Sociology of Innovation eJournal最新文献

{"title":"On the Future of Bitcoin and Altcoins As Currencies, Tokens for Smart Contracts, and Instruments of Commitment (IOCS): Some Considerations Regarding Blockchain Applications","authors":"Wolfgang Eibner, Kurt Rätzsch, Antonio Schulz, André Rolapp","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3285865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3285865","url":null,"abstract":"In the article we discuss following hypotheses: Thesis 1: \"Private Cryptocurrencies will not be seen as an alternative to Fiat-Money in the near future or any time soon.\" Thesis 2: \"Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs) can increasingly become an alternative to traditional Venture Capital Financing and Token might enable to build smart contracts on a decentralized infrastructure.\" In the article we explain Blockchain technology and its possible applications in a very wide range. Also are shown main cryptocurrencies in their functions as possible future currencies, as platform token, and utility token necessary for Smart Contracts, or equity token, especially for Initial Coin Offerings. A main part of the article is the discussion of possible risks in the these applications of cryptocurrencies or token, referring explicitly to technical risks, economical risks like the stability of the financial markets (volatility, deflation), but also the severe problem of manipulated markets, supplemented by some considerations on legal issues.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124636359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology and the Future of Bonded Child Labour in South Asia","authors":"Francis Kuriakose, D. Iyer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3153772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3153772","url":null,"abstract":"Child labour has persisted through many decades despite national and international legal frameworks of prohibition world over. In South Asia, this issue has been specially compounded by concerns of poor implementation and the linkage of debt bondage and intergenerational labor. This article examines the traditional systems of bonded child labour prevalent in South Asia and anticipates the manner in which technological applications could aid in anti-child labour policy implementation. The authors suggest that automation, physical mapping and supply chain tracing that technology brings in, has the potential to reduce prevalence of child labour in South Asia.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126348299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Knowledge Management Effect on Managers’ Skills Improvement","authors":"Mehdi Tajpour","doi":"10.22034/IJHCUM.2018.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2018.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge is a key factor and strategic resource for gaining assets and non-functional organizational capabilities. Knowledge Management is the knowledgeable process of creating, validating, presenting, distributing and using the knowledge in an organization. Successful organizations consider human resource development as a fundamental principle. This study aims to investigate the Knowledge Management Effect on Managers Skills Improvement. The present study is practical and the data collection method is descriptive. The statistical population includes 200 managers in Shiraz Municipality, out of whom 128 people were selected as the statistics sample by simple random sampling and Morgan’s table. The standard questionnaire of knowledge management variables and managers skills were used as the instruments for data collection. And Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient confirmed the questionnaire validity to be 0.92. The data analysis of the study was investigated by Partial Least Squares and Statistical Package for Social Science software. The results show that knowledge management has a positive and significant effect on human, operational and perceptual skills of Shiraz Municipality managers.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129209148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband to the Neighborhood: Digital Divides in Detroit","authors":"Bianca C. Reisdorf, Keith N. Hampton, Laleah Fernandez, W. Dutton","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3103457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3103457","url":null,"abstract":"This reports on the results of a study of Internet (non)use in three neighborhoods of Detroit, Michigan. The study was conducted by the Quello Center at Michigan State University, working in collaboration with the Center for Urban Studies at Wayne State University, which administered telephone interviews with 525 residents. Support for this research was provided by Rocket Fiber, a Detroit-based Internet company. \u0000This research involves a survey of three neighborhoods in Detroit to gauge levels of access to the Internet, and the factors facilitating and constraining use and adoption. The study is based primarily on a survey of residents in Cody-Rouge, Milwaukee Junction and 7/8 Mile and Woodward neighborhoods, from November through December 2017. The survey was complemented by qualitative interviews and three focus groups with Detroit residents. \u0000The findings of this study identify key digital divides within these neighborhoods, and illuminate a common pattern of Internet use in the city – what might be called Detroit’s Internet ecosystem – that helps explain the relative lack of Internet access across its households. The findings provide the basis for a set of recommendations for narrowing the digital divide, including ways to address such issues as the affordability of the Internet.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116105451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Successful Factor of New Product Development in Malaysia","authors":"Shakila Lawrence","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3089353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3089353","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to shed light on what factors influence the new product development performance (NPDP) successful in Malaysia manufacturing enterprises and identify the key success (organizational capabilities, strategies capabilities, knowledge resources, fundamental research, application R&D, manufacturing capabilities) when develop the new product. \u0000Design/methodology/approach: Quantitative research setting was applied in Malaysia manufacturing enterprises that been choose. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire responded by 100 respondent in the Manufacturing Firms in Malaysia. The relationship proposed in the developed theoretical framework were represented through three hypothesis: H1- There is positive correlation on organizational capabilities towards the new product development. H2 - There is positive correlation on strategies capabilities towards the new product development. H3 - There is positive correlation on knowledge resources towards the new product development. H4 - There is positive correlation on fundamental research towards the new product development. H5 - There is positive correlation on application R&D towards the new product development. H6 - There is positive correlation on manufacturing capabilities towards the new product development. Linear regression, ANOVA and Pearson correlation were used to test the hypotheses. \u0000Findings: The study reveals that the firm’s strategies capabilities have significant influence on the new product development performance of Malaysia manufacturing enterprises. Interestingly, organizational capabilities, knowledge resources, fundamental research, application R&D and manufacturing capabilities have no significant. \u0000Practical implications: From a practical perspective, the relationships among successful factor for developing new product performance may provide a clue regarding how firms can promote the new product to the market. Moreover, the key factors of NPDP found in the study are useful for policy makers and managers of Malaysia firms to make decision. \u0000Originality/value: This study is one of the first studies to apply the structure equation model method to measure the relationship between factor success in new product development performance and product competitiveness under the background of Malaysia manufacturing. The results provide a new framework on the how technological innovation capability influence product competitiveness of Malaysia manufacturing firms. From a managerial perspective, this study identifies several crucial factors to support new product development and discusses the implications of these factors for developing organizational strategies that encourage technological innovation.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"119 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131913856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering Powerful East Asian Women Politicians in News Media","authors":"Tsz Lam Ngai","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3085999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3085999","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigated the media representation of women politicians in mediated political communication in the context of Hong Kong, China. It attempted to supplement the previous feminism scholarship on media representation of women activists, which largely situated in Western contexts, with the example from East Asia. Contrary to the studies worldwide which argued that women politicians were confined to the trivialized topics in news media, this article demonstrated that the East Asian women politicians in Hong Kong, a special administrative region of China which was colonized by Britain, were visible in a larger variety of topics than their male counterparts in newspapers and they were more often directly quoted than the male politicians. Also, the number of editorials women politicians wrote to the mainstream press was significantly higher than the men did. Despite these, those articles the women are in occupied latter sections. A subtler analysis also discovered that the promising trends applied only to a few celebrity women politicians. These findings were based on a content analysis of 946 news articles in four Hong Kong newspapers. The conclusion discussed how the findings could inform readers about the stereotype towards East Asia as a highly patriarchal culture influenced by Confucianism in contemporary mediated political communication.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128925405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain-to-Brain Interaction at a Distance: A Global or Differential Relationship?","authors":"W. Giroldini, Luciano Pederzoli, Marco Bilucaglia, E. Prati, Patrizio E. Tressoldi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2991977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2991977","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The main objective of this exploratory study was a confirmation of the results obtained by Giroldini et al, 2016, relative to the possibility of identifying a long-distance connection between the EEG activities of two totally sensory shielded subjects, one of whom was stimulated with light and sounds. Furthermore, this study sought to answer the following questions: - What is the relationship between the power of the EEG signal in the stimulated partner and that of the other distant partner? - Is the relationship between the EEG activities of the stimulated and distant isolated partners global (i.e., an undifferentiated response), or is it differentiated and thus displays variations depending on the characteristics of the stimulation applied to the stimulated pair? Methods: Five adults chosen for their experience in mind control techniques and their mutual friendships took part in this study. Each participant took turns in being both the stimulated partner and the isolated non-stimulated partner with each of the others, making a total of 20 pair combinations. The stimulated partner received three blocks of 32 visual-auditory stimulations lasting 1 second modulated at 10 Hz, 12 Hz, and 14 Hz respectively, with a constant inter-stimulus interval of 4 seconds. The EEG activity of each pair was recorded at 128 samples/sec over 14 channels and analyzed by measuring traditional steady-state potentials and the Pearson’s linear correlation between all possible signal pairs with an innovative algorithm. Results: From the results of the twenty pairs, we found an increase in the correlation among the EEG channels of the isolated distant partners, corresponding to frequencies of the steady-state visual and auditory potentials used for the stimulated partner. Furthermore, we did not find a correlation between the response intensity elicited in the stimulated partners and that observed in the non-stimulated one suggesting that this physical characteristic cannot be transferred between isolated partners. Discussion: A mental connection at distance can allow connection of informational rather than physical characteristics of the shared signals.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"2 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132744255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information Shocks and Internet Silos: Evidence from Creationist Friendly Curriculum","authors":"Ananya Sen, Catherine Tucker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3008686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3008686","url":null,"abstract":"How the Internet affects the ability of its users to seek out information which either supports or contradicts their existing beliefs remains an open question. On the one hand, the Internet should be able to supply information which might correct falsifiable beliefs. On the other hand, as users control the manner of their search, they may find sources which support their beliefs, even if those beliefs go against the mainstream consensus. To examine this, we analyze the effect of the Louisiana Science Education Act (2008), which allowed the teaching of creationism as an alternative ‘theory’ to evolution in Louisiana schools, on students’ science test scores in nationally administered tests. Using detailed data on Louisiana schools, we employ a difference-in-differences strategy to document that science test scores declined after the law relative to schools in neighboring Texas. After the change in policy, Louisiana students were more likely to seek out information on the Internet using search terms which led them to web pages that reinforced a creationist message. The effect of the law was primarily driven by regions with high Internet penetration and low parental education levels.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"53 370 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126163770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Entrepreneurship as an Opportunity to Model an Active Social Program","authors":"V. Terziev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3149017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3149017","url":null,"abstract":"In contemporary society one of the priorities for development is to assure social inclusion and equality through provision of employment opportunities and increasing incomes by the active involvement of citizens in the labor market. Among the specific measures is the encouragement of entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship in particular. Implementation of such active social policies contributes to effective solutions to the problems of poverty and social exclusion. Current study examines social entrepreneurship and social enterprises as an opportunity to build a model of an active social program based on the notion that the most critical to tackling poverty and social exclusion is the application of such social policies that give people access to economic opportunities and knowledge and skills to utilize opportunities - so that they cope with the trap of poverty and social exclusion, dependence on social protection system, vulnerability to the adverse events of economic or social nature.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114180509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Preferences and the Growth of the British Cotton Textile Industry, c.1780-1914","authors":"S. Toms","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2950009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2950009","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the dual aspect of social networks in terms of 1) product innovators and developers and 2) the providers of finance. The growth of networks can be explained as a function of incumbents and entrants’ preferences to link with specific nodes defined according to the underlying duality. Such preferences can be used to explain network evolution and growth dynamics in the cotton textile industry, from being the first sector to develop in the industrial revolution through to its maturity. The network preference approach potentially explains several features of the long run industry life cycle: 1. The early combination of innovators with access to extensive credit networks, protected by entry barriers determined by pre-existing network structures, leading to lower capital costs for incumbents and rapid productivity growth, c.1780-1830. 2. The spread of innovation and productivity through value chain linkages during the nineteenth century. 3. The trust movement, joint stock and personal capitalism: the emergence of large firms and a preference for regional financial markets in Lancashire and Scotland. 4. The consolidation of regional instead of national business groups which help explain the decline of the industry. The paper uses case studies of firms, networks, and market institutions based on a mixture of archival evidence, drawn mainly from the financial records of a large sample of cotton firms, and contemporary publications. It stresses human interactions (as opposed to population ecology mechanisms) as determinants of the character, scale and scope of network evolution. Intergenerational features of the networks are identified and classified by these characteristics. Networks were typically bounded in terms of product innovators and less bounded in terms of finance providers. Consequently, finance providers tend to provide the impetus for the rate of network growth in expansion, maturity and contraction phases.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116707771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}