Sociology of Innovation eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Erfolg bei Crowdfunding-Kampagnen: Eine Perspektive aus E-Commerce und Social Media (Crowdfunding Success: A Perspective from Social Media and E-Commerce)","authors":"Michael Beier, Kerstin Wagner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2677432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2677432","url":null,"abstract":"German Abstract: Mit Crowdfunding hat sich in den letzten Jahren eine neue Finanzierungsform etabliert. Bislang ist jedoch nur wenig daruber bekannt, wie Projektinitiatoren die Erfolgschancen in ihren Crowdfunding-Kampagnen steigern konnen, indem sie sog. „On-Page“ (auf der Projektseite) und „Off-Page“ Kommunikationsmass-nahmen (ausserhalb der Projektseite) einsetzen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag untersuchen wir bei 740 Crowdfunding-Kampagnen der Schweizer Plattform 100-days.net, inwieweit sich derartige kommunikationsbezogene Massnahmen der Projektinitiatoren auf ver-schiedene Erfolgsmasse der Kampagnen auswirken. Dabei analysieren wir mogliche Effekte auf: (1) die Anzahl der Zahlungen, (2) die durchschnittliche Hohe der Zahlungen und (3) den letztendlichen Kampagnenerfolg. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Nutzung reichhaltiger Medien und zahlreiche Projekt-Updates die Erfolgschancen steigern. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigen sich keine Effekte aufgrund der einfachen Einbindung von Social Media Kanalen in Crowdfunding-Kampagnen.English Abstract: Crowdfunding as a new way of financing in the web 2.0 has increased over the last years, but only little is known how project initiators increase their chances of successful fundraising through on-page and off-page communication activities. Using a dataset of 740 projects published on one of the dominant crowdfunding platforms in Switzerland, we test communication-related determinants of fundraising success in terms of (1) number of donations (2) average amount of donations and (3) total campaign success. Our results show that high media richness in the project presentation and a high frequency of project updates leverage fundraising success. In contrast, no beneficial effects of the mere application of social media channels could be observed. The implications for research on crowdfunding and practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131156911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Das Verhalten von Nutzern in Crowdfunding-Kampagnen - Herding und Social Proof (User Behaviour in Crowdfunding Campaigns - Herding and Social Proof)","authors":"Michael Beier, Kerstin Wagner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2654765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2654765","url":null,"abstract":"German Abstract: In den letzten Jahren hat sich mit Crowdfunding im Online-Bereich eine neue Form der Finanzierung durchgesetzt und zahlreiche Crowdfunding-Plattformen haben sich am Markt etabliert. Bislang ist jedoch nur wenig daruber bekannt, wie sich die verschiedenen Nutzer der Plattformen (Projektinitiatoren und Geldgeber) im Verlauf von Crowdfunding-Kampagnen verhalten. Deshalb haben wir in einer explorativen Untersuchung das Verhalten der Nutzer in 10‘439 Transaktionen von 492 Crowdfunding-Kampagnen auf der Schweizer Plattform 100-days.net analysiert. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die ersten Tage von grosser Bedeutung fur den weiteren Verlauf einer Kampagne sind. Erfolgreiche Projekte erhalten bereits in den ersten Tagen der Kampagne signifikante Anteile des anvisierten Finanzierungsziels. Durch die fruhzeitigen, offentlich sichtbaren Transaktionen werden sozial emergente Verhaltensmuster (Herdenverhalten und soziale Bewertungen) angestossen, die sich auf den weiteren Kampagnenverlauf auswirken. Zudem zeigen wir auf, inwieweit Projektinitiatoren ihr Verhalten an das der Geldgeber anpassen konnen, um ihre Chancen auf eine erfolgreiche Finanzierung in einer Crowdfunding-Kampagne zu erhohen. English Abstract: Crowdfunding platforms as a new way of financing in the web 2.0 have increased over the last years, but only little is known how users (project initiators and project backers) behave during a crowdfunding campaign. Using a dataset of 492 projects (including 10,439 donations) published on one of the dominant crowdfunding platforms in Switzerland, we explore the user behavior in crowdfunding. Our results show that the first days of a campaign are crucial for the further campaign duration. Successful projects generate a significant share of their intended funding goal in the first days of their campaign. Moreover, the early interaction patterns on the project page initialize social emergent behaviour patterns (herding effects, social proof). Finally, we show how project initiators can adapt to backer behavior to increase their chances funding success.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133994551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Core-Periphery Network Good for Knowledge Sharing? A Structural Model of Endogenous Network Formation on a Crowdsourced Customer Support Forum","authors":"Yingda Lu, P. Singh, Baohong Sun","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2486892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2486892","url":null,"abstract":"Many companies have adopted technology driven social learning platforms such as social CRM (crowdsourcing customer support from customers) to support knowledge sharing among customers. A number of these self-evolving online customer support communities have reported the emergence of a core-periphery knowledge sharing network structure. In this study, we investigate why such a structure emerges and its implications for knowledge sharing within the community. We propose a dynamic structural model with endogenized knowledge-sharing and network formation. Our model recognizes the dynamic and interdependent nature of knowledge-seeking-and-sharing decisions and allows them to be driven by knowledge increments and social status building in anticipation of future reciprocal rewards from peers. Applying this model to a fine grained panel data set from a social customer support forum for a telecom firm, we illustrate that a user in this community values being connected to other well connected individuals. As a result, a user is more inclined to answer questions of those who are in the core (well connected) than the ones who are in the periphery (not well connected). We find that users are taking into account the expected likelihood of their questions receiving a solution before asking a question. With the emergence of core-periphery network structure, the peripheral individuals are discouraged from asking questions as their expectation of receiving a solution to their question is very low. Thus, the core-periphery structure has created a barrier to knowledge flow to new customers who need the knowledge the most. Our counterfactuals show that hiding the identity of the knowledge seeker or making the individual contributions obsolete faster helps break the core-periphery structure and improves knowledge sharing in the community.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114026966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2015 Female Entrepreneurship Index","authors":"S. Terjesen, A. Lloyd","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2625254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2625254","url":null,"abstract":"The Female Entrepreneurship Index (FEI) seeks to identify which factors enable the flourishing of high potential female entrepreneurs — women who own and operate businesses that are innovative, market expanding, and export-oriented. Through their entrepreneurial activities, high-potential female entrepreneurs improve their own economic welfare, and contribute to the economic and social fabric of society. The FEI’s systematic approach enables cross-country comparison and benchmarking of the gender differentiated conditions that often affect high potential female entrepreneurship development.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127174181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Sharing and the Polarization of Information on Social Networks","authors":"J. Kamin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2626576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2626576","url":null,"abstract":"Online social networks are well known to be politically polarized; regardless of how you map online users – by friends, followers, re-posts or messages – ideologues tend to cluster with co-ideologues. These ideologically polarized networks are likewise believed to be polarized in the information they share – that is, distinct sets of information circulate among different ideological subnetworks. What is not fully understood, however, are the mechanisms that lead to polarized information. Polarization of political information on social networks could, theoretically, be a function purely of “selective exposure;” if users predominantly chose to “follow” or “friend” co-partisans we would expect to likewise see political polarization of information. It is possible, however, that “selectively sharing” – the choices individuals make on what information to forward (re-post, retweet, etc) to their friends – would also influence the degree of polarization, particularly if users share more information that comes from fellow ideologues. This project examines the presence and impact of “selective sharing” in two ways. First, using mathematical and agent based models, I examine the potential magnitude of selective sharing’s effect on information polarization in infinite and complex networks. I also take a preliminary dip into Twitter data to see whether subsequent waves of tweets lead to more or less concentration in one ideological group. The models and brief data foray present contrasting results. Simulating the flow of information in complex networks and likewise computing equilibria distributions of information in infinite networks both indicate that selective sharing results in diminished levels of polarization than would be expected with selective exposure operating on its own. In observing waves of retweets from @FoxNews and @nprnews, however, we see that as tweets get retweeted polarization is either amplified or remains unchanged. The paper ends with a discussion of potential features of social networks – other than selective sharing – that may lead to the observed amplified polarization of information.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132927929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governance Mechanisms of Logistics Service Integrated Network","authors":"Fen Wang, Taewon Kang","doi":"10.20294/jgbt.2015.11.1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20294/jgbt.2015.11.1.27","url":null,"abstract":"The logistics service integrated network is the primary factor in the logistics integrated service. This paper analyzed both the connotation and structure of the logistics service integrated network. It elaborated on the governance logic of the logistics service integrated network in terms of relationship, interaction and collaboration. Since the governance model of a logistics service integrated network is dominated by contractual governance, this paper discussed its macro-governance mechanisms (e.g. trust mechanism, reputation mechanism, culture mechanism and joint sanctions mechanism) and micro-governance mechanism (e.g. entry barriers mechanism, incentive and restrictive mechanism, coordination mechanism and information feedback mechanism) so as to promote a coordinated effect on the logistics service integrated network.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"307 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116342783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ICT Revolution in Historical Perspective: Progressive Capitalism as a Response to Marxist Complaints, Piketty Pessimism and Free Market Fanaticism About the Deployment Phase of the Digital Economy","authors":"M. Cooper","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2587085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2587085","url":null,"abstract":"Over the course of a quarter of a millennium industrial capitalism has emerged from four deep recessions brought on by the bursting of commodity bubbles to achieve sustained economic growth by instituting progressive policies. These policies promote market success by reinforce entrepreneurial experimentation and investment, while simultaneously reducing income inequalities to stimulate demand. The bursting of the tech stock bubble and the financial meltdown of the early 21st century are the fifth such challenge. Using historical, comparative analysis, this paper shows that the building blocks for a successful institutionalization of the digital mode of production are in hand, awaiting strong policy initiatives to center the economy on sustainable growth. Section I presents the analytic approach, describing the pattern of development of industrial revolutions based on a framework for analyzing long-term innovation offered by Carlota Perez that extends and combines Schumpeter and Keynes into a theory of progressive capitalism. Section II, applies the analytic framework to the ICT revolution in qualitative and quantitative terms. The radical changes in organizational structure and core competence of organizations, driven by the dramatic changes in communications resources are described and quantified. The ultimate payoff of each of the great industrial technology revolutions has not come within the sectors in which they originated, but their ability to spread through and transform the entire economy. Section III, identifies the challenges that must be overcome to set the economy on a stable development path. The key to the transformation is the convergence of the information and energy sectors, the two most important resource systems of an advanced economy. Information and control technologies are hollowing out the energy sector. However, convergence is too weak a word to reflect the radical nature of the transformation that is needed and has already begun and to passive a word to capture the need for vigorous policy implementation to overcome institutional inertia and guide investment toward a coherent constellation of goals. Section IV explains why progressive policies is the key to building the road to the future. Excessive pessimism on the left (e.g. Piketty) and excessive optimism on the right (e.g. repeal of progressive era legislation) about what the market can do on its own are not justified by historical experience. The road to a stable growth path lies neither in the 19th century policy of Laissez faire nor 20th century policy of utility regulation, but the development of a 21st century model that extends the successful approach of the Carterphone, the Computer Inquiries and Spread Spectrum decisions. These policies were quintessential progressive capitalism by using state power to create a space of guaranteed access to essential communications resources, but refusing to regulate behavior within that space. The result was an explosion of e","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128359697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peer Effects in the Diffusion of Innovations: Theory and Simulation","authors":"Hang Xiong, D. Payne, Stephen Kinsella","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2606726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2606726","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a theoretical framework for studying peer effects in the diffusion of innovations. The underlying mechanisms of peer effects are generally under-discussed in existing studies. By investigating diffusion processes in the real world and reviewing previous studies, we find that information transmission, experience sharing and externalities are the basic mechanisms through which peer effects occur. They are termed as information effect, experience effect and externality effect, respectively. The three effects could occur through different types of relationships in a social network. Each of them plays a different role at different stages of a diffusion process. A simulation model incorporating multiple effects in a multiplex network is developed to provide a theoretical study. We simulate the experience effect and the externality effect in a context of rural diffusion. It generates the widely acknowledged patterns of diffusion in various scenarios. The experiments conducted using the model show that peer effects as a whole can be substantially misestimated if the underlying mechanisms are ignored.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127545854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Participation and Decision-Making","authors":"H. Send, Sascha Friesike, J. Ebert, K. Gollatz, T. Schildhauer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2544215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2544215","url":null,"abstract":"It is our aim to illustrate a picture of the online participation behavior of German Internet users. We study today’s forms of online participation in two selected fields: politics and the economy. The study is built upon 13 types of opportunities to participate. The outcome is based on a TNS Infratest panel, which is representative of Germany’s online population. The selected sample size reached n=504 respondents.The results of the study address three central questions:1. Who participates online today?We are interested in the distribution of sociodemographic (gender and age distribution) and socioeconomic (income distribution, educational background and current employment status) characteristics within user groups.Our results show that internet users between the ages of 18 and 36, especially those with a university degree are the most active online participants.2. What do the users do and what interests them?Regarding the inquired participation forms, we indicate the frequency of usage, the width and intensity of online activities performed, and the individual level of interest in their respective participation forms. Our findings demonstrate that signing an e-petition, has become a very popular form of political and social online participation. Overall, the amount of time respondents dedicate to online participation demonstrates a high level of engagement.3. What motivations and incentives are behind online participation?In the third part, we examine what triggers online participation on the basis of action-oriented, outcome-oriented, and consequence-oriented motivations. Based on the answers given by respondents, five different user groups were identified by similar incentive structures. Creativity and self-efficacy were central personality characteristics noted in the study. The results show that the more users engage in participation forms, the more empowered and creative they feel.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133495443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Inbreeding on Scientific Productivity: A Case Study of a Japanese University Department","authors":"Noriyuki Morichika, Sotaro Shibayama","doi":"10.1093/RESEVAL/RVV002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/RESEVAL/RVV002","url":null,"abstract":"Recent science policies emphasize academic mobility and denounce inbreeding as an impediment to scientific productivity. This study aims to investigate the impact of inbreeding on productivity, distinguishing various forms of inbreeding, and to explore the mechanism behind which inbreeding is translated into productivity, drawing on in-depth longitudinal data of academics’ careers in a university department in Japan. The results suggest that the effect of inbreeding on productivity differs with the organizational levels (university, department, and laboratory) with which inbreeding is defined, as well as with past affiliation to other institutions (purely inbred vs. silver-corded). A negative effect on productivity is indicated for inbreeding that occurs at the department level, which seems to be partly explained by non-merit-based employment criteria. The results also suggest that laboratories consisting of higher rates of their own graduates yield lower productivity. Finally, inbred academics tend to change research subjects less frequently over their career, implying that inbreeding may cause risk-averseness and deter creativity.","PeriodicalId":301526,"journal":{"name":"Sociology of Innovation eJournal","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130758650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}