Sociology of Innovation eJournal最新文献_第5页

The Taking Economy: Uber, Information, and Power 索取经济:优步、信息和权力

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2017-03-09 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2929643

Ryan Calo, Alex Rosenblat

{"title":"The Taking Economy: Uber, Information, and Power","authors":"Ryan Calo, Alex Rosenblat","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2929643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2929643","url":null,"abstract":"Sharing economy firms such as Uber and Airbnb facilitate trusted transactions between strangers on digital platforms. This creates economic and other value and raises a set of concerns around racial bias, safety, and fairness to competitors and workers that legal scholarship has begun to address. Missing from the literature, however, is a fundamental critique of the sharing economy grounded in asymmetries of information and power. This Article, coauthored by a law professor and a technology ethnographer who studies the ride-hailing community, furnishes such a critique and indicates a path toward a meaningful response. Commercial firms have long used what they know about consumers to shape their behavior and maximize profits. By virtue of sitting between consumers and providers of services, however, sharing economy firms have a unique capacity to monitor and nudge all participants — including people whose livelihood may depend on the platform. Much activity is hidden away from view, but preliminary evidence suggests that sharing economy firms may already be leveraging their access to information about users and their control over the user experience to mislead, coerce, or otherwise disadvantage sharing economy participants. This Article argues that consumer protection law, with its longtime emphasis of asymmetries of information and power, is relatively well positioned to address this under-examined aspect of the sharing economy. But the regulatory response to date seems outdated and superficial. To be effective, legal interventions must (1) reflect a deeper understanding of the acts and practices of digital platforms and (2) interrupt the incentives of sharing economy firms to abuse their position.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115305787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 196

The Economics of Replication 复制经济学

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2017-01-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2908716

Frank Mueller‐Langer, Benedikt Fecher, D. Harhoff, Gert G. Wagner

引用次数: 3

Attributing Credit to Coauthors in Academic Publishing: The 1/N Rule, Parallelization, and Team Bonuses 在学术出版中将功劳归于合著者:1/N规则、并行化和团队奖金

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2017-01-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2522786

Louis de Mesnard

{"title":"Attributing Credit to Coauthors in Academic Publishing: The 1/N Rule, Parallelization, and Team Bonuses","authors":"Louis de Mesnard","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2522786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2522786","url":null,"abstract":"Universities looking to recruit or to rank researchers have to attribute credit scores to their academic publications. While they could use indexes, there remains the difficulty of coauthored papers. It is unfair to count an n-authored paper as one paper for each coauthor, i.e., as n papers added to the total: this is “feeding the multitude�?. Sharing the credit among coauthors by percentages or by simply dividing by n (“1/n rule�?) is fairer but somewhat harsh. Accordingly, we propose to take into account the productivity gains of parallelization by introducing a parallelization bonus that multiplies the credit allocated to each coauthor. It might be an idea for coauthors to indicate how they organized their work in producing the paper. However, they might systematically bias their answers. Fortunately, the number of parallel tasks is bounded by the number of coauthors because of specialization and the credit is bounded by a limiting Pareto maximum. Thus, credit is given by (N 2)/3n for N parallel tasks. As there are, at most, as many parallel tasks as co-authors, credit allocated to each coauthor is given by (n 2)/3n, that varies between 2/3 of a single-authored paper for two coauthors and 1/3 when the number of coauthors is very large. This is the “maximum parallelization credit�? rule that we propose to apply. This new approach is feasible. It can be applied to past and present papers regardless of the agreement of publishing houses. It is fair and it rewards genuine cooperation in academic publishing.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114328827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Co-Evolution Model of Network Structure and User Behavior: The Case of Content Generation in Online Social Networks 网络结构与用户行为的共同演化模型:以在线社交网络中的内容生成为例

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2016-11-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2703994

Prasanta Bhattacharya, T. Phan, Xue Bai, E. Airoldi

{"title":"A Co-Evolution Model of Network Structure and User Behavior: The Case of Content Generation in Online Social Networks","authors":"Prasanta Bhattacharya, T. Phan, Xue Bai, E. Airoldi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2703994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2703994","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid growth of online social network sites (SNS), it has become imperative for platform owners and online marketers to quantify what factors drive content production on these platforms. Previous research identified challenges in modelling these factors statistically using observational data where the challenges stem from the inability to disentangle the effects of network formation and network influence on content generation, and the subsequent feedback on network structure, using conventional methods. In this paper, we adopt and enhance an actor-oriented continuous-time statistical model that enables the joint estimation of the co-evolution of the users' social network structure and the amount of content they produce, using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)-based simulation approach. Specifically, we offer a method to analyze non-stationary and continuous behavior in the presence of network effects and observable and unobservable covariates, similar to what is observed in social media ecosystems. We apply our model to social network data on university students over six months to find that: 1) users tend to connect with others that have similar posting behavior, 2) however, after doing so, users tend to diverge in posting behavior, and 3) peer influences are sensitive to the strength of the posting behavior. More broadly, our method provides researchers and practitioners with a statistically rigorous approach to analyze network effects in observational data. These results provide insights and recommendations for SNS platforms to sustain an active and viable community.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116838704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Perception of Social Innovation among Management Students 管理专业学生对社会创新的认知

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2016-09-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3282342

Judita Peterlin, Vlado Dimovski, Daniela Garbin Praničević

引用次数: 0

Foundations of Non-Bayesian Social Learning 非贝叶斯社会学习基础

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2016-08-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2683607

Pooya Molavi, A. Tahbaz-Salehi, A. Jadbabaie

引用次数: 51

Is There a Doctor on Board? Collecting Generalizable Data on Doctoral Candidates in Germany 船上有医生吗?收集德国博士候选人的一般数据

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2797176

Anna Fräßdorf, Mathis Fräßdorf

引用次数: 5

On the Sociology of Patenting 论专利的社会学

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2016-03-02 DOI: 10.31235/osf.io/q8k6n

D. Burk

{"title":"On the Sociology of Patenting","authors":"D. Burk","doi":"10.31235/osf.io/q8k6n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/q8k6n","url":null,"abstract":"Recent commentary on the patent system has argued that there is little evidence supporting the incentive justification for patenting, so that continued faith in patents constitutes a kind of irrational adherence to myth or falsehood. While an obituary for the incentive theory of patenting is likely premature, the concept that the patent system is based upon myth should not be surprising. Over the past 30 years, some of the most prominent work in sociology has focused on social ordering, including legal ordering, that is found to be structured around prevalent social narratives or myths. Explicitly rejecting the economic construct of rational behavior, such “new institutional” approaches to social ordering recognize that organizations adopt practices and structures according to widely recognized scripts or conventions that lend legitimacy to their goals. In this essay I suggest that the known behavior of patenting firms likely fits the models developed in new institutional sociology: firms patent because other firms patent, because investors expect them to patent, and because patents validate the firm as innovative and reputable. Following such conventions is socially rational, but not necessarily economically rational. Applying new institutional approaches to patenting could explain several pervasive yet puzzling behaviors within the patent system, and moves us away from interminable fruitless arguments over the idealized efficiency or inefficiency of patents.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"589 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121978832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Passing Up the Job: The Role of Gendered Organizations and Families in the Entrepreneurial Career Process 放弃工作:性别组织和家庭在创业过程中的作用

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2016-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/etap.12222

Sarah Thébaud

引用次数: 52

IoT Safety and Security as Shared Responsibility 作为共同责任的物联网安全和安保

Sociology of Innovation eJournal Pub Date : 2016-02-21 DOI: 10.17323/1998-0663.2016.1.7.19

V. Cerf, Patrick Spaulding Ryan PhD, M. Senges, R. Whitt

{"title":"IoT Safety and Security as Shared Responsibility","authors":"V. Cerf, Patrick Spaulding Ryan PhD, M. Senges, R. Whitt","doi":"10.17323/1998-0663.2016.1.7.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17323/1998-0663.2016.1.7.19","url":null,"abstract":"What happens when everyday standalone devices and machines acquire network interfaces? The somewhat obvious result will be an unprecedented number of “things” connected to the Internet. It is less obvious what this means for the governance of the Internet when this occurs. With the “Internet of Things” (IoT) the Internet’s loosely coupled governance structures are already adapting to accommodate the evolution of the Internet’s use. As the governance structure continues to develop, users’ safety must be the first priority for all hardware and software providers. In the context of the Internet of Things, this paper proposes a definition of digital safety as distinct from security and discusses how multistakeholder governance can be applied to address safety challenges. The paper also considers the integration of “old” industries and the transformation of their governance into the multistakeholder model as their products and services are coming online. We consider how the thousands of manufacturers who traditionally produced analog, not-connected physical “things” adapt to become stakeholders in the Internet and how that changes the way that we think about Internet Governance. The particular interest of this paper is how to address safety issues that become much more prominent with the spread of Internet-enabled physical environments. The authors of this paper have written this project in their personal capacities as an academic contribution. The views reflected may not be the official position of the authors’ employer.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114145751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16