmacy network intercepted prescription errors in an unbundled digital sexual dysfunction service for men. Investigators found that Cloud pharmacists were responsible for intercepting 22 (5.31%) the 414 prescribing errors observed in the Pilot Australia service in 2023, including 12 (8.05%) of the 149 prescription errors for premature ejaculation (PE) patients and 10 (3.77%) of the 265 errors for erectile dysfunction (ED) patients. Seven of the errors intercepted by Cloud pharmacists were of high or medium severity, including four drug contraindications, two cases of inadequate patient history reviews, and one case of inadequate counselling. This study also appears to be the first to provide digital prescribing error rate data in an Australian sexual healthcare setting, observing an error rate of 0.86% from 30,649 ED prescriptions, 1.13% from the 13,154 PE prescriptions, and a total prescription error rate of 0.95% (414 out of 43,792 prescriptions). These findings demonstrate the vital role of pharmacists in intercepting prescribing errors in unbundled telehealth services. Possible implications of these findings include the allocation of additional resources across the pharmacy sector and the establishment of regulatory safety standards for unbundled telehealth services.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679928/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cannabidiol Supplements in Romania: Bridging the Gap Between Marketed Claims and Clinical Reality.","authors":"Corina Andrei, George Mihai Nitulescu, Georgiana Nitulescu, Anca Zanfirescu","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060176","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the European market, including Romania, has witnessed a significant increase in the promotion of cannabidiol (CBD)-based products, often presented as effective treatments for various health conditions. This study investigates the inconsistencies between the health claims associated with these supplements and the evidence from clinical trials. To identify products available on the Romanian market, a systematic review of online pharmacies and websites that specialize in selling CBD-based products has been performed. Additionally, a systematic review of clinical trials has been conducted to assess the efficacy of CBD for the specified indications. Our analysis revealed that some claims, such as those related to post-traumatic stress disorder, lack substantial clinical evidence. Moreover, even when clinical support exists, the dosages recommended for the supplements are often significantly lower than those used in trials, raising concerns about their efficacy. These findings highlight the need for stricter regulatory oversight and more transparent communication to ensure that consumer expectations are aligned with scientific evidence, ultimately promoting informed decision-making and consumer safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142898758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes and Experiences of Patients Regarding Gender-Specific Aspects of Pain Management.","authors":"Carolin Alexandra Boldt, Dirk Keiner, Norman Best, Thilo Bertsche","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060175","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biological, pharmacological, and socio-cultural aspects influence gender-specific effects in pain management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gender-specific aspects of pain management were assessed in a rural outpatient center via semi-structured patient interview: (i) general gender aspects (total population) from 1 = \"fully disagree\" to 5 = \"fully agree\"; and (ii) individual pain (matched pairs) via numeric analog scale (NAS) from 0 = \"no pain\" to 10 = \"maximum pain\". Patient charts were assessed for pain management (WHO-ladder).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 113 patients were enrolled (59.18 [SD: 12.76] years, 46% female, 54% male, 0% diverse), and 42 were matched into female-male pairs. (i) Women and men agreed that men and women should be treated equally despite biological differences (median: 5 [women] vs. 5 [men]; <i>p</i> = 0.789). As a reason for gender-specific aspects, \"medication concentration\" was reported more frequently by women (<i>p</i> = 0.038) and \"no answer\" by men (<i>p</i> = 0.014). (ii) Mean value (SD) of pain (NAS) was 4.0 (SD 2.3) for women and 3.3 (SD 2.6) for men (<i>p</i> = 0.215) with a positive correlation between pain management escalation (WHO-ladder) and the pain score (NAS) only in men (r = 0.704, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Women rather reported an influence of adverse drug reactions on treatment contentment than men (<i>p</i> = 0.042).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although patients pleaded for gender-independent equal treatment, gender-specific differences in pain therapy were found.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tackling Pharmaceutical Pollution Along the Product Lifecycle: Roles and Responsibilities for Producers, Regulators and Prescribers.","authors":"Gillian Parker, Fiona A Miller","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060173","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pharmaceuticals produce considerable environmental harm. The industry's resource-intensive nature, coupled with high energy costs for manufacturing and transportation, contribute to the \"upstream\" harms from greenhouse gas emissions and ecosystem pollution, while factors such as overprescription, overuse, and pharmaceutical waste contribute to the \"downstream\" harms. Effectively addressing pharmaceutical pollution requires an understanding of the key roles and responsibilities along the product lifecycle. In this commentary, we argue that three actors-producers, regulators, and prescribers-have unique and interdependent responsibilities to address these issues. Producers and market access regulators are upstream actors who can manage and mitigate harms by both shifting manufacturing, business practices, and regulatory requirements and producing transparent, robust data on environmental harms. By contrast, prescribers are downstream actors whose capacity to reduce environmental harms arises principally as a \"co-benefit\" of reducing inappropriate prescribing and overuse. Potentially complicating the prescriber's role are the calls for prescribers to recommend \"environmentally preferable medicines\". These calls continue to increase, even with the sparsity of transparent and robust data on the impact of pharmaceuticals on the environment. Recognizing the interdependencies among actors, we argue that, rather than being ineffectual, these calls draw needed attention to the critical responsibility for upstream actors to prioritize data production, reporting standards and public transparency to facilitate future downstream efforts to tackle pharmaceutical pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Potential Drug-Drug Interactions of Psycholeptics and Antidepressants in Outpatient Settings.","authors":"Iva Marović, Ivana Marinović, Vesna Bačić Vrca, Ivana Samardžić","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060174","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental health is an important segment in preserving overall health and represents a significant public health issue. In modern times, mental health disorders have risen, often requiring complex pharmacotherapy and chronic monitoring. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of potential psychotropic drug interactions in outpatient settings and compare the differences in potential drug-drug interaction (pDDIs) exposure with age. The psychotropic drugs included antipsychotics-N05A, anxiolytics-N05B, hypnotics and sedatives-N05C, and antidepressants-N06A. This retrospective study analyzed prescribed pharmacotherapy in 492 outpatients who were treated with at least one psychotropic drug. We determined 1.64 prescribed psychotropic drugs per patient and 2.2 pDDIs that involved psychotropic drugs. In total, 2285 pDDIs were recorded, of which almost half (47.6%) were pDDIs with psychotropic drugs. More prescribed psychotropic drugs were found in patients younger than 65 years, and equal exposure to pDDIs of psychotropic drugs (<i>p</i> = 0.5077) was found in both age groups. The most commonly identified psychotropics involved in pDDIs were benzodiazepines, promazine, and zolpidem. The results indicate that psychotropic drug interactions represent important drug-related problems for primary health care. The widespread use of psychotropic drugs and the determined clinical significance of their interactions require pharmacist interventions which can reduce the prevalence of pDDIs and increase patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Pharmacists' Knowledge of Food-Drug Interactions in Croatia: Identifying Gaps and Opportunities.","authors":"Josipa Bukić, Doris Rušić, Antonela Turic, Dario Leskur, Toni Durdov, Joško Božić, Martin Kondža, Darko Modun, Ana Šešelja Perišin","doi":"10.3390/pharmacy12060172","DOIUrl":"10.3390/pharmacy12060172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food-drug interactions (FDIs) are pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic changes in drug effects caused by the presence of specific foods. To identify and prevent FDIs, pharmacists, alongside other healthcare professionals, should possess a certain level of knowledge. This study aimed to assess knowledge of FDIs among Croatian pharmacists. A total of 206 participants were included in this cross-sectional study. The median knowledge score among Croatian pharmacists was 69.44%, with an interquartile range of 19.44. Croatian pharmacists most commonly recognized FDIs involving theophylline, warfarin, and tetracycline, while the lowest rate of correct answers was observed with digoxin interactions. Future studies should evaluate pharmacists' clinical practice concerning FDIs. Additionally, more research is needed to develop educational programs on this topic, either at the university level or for continuing education.</p>","PeriodicalId":30544,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy","volume":"12 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142711166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}