Sociology of Innovation eJournal最新文献_第10页

Scaffolding in Economics, Management, and the Design of Technologies 经济学、管理学和技术设计中的脚手架

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2012-05-21 DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/9408.003.0022

J. Murmann

引用次数: 3

How Universities Contribute to the Creation of Knowledge Intensive Firms: Detailed Evidence on the Italian Case 大学如何促进知识密集型企业的创建:意大利案例的详细证据

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2012-05-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2051473

Massimiliano Guerini, M. Colombo, A. Bonaccorsi, Cristina Rossi Lamastra

{"title":"How Universities Contribute to the Creation of Knowledge Intensive Firms: Detailed Evidence on the Italian Case","authors":"Massimiliano Guerini, M. Colombo, A. Bonaccorsi, Cristina Rossi Lamastra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2051473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2051473","url":null,"abstract":"Using information on new knowledge intensive firms (KIFs) and universities in Italy, this chapter explores whether and how new KIFs creation at the local level depends on university presence. We evaluate the impact on new KIFs creation of: i) the different knowledge inputs offered by universities to geographical areas in which they are embedded and ii) the field of science in which universities are specialized. Moreover, we study whether and how the impact of university presence on new KIFs creation in a geographical area depends on economic development. After having classified data into geographical units (NUTS 3 level, Italian provinces), according to the location of new KIFs and universities, we estimate negative binomial regression models, where the dependent variable is the number of new KIFs in each Italian province. Results suggest that new KIFs creation at the local level is influenced by university presence. Furthermore, university specialization in the field of engineering and medical sciences positively influences new KIFs creation at the local level. Finally, we find a strong and significant effect of university presence in southern less developed provinces. Conversely, our data document that university presence does not affect new KIFs creation in northern, well developed provinces. We interpret these findings in light of the Italian North-South divide.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126240587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Using Affiliation Networks to Study the Determinants of Multilateral Research Cooperation: Some Empirical Evidence from EU Framework Programs in Biotechnology 利用隶属网络研究多边研究合作的决定因素:来自欧盟生物技术框架计划的一些经验证据

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2012-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2060275

C. Hazir, C. Autant-Bernard

{"title":"Using Affiliation Networks to Study the Determinants of Multilateral Research Cooperation: Some Empirical Evidence from EU Framework Programs in Biotechnology","authors":"C. Hazir, C. Autant-Bernard","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2060275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2060275","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies multilateral cooperation networks among organizations and work on a two-mode representation to study the decision to participate in a consortium. Our objective is to explain the underlying processes that give rise to multilateral collaboration networks. Particularly, we are interested in how heterogeneity in organizations' attributes plays a part and in the geographical dimension of this formation process. We use the data on project proposals submitted to the 7th Framework Program (FP) in the area of Life sciences, Biotechnology and Biochemistry for Sustainable Non-Food. We employ exponential random graph models (p* models) (Frank and Strauss, 1986 ; Wasserman and Pattison, 1996) with node attributes (Agneessens et al., 2004), and we make use of extensions for affiliation networks (Wang et al., 2009). These models do not only enable handling variability in consortium sizes but also relax the assumption on tie/triad independence. We obtained some preliminary results indicating institutional types as a source of heterogeneity affecting participation decisions. Also, these initial results point out that organizations take their potential partners' participations in other projects into account in giving their decision ; organizations located in the core European countries tend to participate in the same project ; the tendency to preserve the composition of a consortium across projects and the tendency of organizations with the same institutional type to co-participate are not significant.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126586732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Expertics (General Theory of Expertise) 专业知识(一般专业知识理论)

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2012-04-06 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2035367

A. Nesterov

引用次数: 1

Knowledge Spillover Versus Economic Bonding Theories - The Inclinations of the Nigerian Auditing Firms 知识溢出与经济联系理论——尼日利亚审计公司的倾向

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2012-03-14 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2022103

E. Okoye, Rosemary Obasi

{"title":"Knowledge Spillover Versus Economic Bonding Theories - The Inclinations of the Nigerian Auditing Firms","authors":"E. Okoye, Rosemary Obasi","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2022103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2022103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the inclination of the Nigerian auditing firms to the various theories on auditor independence i.e. the Knowledge Spill over (KSo) and Economic Bonding (EB) theories. Researches have been conducted in different countries by different researchers ascertaining which theory their auditors would support. Hence, the aim of this study is to determine the bent of mind of the Nigerian auditing firms. The survey questionnaire was employed to elicit information from the auditors. Four states across the poles of the nation formed the population of the study from which the sample was drawn. One hundred and one questionnaires were distributed and sixty-two were retrieved, representing sixty-one percent. The mean scores were used to analyze the data and the t-test and z-test statistics were employed to test the hypothesis using stata 9 software. The study finds that Nigerian auditing firms are in support of the KSo theory. This finding was only supported by the variable size while the other two variables (experience and regulating institution) did not support the theory. We therefore recommend strict regulatory follow ups to ensure adherence to the Nigeria’s corporate governance requirements.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126979215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Crisis Management in Social Media and Digital Age: Recall Problem and Challenges to Toyota 社交媒体和数字时代的危机管理:丰田的召回问题和挑战

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2010-05-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1603027

Jay Rajasekera

{"title":"Crisis Management in Social Media and Digital Age: Recall Problem and Challenges to Toyota","authors":"Jay Rajasekera","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1603027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1603027","url":null,"abstract":"Social media, such as Facebook and Twitter have added new meaning to spreading news and information. While the traditional information channels such as newspapers, radios, and TV, are one-way mediums, the dawn of the Internet and social media have made communication a two-way extravaganza. The lack of any official control, supervision, or regulation has fueled a social media frenzy, which has proved to be a very effective method of rallying around a mass on any significant or even not so significant issue. The recent banning of Facebook, and others alike, by certain governments is proof that social media cannot be ignored. Though authoritarian governments can resort to such drastic methods, public corporations cannot afford to do so. Corporations have no other way than to live with social media phenomenon -- either countering effectively, when a crisis starts brewing or suffering the consequences when it grows out of proportions.Under this light, it is interesting to explore how the recall-troubled Toyota has handled the social media and what options are available for Toyota in order to prevent the situation go out of control and harming the worldwide reputation it has strenuously built over the decades as a top quality auto maker.Toyota’s recall has exposed a bit of “digitization in automobile” industry as well. The digital technology in music and video industry, along with its exploitation by Apple using Internet and social media, basically pushed the old industry heavyweight Sony to the sideline. Could the same thing happen to Toyota? Can a new comer exploit the digitization in automobile, in conjunction with Internet and social media, to dethrone an established giant such as Toyota?","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127492282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Factors that Influence Self Control and its Effect to Perceived Fear Through Perceived Risk of Accountant in Social Network Sites 影响社交网站会计自我控制的因素及其对感知恐惧的影响

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2010-03-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1587255

C. Sibarani

引用次数: 0

Real Economics in Virtual Worlds: A Massively Multiplayer Online Game Case Study: Runescape 虚拟世界中的真实经济:大型多人在线游戏案例研究:《Runescape

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2009-12-25 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.1655084

T. E. Bilir

{"title":"Real Economics in Virtual Worlds: A Massively Multiplayer Online Game Case Study: Runescape","authors":"T. E. Bilir","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1655084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1655084","url":null,"abstract":"This thesis explores economic aspects of virtual worlds by focusing on a specific massively multiplayer online role-playing game, RuneScape. In particular, it examines the similarities and differences between the virtual economics and real world economics, the economic understanding of RuneScape players and the possibility of using virtual worlds as a laboratory for testing economic behavior and theory. This thesis uses a versatile methodology that includes texts, direct observation, self-reports, and other reports to investigate the research questions. Virtual economics in general and RuneScape in specific are understudied so far and this study fills a gap in the literature. The unique contributions of this thesis are: a comprehensive survey that reveals player perceptions of economics, a new equation useful for modeling money supply, and a new use of faucet-drain economy in massively multiplayer online games. The results indicate that virtual economics of RuneScape partially reflects real world economics, player perceptions of virtual and real world economy are surprisingly complex, and virtual worlds can be used to study real world economics. Game developers, players, economists, educators, researchers, and individuals who are interested in massively multiplayer online games and economy in general can benefit from this study.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120952347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Integrating the Social Network to Diffusion Model and Evaluation of the Value of Hubs in the Adoption Process 社会网络与扩散模型的整合及采用过程中枢纽价值的评价

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2009-12-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1526490

J. Goldenberg, O. Lowengart, Daniel Shapira

{"title":"Integrating the Social Network to Diffusion Model and Evaluation of the Value of Hubs in the Adoption Process","authors":"J. Goldenberg, O. Lowengart, Daniel Shapira","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1526490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1526490","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we analytically study the effect of social hubs on the penetration of new products. Aggregating individual-level social network considerations to the market level, we identify boundary conditions for hubs' effect on diffusion. Our results demonstrate that seeding hubs has a differential accelerating effect on diffusion measured by the additional net present value (NPV) of potential future sales. On the basis of closed-form solutions, we find that where consumers’ decisions to purchase a new product are almost entirely induced by word-of-mouth communications, seeding a small number of hubs whose social-connectedness is about 10 times greater than that of ordinary individuals, may help initiate a valuable diffusion process in which the NPV is increased by several tens of percentage points. On the other hand, seeding such highly connected hubs adds less than 1% to the NPV. Tapping into a category of social influence that is characterized by the number and intensity of social ties, we find that a hub’s “area of influence” has greater impact on NPV than its tie intensity. Focusing on the evolution of adoption in a segment of hubs, we show that the product life cycle in this segment is about two to three times shorter than the life cycle in the entire market. We find that the ratio of hub-to-non-hub degree has the most significant impact on reducing life cycle length, and its effect exceeds other effects (i.e., the average proportion of hubs among individuals' neighbors, the intensity of external influence, or word-of-mouth communications). We examine the proposed analytical framework using empirical data from an online social network.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125783730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Networks, Hierarchies, and Markets: Aggregating Collective Problem Solving in Social Systems 网络、等级和市场:社会系统中聚集的集体问题解决

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2009-06-02 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1413298

D. Lazer, Ines Mergel, Curtis E Ziniel, K. Esterling, Michael Neblo

{"title":"Networks, Hierarchies, and Markets: Aggregating Collective Problem Solving in Social Systems","authors":"D. Lazer, Ines Mergel, Curtis E Ziniel, K. Esterling, Michael Neblo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1413298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1413298","url":null,"abstract":"How do decentralized systems collectively solve problems? Here we explore the interplay among three canonical forms of collective organization--markets, networks, and hierarchies--in aggregating decentralized problem solving. We examine these constructs in the context of how the offices of members of Congress individually and collectively wrestle with the Internet, and, in particular, their use of official websites. Each office is simultaneously making decisions about how to utilize their website. These decisions are only partially independent, where offices are looking at each other for lessons, following the same directives from above about what to do with the websites, and confront the same array of potential vendors to produce their website. Here we present the initial results from interviews with 99 Congressional offices and related survey of 100 offices about their decisions regarding how to use official Member websites. Strikingly, we find that there are relatively few efforts by offices to evaluate what constituents want or like on their websites. Further, we find that diffusion occurs at the \"tip of the iceberg\": offices often look at each others' websites (which are publicly visible), but rarely talk to each other about their experiences or how they manage what is on their websites (which are not publicly visible). We also find that there are important market drivers of what is on websites, with the emergence of a small industry of companies seeking to serve the 440 Members. Hierarchical influences--through the House and through the party conferences--also constrain and subsidize certain practices.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115178347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2