Historika Studi di Storia Greca e Romana最新文献

{"title":"L’Egeo fra i Persiani e Alessandro il Grande","authors":"L. Prandi","doi":"10.13135/2039-4985/1925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2039-4985/1925","url":null,"abstract":"The paper concerns the Aegean war operations between Macedonians and Persians (334-331 B.C.) and focuses on two topics of the year 333: did make Alexander a mistake when he disbanded his fleet? Was Memnon’s sudden death a really damage to the Persian hopes? Particular care is devoted to examine naval strategies and to discuss the reasons of their success or failure.","PeriodicalId":30377,"journal":{"name":"Historika Studi di Storia Greca e Romana","volume":"9 1","pages":"363-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89652233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gli Agathoi di Taso, Platone e l’eroizzazione dei caduti per la patria","authors":"F. Frisone","doi":"10.13135/2039-4985/1910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2039-4985/1910","url":null,"abstract":"Taking into account the new elements provided by a recently discovered fragment of the same inscription, the paper presents a study of the so called “Stele of the Agathoi ” from Thasos. A thorough reading of the epigraphical source brings into focus its relevance to the issue of rituals that Greek cities of the Classical period performed in honor of their citizens fallen in battle. The study also stresses a possible link with Plato’s tradition which suggests how this field was strictly inherent to changing ideas and models concerning politeia , the role of the good citizen and that of the city.","PeriodicalId":30377,"journal":{"name":"Historika Studi di Storia Greca e Romana","volume":"78 1","pages":"127-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73518382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mare, potere e demagogia nella commedia attica","authors":"G. Cuniberti","doi":"10.13135/2039-4985/1931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2039-4985/1931","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of a single attestation of thalassokratia in ancient Attic comedy, the ancient exegetes have already traced the numerous passages that lead, in mostly critical or ironic terms, to the concept of thalassokratia and especially to the compelling relationship among sea, demos and political power. Aristophanes' comedies remind the audience that the sea is necessary, but it pushes to the boundless search for absolute supremacy that ultimately leads to destruction: it is better to turn to it with moderation, or stay away. However, in addition to Aristophanes, especially the fragments of missing comedies allow to understand the complex and varied relationship between the Athenian demos and the sea, the reference point of the profit of the danger.","PeriodicalId":30377,"journal":{"name":"Historika Studi di Storia Greca e Romana","volume":"3 1","pages":"443-458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73024763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les Spartiates et la mer Ve s. av. J.-C. : des amiraux qui n’aimaient pas la mer","authors":"F. Ruzé","doi":"10.13135/2039-4985/1937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2039-4985/1937","url":null,"abstract":"Against Persians, in 480, the Greeks of the Hellenic League chose to be under the command of the Spartans, on sea as on land. Again for the end of the 5th century, Greek authors speak of Spartan hegemonia on land and sea. Actually, Spartans are very bad in sea-fight because they don’t understand its rules and they are afraid when they meet a good fleet or a bad weather. Their victories are generally on the sea-shore, not in open sea : even Lysander, the best of their navarchs, won on shore at Aigos Potamoi. Even their coastal territory is not well protected. It seems as if there was a kind of inadequacy between Spartan way of life and maritime activity, with some contempt for the maritime tekhne . So the Spartan superiority was only and exclusively on land, even when authors speak of their universal hegemony.","PeriodicalId":30377,"journal":{"name":"Historika Studi di Storia Greca e Romana","volume":"7 1","pages":"539-556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87922485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ἀρχὴ τῆς θαλάττης - ἀρχὴ τῶν κακῶν? Kompetitive Motivationen bei Thukydides, Ps.-Xenophon und Isokrates","authors":"Evangelos Alexiou","doi":"10.13135/2039-4985/1928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2039-4985/1928","url":null,"abstract":"After observing that the thalassocracy was a key point of political consideration in the 5th and 4th centuries B.C., this article focuses on the moral interplay between Thucydides, Ps.-Xenophon and Isocrates. A proper analysis of the semantics of greed, ambition and power in an intertextual dialogue and from the sea-hegemony perspective attempts to show how competitive values of time , deos and ophelia have influenced the political thinking in the 5th and 4th centuries B.C. and how Isocrates applies a moral approach in pursuing the success and in combining competitive and cooperative values, which he defines as „just greed”. The special weight is laid by Isocrates instead of deos on the combination of virtue and eunoia as far as success in foreign politics is concerned, but he does not condemn entirely the political realism of Thucydides.","PeriodicalId":30377,"journal":{"name":"Historika Studi di Storia Greca e Romana","volume":"25 1","pages":"405-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87761848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaic Naval Warfare","authors":"T. Figueira","doi":"10.13135/2039-4985/1934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2039-4985/1934","url":null,"abstract":"An enigma in Thucydides’ description of the rise of Greek naval power in his Archaiologia is his notice on the late eighth-century origination of the trireme, which may be coupled with his further specification that large trireme navies did not emerge until the late archaic period. This paper stands strongly against the tendency to reject the implications of Thucydides’ treatment, although it also explains how Atthidography in the person of Kleidemos confronted the challenge of interpreting Thucydides. It argues that the emergence of the large trireme navy required mastering administrative problems, and not merely solving engineering challenges. Resources had to be amassed for the creation and maintenance of trireme forces in early monetizing economies. Manpower had to be mobilized in a manner conforming to prevailing socio-political structures. In this context, the evidence on the appearance of triremes in archaic navies is presented. I propose that leisteia ‘brigandage’ was pervasive in archaic Greece. This ‘small war’ was particularly suited to the use of pentekontors by commercial poleis such as Aigina, Phokaia, and Samos. Corinth, however, is the best example of an early trireme navy, and its naval administration became highly developed under the Kypselid tyrants. This force structure accommodated commerce that was more passive, intermediated, and colonial, but did not lend itself to rapid mobilization. In the late archaic period, the monetization of naval warfare becomes apparent, and slavery plays a role in addressing manpower needs. Moreover, synthetic regimes of naval organization appear on Samos under Polykrates and at Athens in the naukraric system — that balance or blend leisteia and trireme warfare. The resolution of the challenges of the trireme navy is an aspect of the achievement of the more integrated classical polis , which culminated in the breakthrough of the naval arche of Athens.","PeriodicalId":30377,"journal":{"name":"Historika Studi di Storia Greca e Romana","volume":"1 1","pages":"499-515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85122209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comic Oars of Athenian Jurisdiction: Autodikia and the Manliness of Maritime Imperialism in Cloudcuckooville","authors":"E. J. Buis","doi":"10.13135/2039-4985/1932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2039-4985/1932","url":null,"abstract":"Old Comedy, as a genre pervaded by politics, frequently shows that Athenians were aware of the importance of consolidating their sea sovereignty and depriving the allied states of their traditional autodikia in order to impose their own power. This paper will deal with Aristophanes’ Birds (414 B.C.), a play in which the protagonist Peisetaerus knows very well the importance of maritime imperial ideology when he interacts with the other characters arriving to his newly-founded city. Through some recurring waves that alternate acceptance and rejection of the Athenian institutional mechanisms, Peisetaerus comically addresses a common concern of the new polis by endorsing the male imagery of self-sufficiency, authority, independence and lack of subordination.","PeriodicalId":30377,"journal":{"name":"Historika Studi di Storia Greca e Romana","volume":"4 1","pages":"459-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90016805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thalassokratia: un concetto, molti nomi","authors":"E. Bianco","doi":"10.13135/2039-4985/1908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2039-4985/1908","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of thalassocracy, although problematic and difficult to define, is commonly used by modern authors, but if we examine ancient sources, we note both an extraordinary shortage of occurrences of this word and a considerable gap between the idea of thalassokratia that appears in the authors of the classical era, which often seems to correspond to a power of the sea in more or less local area, and a broader concept that emerges later, as a political category considered in its development. Through an analysis of occurrences, in this essay we try to oppose the communis opinio that both the term and the concept must trace back to the Ionian area, emphasizing instead that this category may have better been developed in Attica during the Athenian Empire, when reflections about the hegemonic phenomenon and its antecedents could make sense and take hold. Herodotus, Pseudo-Xenophon and Thucydides could all bear witness to the existence of a highly developed debate in the early years of the Peloponnesian War, using the word thalassokratia with double sigma, perhaps because it was perceived as archaic or refined, rather than as typically Ionic. Whatever the origin of the word may be, however, it is not thoroughly used by the authors of classical prose, who preferred other options for the definition of this fundamental concept.","PeriodicalId":30377,"journal":{"name":"Historika Studi di Storia Greca e Romana","volume":"21 1","pages":"97-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77126928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspetti finanziari dell'egemonia nelle rappresentazioni speculari di Tucidide e Demostene","authors":"M. Valente","doi":"10.13135/2039-4985/912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2039-4985/912","url":null,"abstract":"Mentre Tucidide contrappone l’intraprendenza degli Ateniesi all’indolenza degli Spartani, mezzo secolo piu tardi Demostene contrappone invece l’indolenza degli Ateniesi all’intraprendenza di Filippo II di Macedonia. Queste immagini retoriche tra loro speculari riflettono l’importanza che i due autori attribuivano al denaro come strumento indispensabile per esercitare l’egemonia, il quale favoriva una politica aggressiva ed efficace mentre la sua carenza spingeva invece a un atteggiamento arrendevole e rinunciatario in politica estera. While Thucydides oppose Athenians’ boldness to Lacedaemonians’ indolence, half a century later Demosthenes oppose instead Athenians’ indolence to Philip II of Macedonia’s boldness. These rhetorical images, specular to each other, reflect importance attached by two authors to money as necessary instrument to exercise hegemony; it paved the way to an aggressive and effective politics, but its lack pushed instead to a compliant and yielding attitude in foreign policy.","PeriodicalId":30377,"journal":{"name":"Historika Studi di Storia Greca e Romana","volume":"36 4","pages":"115-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72413397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fare storia nella protostoria: la questione della presenza micenea a Cnosso alla luce dei dati archeologici e dei nuovi approcci antropologici","authors":"L. Alberti","doi":"10.13135/2039-4985/1044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13135/2039-4985/1044","url":null,"abstract":"Scopo di questo contributo e fare il punto sull’annosa e controversa questione della presenza micenea a Creta e, in particolare, a Cnosso a partire dalla meta del XV secolo a.C., la cui realta e natura negli ultimi decenni e stata messa in discussione. I principali dati che hanno indotto a credere che un gruppo di Micenei si fosse installato nel sito del palazzo di Cnosso sono rappresentati dal rinvenimento di tavolette scritte in lineare B, quindi in una forma di proto-greco, e dalla scoperta di tombe di tipo continentale con corredi caratterizzati da importanti set di armi, che fecero definire queste sepolture come “Tombe dei Guerrieri”. In anni recentissimi, particolare risonanza hanno avuto analisi archeometriche compiute su materiale osseo proveniente dalle tombe di Cnosso tramite la tecnica degli isotopi dello Stronzio ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr). Tali analisi hanno dimostrato che gli individui esaminati hanno sempre vissuto a Creta, negando quindi la possibilita che provenissero da aree al di fuori dell’isola. Per chiarire i termini del problema, prenderemo in considerazione i dati archeologici, le principali interpretazioni e i contributi piu recenti sull’argomento. Cenno sara fatto anche ad alcune questioni di carattere disciplinare che negli ultimi anni hanno condizionato i risultati e gli sviluppi dell’archeologia egea dell’eta del Bronzo. The aim of this paper is to examine the long-standing and controversial question of the Mycenaean presence in Crete and, in particular, at Knossos, from the mid-15th century BC onwards. Its actuality and its nature in recent decades have been under intense scrutiny. The main points that may support the belief that a group of Mycenaeans established themselves in the palace of Knossos are represented by the discovery of texts written in Linear B, a form of proto-Greek, and tombs of the continental type called ‘Warrior graves’, containing important weapon-sets. Very recently, bio-archaeological analysis on skeletal materials from the Knossian tombs, utilizing Strontium isotopes ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr), has resurrected interest in the question: the examined individuals passed their whole lives in Crete, negating accordingly the possibility they came from outside the island. To clarify the situation, the archaeological data and the main interpretations drawn from this will be reviewed in the light of more recent contributions. Some theoretical approaches that have deeply influenced Aegean archaeology of late will also be briefly evaluated.","PeriodicalId":30377,"journal":{"name":"Historika Studi di Storia Greca e Romana","volume":"65 1","pages":"11-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83566174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}