Sociology of Innovation eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Start-ups, Gender Disparities, and the Fintech Revolution in Latin America","authors":"B. Batiz-Lazo, Ignacio González-Correa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3911351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3911351","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers the process of entrepreneurial activity to deploy financial technologies (fintech) through mandate-specific new companies in Latin America. We deal with important historical issues such as defining the term, establishing temporal and industrial activity boundaries, positioning this particular process within other organizational forms typical of the region, the role of women and other relevant issues such as the modernization of retail payments and personal lending. A central question is whether fintech start-ups have had a 'scissor' effect in the entrepreneurial process of Latin America: at the base of the pyramid (that is, reducing frictions to support overall entrepreneurial activity, increasing financial inclusion, etc.) and near the top (by creating new business leaders). As a result, this chapter provides an initial assessment of gender disparities and barriers enabling women entrepreneurs in the fintech ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121886270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Role of Cultural Values and Semantic Priming in Elite Cognition and Utility Assessment of Hydraulic Fracturing","authors":"Rachael M. Moyer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3855520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3855520","url":null,"abstract":"Hydraulic fracturing is a highly technical method for accessing unconventional sources of oil and gas. Despite being perceived by some as promising and innovative, the technique remains highly controversial in the U.S. Uncertainties regarding the consequences of its use and contested issue frames support entrenched policy debates around this issue. This research investigates local policy elites’ perception of the utility of hydraulic fracturing using original survey data (n=322). The study examines how culturally-biased values and aspects of issue frames are used by policy elites to think about and assess this issue.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121980690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Squatting a Good Business for the Security Industry? A Case Analysis from Spain","authors":"Marcos Gonzalez-Fernandez, Carmen González-Velasco","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3792884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3792884","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to analyze the relation between the rise of the squatter movement in Spain and the evolution of firms involved into the security and surveillance business. We hypothesize that the upsurge of this phenomenon might benefit the evolution of these companies. Using Google searches to measure the citizens’ attention and concerns to the squatter movement, we analyze their impact on the evolution of the unique security company listed in the Spanish stock market: Prosegur. The empirical analysis points out to a positive and significant relationship, which is robust to the inclusion of other market variables. Moreover, we find out that this relationship disappears or turns negative for other types of firms and for the stock market in general, suggesting that our measure of attention to the squatter movement might actually be a proxy for an impairment of the rule of law in Spain.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132475250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Solving for X?' Towards a Problem-Finding Framework to Ground Long-Term Governance Strategies for Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Hin-Yan Liu, M. Maas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3761623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3761623","url":null,"abstract":"Change is hardly a new feature in human affairs. Yet something has begun to change in change. In the face of a range of emerging, complex, and interconnected global challenges, society’s collective governance efforts may need to be put on a different footing. Many of these challenges derive from emerging technological developments – take Artificial Intelligence (AI), the focus of much contemporary governance scholarship and efforts. AI governance strategies have predominantly oriented themselves towards clear, discrete clusters of pre-defined problems. We argue that such ‘problem-solving’ approaches may be necessary, but are also insufficient in the face of many of the ‘wicked problems’ created or driven by AI. <br><br>Accordingly, we propose in this paper a complementary framework for grounding long-term governance strategies for complex emerging issues such as AI into a ‘problem-finding’ orientation. We first provide a rationale by sketching the range of policy problems created by AI, and providing five reasons why problem-solving governance approaches to these challenges fail or fall short. We conversely argue that that creative, ‘problem-finding’ research into these governance challenges is not only warranted scientifically, but will also be critical in the formulation of governance strategies that are effective, meaningful, and resilient over the long-term. <br><br>We accordingly illustrate the relation between- and the complementarity of problem-solving and problem-finding research, by articulating a framework that distinguishes between four distinct ‘levels’ of governance: problem-solving research generally approaches AI (governance) issues from a perspective of (Level 0) ‘business-as-usual’ or as (Level 1) ‘governance puzzle-solving’. In contrast, problem-finding approaches emphasize (Level 2) ‘governance Disruptor-Finding’; or (Level 3) ‘Charting Macrostrategic Trajectories’. We apply this theoretical framework to contemporary governance debates around AI throughout our analysis to elaborate upon and to better illustrate our framework. <br><br>We conclude with reflections on nuances, implications, and shortcomings of this long-term governance framework, offering a range of observations on intra-level failure modes, between-level complementarities, within-level path dependencies, and the categorical boundary conditions of governability (‘Governance Goldilocks Zone’). We suggest that this framework can help underpin more holistic approaches for long-term strategy-making across diverse policy domains and contexts, and help cross the bridge between concrete policies on local solutions, and longer-term considerations of path-dependent societal trajectories to avert, or joint visions towards which global communities can or should be rallied.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123279121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ehi’s Predictions for the Anti-Money Laundering Sector in 2021","authors":"E. Esoimeme","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3752074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3752074","url":null,"abstract":"The year 2020 witnessed the introduction of new rules and regulations by the United Kingdom for virtual asset service providers, and for the first time, a Bitcoin “Mixer” was Penalized by the United States Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) for Violating Anti-Money Laundering Laws. The anti-money laundering landscape also witnessed a shift from documentation based procedures to electronic evidence. This was as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The year 2021 will likely continue from where the year 2020 stopped with more regulations and enforcement actions. \u0000 \u0000This paper provides an in-depth review and analysis of the topics that are likely to trend on the anti-money laundering space in 2021. This paper predicts that countries around the world will introduce more rules and regulations for virtual asset service providers along with the adoption of an appropriate mix of on-site and off-site supervision of dealers in precious metals, precious stones or jewels, including the introduction of corporate transparency and register reforms. This paper also predicts that financial institutions will enhance their anti-money laundering systems and controls to accommodate application programming interfaces during the customer onboarding process, and upgrade their anti-money laundering surveillance monitoring systems to a new system that can detect highly suspicious transaction patterns including possible layering schemes, transactions not commensurate with the business’s purpose, and commingling of funds between two independent check cashing entities. \u0000 \u0000This paper concludes that the combined power of robotic process automation, machine learning technology and human intelligence will help to deter and detect money laundering.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134004390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network Structure and Temporal Myopia","authors":"Sonja Opper, R. Burt","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3806412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3806412","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the link between the social networks surrounding business leaders and temporal myopia in strategic planning. Specifically, we hypothesize that processes characteristic of being embedded in a closed network are associated with a lack of foresight and a tendency to neglect long-run strategic planning. Using a probability sample of 700 CEOs in China, we show that network closure is associated with temporal myopia, which is evidenced in various measures of business planning. We show that managers embedded in closed networks are less experienced in long-run planning, and are also less successful in implementing long-run business plans. Our contribution to the literature is twofold: we add a network perspective to the literature on temporal myopia in strategic management; and more significantly, by grounding temporal myopia in the network surrounding a person, we separate temporal myopia from the person. Myopia emerges from the social situations we create, or in which we find ourselves.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126173650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrative Model of Market Orientation on Innovation Performance","authors":"N. Wahyuni, I. Astawa","doi":"10.35609/jmmr.2020.5.1(5)","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2020.5.1(5)","url":null,"abstract":"Objective –This paper seeks to provide new insights into the relationship between market orientation and innovation performance by empirically testing the direct effect of market orientation (MO) on innovation performance and exploring the effects of moderation in marketing constructs, namely customer relationship management (CRM) and knowledge management, in these relationships.\u0000Methodology/Technique – This study adopts a cross-sectional research design. Data is collected from export-oriented manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. The data is analysed using PLS structural equation modeling.\u0000Findings – Our findings reveal that MO is a significant driver of innovation performance. The results further confirm that CRM plays a moderating role in the interrelation between market orientation and innovation performance. In addition, market orientation and knowledge management have a positive effect on innovation performance.\u0000Novelty – These results prove that the interaction of CRM and knowledge management with market orientation, each have a significant impact on innovation performance. Market orientation behavior more effectively achieves innovation performance in manufacturing SMEs if the MO is interactive with CRM and knowledge management. This research adds new insights to the existing literature and has implications for future research and marketing practices in Indonesia, giving implications for marketing managers and export researchers about managing market orientation, CRM development, and knowledge management.\u0000Type of Paper: Empirical\u0000Keywords: Market Orientation; Customer Relationship Management; Knowledge Management, Innovation Performance.\u0000Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Wahyuni, N. M; Astawa; I.P. 2020. An Integrative Model of Market Orientation on Innovation Performance. J. Mgt. Mkt. Review, 5(1) 51 – 63 https://doi.org/10.35609/jmmr.2020.5.1(5)\u0000JEL Classification: M30, M31, M39.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"349 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134073907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Workers Rewarded for Inconsistent Performance?","authors":"Anil Özdemir, H. Dietl, G. Rossi, Robert Simmons","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3559316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3559316","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines whether workers are rewarded for inconsistent performances by salary premia. Some earlier research suggests that performance inconsistency leads to salary premia while other research finds premia for consistent performances. Using detailed salary and performance data, we find that inconsistency is rewarded for some dimensions of performance, specifically those where creativity is important and outcomes have higher variance. We find salary penalties for inconsistent performances in those dimensions that are basic requirements of successful team production.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115076829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incentives on the Lightning Network : A Blockchain-Based Payment Network","authors":"Louis Bertucci","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3540581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3540581","url":null,"abstract":"The Lightning Network is a decentralized payment network built on top of a block-chain, in which intermediary nodes provide a trust-less routing service for end users. We provide an overview of the current state of the network and show that it can be well approximated by a scale free generative model with a fitness parameter, which suggests that nodes behave strategically on the network. Those strategic interactions between nodes can be described by a Bertrand competition model with capacity constraints. We show that there is a unique equilibrium in which a centralized network is never optimal, and the routing fee is strictly greater than the marginal cost. When nodes are heterogeneous in their opportunity cost of capital only, the equilibrium network structure can match the current state of the network.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114653052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender-Based Operational Issues Arising From On-Demand Ride-Hailing Platforms: Safety Concerns and System Configuration","authors":"Pengfei Guo, Christopher S. Tang, Yanli Tang, Yulan Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3260427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3260427","url":null,"abstract":"Problem definition: A critical problem associated with ride-hailing platforms is safety for female users (riders and drivers). One way to resolve or at least alleviate this problem is to migrate from the commonly adopted gender-neutral \"pooling\" system that matches riders with drivers without considering gender to a \"hybrid\" system with a female-only option. Will switching to a hybrid system result in a win-win outcome for all parties (riders, drivers and the platform)? If the current pooling system is kept, how shall platforms work on the user safety to improve their performance? With a hybrid system, female riders would have the flexibility to choose between the pooling and female-only option. Taking into consideration the limited supply of female drivers, should such flexibility also be granted to female drivers? \u0000 \u0000Academic/Practical Relevance: \u0000In this paper, we make an initial examination of how female users' safety concerns affect the system configuration of ride-hailing platforms. \u0000 \u0000Methodology: A game-theoretical analysis is used to investigate the performance of two operational systems: a pure pooling system and a hybrid system. For each system, we analyze a two-stage queueing game by first determining the respective equilibrium \"joining\" and \"participating\" behaviors of riders and drivers, and then deriving the platform's optimal pricing and wage decisions. \u0000 \u0000Results: First, we show that in a pooling system, the marginal improvement in the platform's profit increases with the safety confidence on the rider demand side but diminishes with the safety confidence on the driver supply side. Therefore, platforms should improve female riders' safety confidence as much as possible while ensuring that female drivers' safety confidence is sufficiently high. Interestingly, we demonstrate that increasing driver safety confidence may not lead to more female riders joining the pooling system. We find that in a hybrid system, flexibility should not be fully granted to female drivers because it can jeopardize the efficiency of the system. A comparison of the equilibrium outcomes associated with pooling and hybrid systems reveals that when safety-concerned female users' safety confidence falls to certain levels, switching from a pooling system to a hybrid system can result in a win-win outcome on the two most important goals, increasing the accessibility for safety-concerned female users and improving the platform's profitability, although male and safety-unconcerned female users might be worse off. \u0000 \u0000Managerial Implications: Our results shed light on platforms' operational system design, that is, on which side the platform should put more effort into enhancing safety confidence in a pooling system, when to switch to a hybrid system and to what extent the platform should grant female drivers flexibility to choose in a hybrid system. Our analysis also provides a plausible explanation for the adoption of different systems in countries with differing l","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123917056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}