Sociology of Innovation eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Driving Me to Drink: The Relationship between Ride-Hailing Services and Alcohol Consumption","authors":"Gordon Burtch, Brad N. Greenwood, J. McCullough","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3490803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3490803","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alcohol consumption is associated with a wide range of adverse health consequences and is a leading cause of preventable deaths. Ride hailing services such as Uber have been found prevent alcohol-related motor vehicle fatalities. These services may, however, facilitate alcohol consumption generally and binge drinking in particular. \u0000 \u0000Objective: To measure the impact of ride hailing services on the extent and intensity of alcohol consumption. We allow these associations to depend on population density as the utilization of ride hailing services likely varies across markets. \u0000 \u0000Methods: We exploit the phased rollout of the ride hailing platform Uber using a difference in differences approach. We use this variation to measure changes in alcohol consumption among a local population following Uber’s entry. Data are drawn from Uber press releases to capture platform entry and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Systems (BRFSS) Annual Survey measures alcohol consumption in 113 metropolitan areas. Models are estimated using fixed effects Poisson regression. Pre- and post-entry trends are used to validate this approach. \u0000 \u0000Results: Ride hailing has no effect on the extent of alcohol consumption in high- 0.61 [95% CI: - 0.05% to 1.28%] or low- 0.61 [95% CI: -0.05% to 1.28%] density markets, but increases the binge drinking rate by 0.71 [95% CI: 0.13% to 1.29%]. This corresponds to a 4% increase in binge-drinking within an MSA. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: Ride hailing services appear to stimulate risky behavior, in the form of binge drinking, which has been associated with a wide array of adverse health outcomes. Drunk driving rates have fallen for more than a decade, while the incidence of binge drinking has continued to climb. Both trends may be accelerated by ride hailing services. This suggests that health information messaging should increase emphasis on the direct dangers of alcohol consumption and binge drinking.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125141411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switched Reluctance Motor, the future of Modern Electric Vehicle - A Technical Review","authors":"Mejo Paul, J. F T","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3431047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3431047","url":null,"abstract":"Development is always the concern of the world. World always looks forward to more and more comforts in the life of people. One of the areas which contributed to this development is the automation, which reduced the effort of people, reduced the distance and the time required for a job. The distance and time could be shortened by the engines used for vehicles, starting with internal combustion engine, steam engine and so on. But at the same time, development had brought in few unwanted features too. The next phase of modernization is to reduce this unwanted features. This brought in the idea of electric drives, even to the electric vehicle. The new era progresses in this search of upgrading the technology with electric and hybrid vehicles, where the conventional electric motors, induction or DC motors, replace the drive. It is the apt time to progress above the same with special electrical machines namely Switched Reluctance Motor. Researches show that the machine will have a far reaching influence in the development of the world, in different areas of automation, especially in the vehicle technology.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125659491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rise of Sustainable Civilization","authors":"Rabih Hassan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3423879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3423879","url":null,"abstract":"Different theories went to implementation in policy process to solve problems. There are many advantages and disadvantages to guide solving problems and could be combined and have a great potential by reaching a model. Theoretically speaking, how can we activate our ideas? How evolution of those ideas will help to get a model theory that can help people solving their problems? How to make them grow? How to they become part of the structure of our existence?<br><br>A condition is not necessarily a problem. Conditions defined as problems when we come to believe that we should do something about them. People redefine conditions as problems and pay attention to them when there are changes in indicators, focusing events and feedback. They redefine social conditions as problems by making comparison and framing.<br><br>Generating policy alternatives and proposals in communities of specialists resembles a process of biological natural selection. In policy “primeval soup,” many ideas appear, float around these communities and then fade. Both new and existing ideas confront one another and combine with in various ways, and finally some ideas survive and taken more seriously as important policies. There are some criteria for survival such as technical feasibility and value acceptability.<br>","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130801233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert Opinion for the Polish Chamber of Physicians and Dentists on Innovative Tobacco Products and Electronic Cigarettes","authors":"L. Gruszczynski, Matuesz Zatoński, W. Zatoński","doi":"10.5114/jhi.2019.87839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/jhi.2019.87839","url":null,"abstract":"This article is an amended version of the expert opinion dated 15 January 2019, prepared by the authors at the request of the Polish Chamber of Physicians and Dentists in response to the letter from the Ministry of Finance (no. PA5.8190.84.2018) regarding innovative tobacco products and electronic cigarettes. The article argues that the inclusion of both categories of products within the scope of excise duties is a rational regulatory solution. Such an approach allows for meeting not only the fiscal goal of excise taxation, but also the social goal in the area of public health protection (particularly with respect to adolescents).","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125313003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Collaborative Community to Competitive Market: The Quest to Build a Crowdsourcing Platform for Social Innovation","authors":"T. Kohler, H. Chesbrough","doi":"10.1111/radm.12372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12372","url":null,"abstract":"Crowdsourcing presents new opportunities to generate social innovation. However, many crowdsourcing social innovation initiatives struggle with turning their promising projects into sustaining platforms. We studied how to design crowdsourcing platforms for social innovation by building and examining a platform called travel2change. We illustrate a framework of crowdsourcing platform building blocks based on the evolution of our case study from a collaborative community to a competitive market. Thriving platforms have a clear purpose, they facilitate value&#8208;creating interactions for well&#8208;understood actors and build a valid business model. The insights reveal design principles to guide organizations that seek to leverage crowdsourcing for social impact.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130193433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role and Importance of Social Media on Women Entrepreneurship","authors":"Ziauddin Merza","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3408414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3408414","url":null,"abstract":"The role and importance of social media on women entrepreneurship is the purpose of this research to provide a philosophical discussion of various work of women entrepreneurs using social media as their primary tools for their businesses. Nearly it has been two decades of social media which are powerful tools to communicate with friends and family with limitless connectivity globally. Never before we had access around the world as compare to these days with the help of social media and it’s a decade which social media became nearly parts of everyone’s life and if we see the statistics of developed and under-developing countries where more than 70 to 80 percent of their papulation are using internet and most these are new adults between 18 to 35 years old and these adults spend most of these are time on the internet and social media searching for information, products or chat with friends and family in one the social media platforms; there are countless benefits of social media in our personal and business lives. Social media with the help of new technology pave the ground for millions of people to find online jobs for themselves or create businesses for others globally. Women entrepreneurship are not exception of these big change millions of women used these opportunities and its nearly a decade where women use social media for the business purposes to sell products and services. Moreover, this study provides details on how women use these social media affectively in their businesses and what are the factors which help these individual business women in the online business on social media. In addition, this study shows useful ways to apply for an online business basically business which their first target is social media. This study used quantitative research technique and the data was collected from 250 respondents who use social media as primary tools in Kabul Afghanistan. The data was analyzed with the help of SPSS version 22 and AMOS version 23. The outcomes of this dissertation showed that security and ease of use in social media have no significant effect on women entrepreneurship, on the other hand multi-channel, trust and access ability of social media have positive and perceived effect on women entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122865493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Social Network Effects in Labor Markets: Evidence From Facebook's Entry into College Campuses","authors":"Luis Armona","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3381938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3381938","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I estimate the causal effect of increased exposure to online social networks during college on future labor market outcomes. \u0000 \u0000Using quasi-random variation from Facebook's entry to college campuses during its infancy, I exploit a natural experiment to determine the relationship between online social network access and future earnings. \u0000 \u0000I find a positive effect on wages from Facebook access during college. This positive effect is largest in magnitude for female students, and students from lower-middle class families. \u0000I provide evidence that this positive effect from Facebook access comes through the channel of increased social ties to former classmates, which in turn leads to strengthened employment networks between college alumni. \u0000 \u0000My estimates imply that access to Facebook for 4 years of college causes a 2.7 percentile increase in a cohort's average earnings, relative to the earnings of other individuals born in the same year. This translates to an average nominal wage increase of $3,000-$5,000 in 2014.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130648251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact Analysis of Welfare Schemes of Women’s Empowerment: With Reference to RMK, STEP and E-Haat","authors":"Dr Nisha Pandey, Prof. D. Parthasarathy","doi":"10.34218/jom.6.2.2019.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/jom.6.2.2019.018","url":null,"abstract":"Empowerment of women essentially mean improving the social, political and economic status of women, especially the traditional underprivileged one. It means creating an environment where women are free from any kind of physical, mental abuse, exploitation, and prejudice that they are the most vulnerable section in the society. Recognising the importance of women in the economic growth of the nation, the Government of India along with State Governments has been taking several efforts since post-independence period to uplift women from their conditions in general. Attempts were made by the Government to address the issues through employment, empowerment, labour force participation, education, gender equality and entrepreneurship. The focus of Government is progressively shifting towards promoting women entrepreneurship to motivate women to participate in the economic activities. The study examines the perspective of women who are getting benefitted through various government schemes implemented in assistance with nongovernmental organizations. The impact observed is in terms of such as - financial assistance, training facilities, infrastructure and its awareness, motivation, confidence, increase in the rate of women opting for entrepreneurship. Studies have shown that such initiatives are boosting self-confidence, increasing the purchasing power and decision making power, leading to their empowerment. It, therefore, addresses the economic, socio-cultural, inter-personal, psychological, political and legal domains of empowerment. The study has been conducted in three selected village of Maharashtra. Data was collected from various NGO, Women entrepreneurs and women beneficiaries associated with various Self-Help Group’s (SHG’s) in the Kanave, Shahapur (Dist. Thane) and Vengaon, Karjat (Dist. Raigad) regions. The Mixed method approach has been adopted for analysis of this research. Primary data was collected from personal interviews with well-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions in both the areas.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127820407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National System of Researchers – Conacyt and the Fight Against Poverty in Mexico: Winds of Change and Generational","authors":"Carlos Medel-Ramírez, Hilario Medel-Lopez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3374999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3374999","url":null,"abstract":"Since the creation of the National System of Researchers (SNI) in 1984, research and technological development recognizes the work of researchers adhering to the SNI, by granting an economic stimulus, gradual and correlated to the level of importance of their productivity and scientific creation, whose purpose is to promote the development of science and technology in Mexico. The Council of Science and Technology (Conacyt), defines the policy line of action in the field of scientific and technological research, in accordance with the priorities that the National Development Plan, establishes as a priority in the search for a better state of economic development and social. Currently, one of the main problems facing Mexico is the poverty they present in large sectors of the population, both in rural and urban areas. The condition of poverty means that the population that suffers it suffers from economic marginalization and social exclusion, whose objective expression corresponds, among others, to the lack of opportunities for access to employment, health, education and the presence of food deprivation, being these conditions unfavorable This invites us to ask ourselves: how to tackle the fight against poverty and social exclusion, from the perspective of social research, in support of the elaboration of a public policy that social development in Mexico? In this sense, a first note invites us to reflect on the following: how to support, from the field of research and academia, the elaboration of public policy that seeks to direct more precise actions in the fight against multidimensional poverty and social exclusion? The scientific and social responsibility of the members of the SNI, and in particular, those whose specialty is the study of poverty, is to contribute to promoting, in a knowledge society, the generation of quality scientific articles, but also the generation of proposals for lines of action that allow the State, the design of public policy that seeks a more objective and transparent action in the use of public resources destined to actions to combat multidimensional poverty and social exclusion . In this way, it is important to recognize what is the total number of SNI researchers who study poverty as a specialty line? and what is the level of category that holds in the SNI and which institutions carry out research on poverty ?, in this way to get closer to what is the scheme of the generational change of researchers of the SNI, in the study of poverty in Mexico?","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122840387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identify Potential Breaking News Based on Social Media Posts Using Machine Learning","authors":"Kunal Dawda, Bhumi Dedhia, M. Desai, Radhika Kotecha","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3370223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3370223","url":null,"abstract":"Social media consists of interactive applications and platforms for creating and exchange of user-generated contents. Due to its ease of use, speed and reach, social media is changing the public discourse in society and setting trends and agendas in topics that range from the healthcare and educational industry to politics and the technology. In recent days, the use of Social Media (Twitter) has tremendously increased. People are 24x7 available on Social Media and post and share a lot of data. The aim and goal of this project is to use the data from Social Media for predicting the news from it and calling for help in crisis. Sometimes it happens like there is a disaster or tragedy in some area and no emergency services are called. The proposed work classifies Twitter Trending Topics into categories such as disease, healthcare and calamities. Implementation conducted on twitter dataset shows effectiveness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123007461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}