Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Usefulness of Ga-68 HBED-CC PSMA PET/CT for Tumor Staging in theInitial Diagnostic Assessment of Prostate Cancer","authors":"Schreiter, M. Gericke, M. Beck, P. Ghadjar, G. Boening, Schreiter Nf","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000291","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate the identification of early prostate cancer by Ga-68 HBED-CC PSMA positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using the TNM classification for orientation. Method: Sixteen men with a mean age of 68 ± 6.8 years (range, 55-80 years) who underwent Ga-68 HBED-CCPSMA PET/CT for initial diagnostic evaluation of suspected prostate cancer and biopsy at our department betweenAugust 2013 and June 2015 were included. Cancer extent determined by PET/CT and CT was retrospectively assessed by two independent observers (O2, O3) without knowledge of clinical findings and compared with the initial diagnosis (O1). Histology of the prostate and of suspected metastatic lesions in conjunction with the interdisciplinary TNM diagnosis served as the gold standard. Results: The TNM staging based on morphologic imaging criteria agreed with the gold standard for O1/O2/O3 in 38%/31%/50% of cases for PET/CT and in 19%/13%/13% for CT. Detection rates for O1/O2/O3 were 38/44%/56% versus 19%/19%/13% for T-stage (PET/CT versus CT), 81%/75%/81% versus 75%/63%/75% for N-stage, and 100%/100%/100% versus 100%/88%/100% for M-stage. Compared with histopathology, the TNM stage was underestimated with PET/CT (42%) and even more so with CT alone (81%). Conclusion: Ga-68 HBED-CC PSMA PET/CT appears to be superior to CT alone in determining the TNM stage of prostate cancer, specifically with regard to the T-stage. Nevertheless, even Ga-68 HBED-CC PSMA PET/CT appears to be limited for characterization of the primary tumor and tends to underestimate the T-stage.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130239087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Thulium-170 Brachytherapy Sources and Application inRats Treatment","authors":"I. Levinger, G. Shani","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000292","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental work where Tm-170 LDR seeds and one HDR source were used to treat cancer on rats is described. Experiments were done with Lewis rats, carrying tumor developed from implantation of CNS-1 Rat Brain Tumor Astrocytoma cells, under the thigh skin. 75% of both HDR and LDR treated rats were completely cured. I-125 seeds experiments were done as a control, only 8.3% were cured with a similar photon dose. The dose due to beta radiation is very significant and was the main reason for the treatment success.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124101147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Background Ionizing Radiations in Selected Buildings inNairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Ogola Pe, Arika Wm, Nyamai Dw, Osano Ko, Rachuonyo Ho, Wambani, Lagat Rc, Njagi Sm, Mumenya Sw, A. Koteng, Ngugi Mp, Richard O. Oduor","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000289","url":null,"abstract":"A survey taken by the world health organization (WHO) and the international commission on radiation protection (ICRP) shows that certain materials used for the construction of such buildings (rocks soils) are known to be radioactive. Exposure to indoor ionizing radiation like exposure to any other type of ionizing radiation results in critical health challenges. This work set out to determine the levels of background ionizing radiations in selected buildings around Nairobi County and its environs. The Radiation Alert R (Digilert 200) meters were used to capture the readings. The meters were held about 1 m above ground level and readings were recorded in mR/h for all buildings. Numerical data was subjected to analysis of variance using Minitab version 17.0 to determine the statistical differences of exposure levels within various areas. A total of 400 buildings were sampled. The annual indoor readings were highest in Eastleigh (4.070 mSv) and relatively lowest in Nairobi Central Business District (CBD) at 2.763 mSv, representing a deviation from WHO recommended standard of 307.0% and 176.3%, respectively. None of the buildings sampled had exposure levels below the WHO recommended standard of 1 mSv. Overall, these results indicate presence of higher levels of ionizing radiations in buildings beyond the acceptable annual threshold thereby posing significant health risk to the public. Consequently, these results could find great application in guiding the formulation of the national building code to include routine surveillance of the background ionizing radiation levels in various buildings to assess the health risk of general public as well as exploring appropriate mitigation approaches.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134634813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Leakage from a Linear Accelerator and Its Side Effects onCancer Patients","authors":"A. Kinsara, A. El-Gizawy, E. Banoqitah, Xuewei Ma","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000288","url":null,"abstract":"Radiation therapy using external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is playing an important role for effective treatment of all kinds of tumors. Peripheral dose is the result of leakage and scatter from multileaf collimators devices (MLCs), counts for 2-10% of the maximum dose given to the patient, depending on the machine used and type of treatment. The present review reveals that despite of the recent advancements in linear accelerators (LINAC) and MLC design and technology, the remaining small amount of leakage (peripheral dose) of these devices still has significant side effects on patient’s life span and quality of life after treatment. Based on the findings in this review, it is suggested that introduction of additional effective and patient-specific shielding techniques would have great impact on reducing risk of radiating healthy cells and hence adversely side effects on cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116847328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Immune Switch Responses in Relapse of Ovarian Cancer: AllSignals Needed","authors":"Cheng‐Tao Lin","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123415458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in the Setting ofBiochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer","authors":"C. McClinton, S. Sood, Xinglei Shen","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000285","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer is the most common solid malignancy among men in the Western world. Of the 50% of patients with localized prostate cancer who elect to undergo radical prostatectomy, up to 60% will experience recurrence of disease. Salvage radiotherapy is the standard treatment for biochemically recurrent prostate cancer but rates of success in terms of long-term biochemical control remain suboptimal. Functional imaging may potentially improve salvage radiotherapy via detection of disease foci which would otherwise be missed by conventional imaging modalities. Herein we review the most commonly employed PET radiotracers for prostate cancer (11C-choline, 18F-choline, and 11C-acetate) with particular attention on their ability to identify foci of recurrent disease as well as their utility as a guide for radiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129913509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of 3DVH Software with Two-dimensional Array Systems onPretreatment Verification for Volumetric-modulated Arc Therapy","authors":"Ji Hoon Park, T. Kim, Soonki Min, B. Park","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000284","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the comparison of 3DVH software and two-dimensional array systems (MatriXX, ArcCHECK, and portal dosimetry system) on pretreatment verification for volumetricmodulated arc therapy. Methods: Dosimetric measurements were performed using the verification for 20 treatment plans. Measured dosimetric differences were evaluated by gamma pass rate and percentage dose difference. Dose-volume histograms (DVHs) calculated by the treatment planning system were also compared with those predicted by the 3DVH software. Results: The mean gamma pass rates were more than 95% for the 3%/3 mm criterion, except for 3D evaluation using the 3DVH (3DVH (3D)) software in prostate cancer cases. In the cases of head-and-neck (HN) cancer, the mean gamma pass rates by ArcCHECK and 3DVH 2D evaluation (3DVH (2D)) were estimated to be lower than those of MatriXX, EPID, and 3DVH (3D) for the 2%/2 mm and 1%/1 mm criteria. The percentage dose differences were within 4% for all structures, and correlated with the mean gamma pass rate for the planning target volume (PTV) and the Dmean of the spinal cord (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the mean gamma pass rates of prostate cases presented similar results for all criteria. The percentage dose differences for structure volumes in the cases of prostate cancer (from 2.76% to 12.58%) were larger than those in the cases of HN cancer, and there was no statistical significance except for the Dmax of the bladder. Conclusion: Judging from our results, the three dosimetric devices showed similar results for pretreatment verification and portal dosimetry can be replaced as the verification system. However, the use of 3DVH software remains to be a matter for further discussion.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128779040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Post-revascularization Ejection Fraction in Patients with CoronoryArtery Disease Using Cavity-to-Myocardial Ratio of Thallium Reinjection Image(Multicenter Trial)","authors":"K. El-Sabban, Hijji Alsakhri, M. El-Gabaly, T. El-Kady, S. El-Hady","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000282","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We reported the high correlation between cavity-to-myocardial (C/M) count ratio at stress and rest thallium SPECT, and stress-rest EF calculated by MUGA test, this was confirmed by others. This correlation was explained partially by the functional mass. On the other hand, two important prognostic parameters should be considered before any revascularization technique: (1) Identification of viable myocardium and its amount, (2) Prediction of EF improvement post revascularization. Aim of the study: Correlating EF (C/M) on RD and RI image (EFRD & EFRI) image to actual EF (prevascularization EF1) and 1 year post revascularization EF2. Patients and methods: 78 patients with CAD (68 males and 10 females with mean age of 54.2+9 years) had been subjected to: (1) St-RD-RI thallium SPECT with assessment of reversible or fixed perfusion defects and calculation of C/M and consequently the EFC/M at the three settings. (2) Assessment of EF by MUGA at rest pre and 1 year post revascularization EF1 & EF2 respectively. These patients had been subjected to revascularization either by PTCA and stent (23/78 i.e., 29.5%) or by CABG (55/78, i.e., 70.5%). Results: Out of the 1560 myocardial segments (20 segments × 78 patients), 780 (50%) segments had abnormal resting wall motion. 441/780 (56.5%) of these segments were either of normal thallium uptake or with reversible perfusion defects while the rest (43.5%) showed fixed defects. 233/441 (52.8%) of those normal uptake or reversible segments showed recovery of wall motion post revascularization (PRV) while only 29/339 (15.1%) showed similar improvements. EFRI was found higher than EFRD in 44/78 of patients, no change in 23/78 patients and worsened in 11/78 patients with total agreements of 63/78 (80.8%) with EF2. On the other hand, EFRD was matched with EF1 in 64/78 of patients. 30/64 (46.9%) showed higher EF2, 23/64 (35.9%) showed similar EF2 while 11/64 (17.2%) showed lower EF2. The rest of cases 14/78 showed mismatch between EFRD and EF1 with higher values of EFRD. These patients still had higher values of EFRI and EF2 than EFRD. Conclusion: (1) Mismatch between EFRD and EF1 is an indication of presence of stunning myocardium and of good prognosis. (2) EFRI can be used to predict EF2 and so helps on selecting patients who can benefit from revascularization.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117285490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Performance of 18F-FDG PET or PET-CT in Multiple Myeloma: ASystematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Xue Liu, Jia Liang, Jun-hong Li, Qi-Lian Ran, Liang-Sen Liu, Li Jiang, Jianxiong Long, Yue-Ming Jiang, Zhixiao Wei","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000283","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic performance of 18Ffluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) or PET-computed tomography (PET-CT) in multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: A comprehensive literature search about studies that published till July 2015 was performed. Methodological quality of each study was assessed. The meta-regression and subgroup analysis was applied to assess the heterogeneity of between-study. A meta-analysis was used to state sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), area under the curve (AUC), summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve and Ca* indexes with statistical software. Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria in this meta-analysis, which comprise a total of 492 patients. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of 18F-FDG PET or PET-CT in multiple myeloma were 0.870 (95% CI, 0.825-0.907), 0.937 (95% CI, 0.892-0.967), and the AUC and the Ca* index were 0.9332, 0.869, respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of PET in multiple myeloma were 0.94495% CI, 0.887-0.977) and 0.990 (95% CI, 0.947-1.000), and the AUC and the Ca* index were 0.98, 0.95, respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for PET-CT in multiple myeloma were 0.813 (95% CI, 0.743-0.870) and 0.875 (95% CI, 0.787-0.936), and the AUC and the Ca* index were 0.88, 0.82, respectively. The funnel plots suggested the publication bias may exist. Conclusions: The whole-body 18F-FDG PET or PET-CT were imaging methods with high accuracy in differential diagnosis of multiple myeloma patients.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132793522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reirradiation in Head and Neck Cancer: A Curative Intent in Recurrence orSecond Tumors","authors":"E. Martin, Vladimir Suarezb, I. H. Cabrera, L. D. L. Peña, Gustavo Ossola Lentatia, Maria José Ortiz Gordillob, Jerónimo Pachon Ibañezb","doi":"10.4172/2155-9619.1000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9619.1000281","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of reirradiation in head and neck cancer and potential prognostic factors associated. Material and methods: Cohort study of patients treated with curative reirradiation for recurrence or second primary tumor. The analysis of RR is obtained prospectively from the database available at both centers. Statistical analysis was performed using the R Commander 2.0 software. Results: Between 2006 and 2013, 40 patients with head and neck carcinoma were reirradiated. The mean dose was 66.39 Gy. 35% of patients showed acute toxicity grade 3 or higher and 20.5% showed chronic toxicity grade 2 or higher. The median follow-up was 11 months. The overall survival at 2 years was 41%; disease free survival and locoregional control at 1 year was 35.9% and 41.1% respectively. The time between treatments and disease-free interval to death and local recurrence were statistically significant (p < 0.05); and the first treatment scheme to distant metastases.","PeriodicalId":302578,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Therapy","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127045167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}