Neelima Dahal;Jeffrey A. Osterberg;Benjamin Braun;Tom P. Caldwell;Ralu Divan;Sarah W. Harcum;Pingshan Wang
{"title":"Corrections to “Spectroscopic Analysis of Candida Species, Viability, and Antifungal Drug Effects with a Microwave Flow Cytometer”","authors":"Neelima Dahal;Jeffrey A. Osterberg;Benjamin Braun;Tom P. Caldwell;Ralu Divan;Sarah W. Harcum;Pingshan Wang","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3379771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3379771","url":null,"abstract":"In the above-titled paper (DOI: 10.1109/JERM.2022.3201698) [1], Fig. 3 has one incorrect legend; C. albicans Non-Viable 22 Hours should be C. albicans Viable 22 Hours. Fig. 3 with correct legend is included in this correction. The description in Section III sub-section A clearly explains that microwave properties for viable cells remain unchanged after up to 24 hours. Both the data sets plotted in Fig. 3 are for viable cells measured at different points in time. The only mistake is in the legend name, and the original data and description presented in the paper are correct.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 2","pages":"198-198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10536693","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF, and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology About this Journal","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3400475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3400475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 2","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10536695","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuchen Gu;Dustin Kendig;Mo Shakouri;Daniel W. van der Weide
{"title":"Dual Mode Split Ring Resonator Sensing and Hyperthermia Array for Skin","authors":"Yuchen Gu;Dustin Kendig;Mo Shakouri;Daniel W. van der Weide","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3373537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3373537","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate an applicator array based on split ring resonators (SRR) and microstrip coupled lines to serve as a dual-mode tool to conduct both microwave sensing and hyperthermia for skin cancer. The prototype applicator is realized on a low-cost, multi-layer substrate and designed to host 3 × 3 unit cells in which each unit in a row is tuned to a separate frequency ranging from 8 to 15 GHz (unloaded). E-field enhancement is achieved across the sensing regions between SRR loop terminals by feeding magnetically coupled energy to SRRs through microstrip transmission lines. The concentrated E-field leads to the applicator's high sensitivity that is also enhanced by the via fences surrounding the unit cells. EM simulation and equivalent circuit extraction are analyzed to ensure resonance consistency. We further observe the sensing capability on different skin-mimicking, off-the-shelf animal tissue in both simulations and experiments by distinguishing resonance shift and attenuation with different material under test (MUT). Coupled with transient infrared imaging, we further demonstrate hyperthermia capabilities of the applicator using skin-mimicking tissue. Using less than 5 W of input power, the applicator can induce therapeutic temperature elevation.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 3","pages":"206-212"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study on Microwave Thorax Imaging for Human Respiration Monitoring","authors":"Haolin Zhang;Tong Zhang;Maokun Li;Fan Yang;Shenheng Xu;Yeyu Cao;Zhongjun Yu;Aria Abubakar","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3372296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3372296","url":null,"abstract":"A microwave thorax imaging system is designed for human respiration monitoring. A compact low-profile symmetrical dipole antenna is designed as sensing antenna. A 16-antenna array is fabricated and mounted on a wearable belt. The antenna array is controlled by a switch matrix and the data acquisition is completed with a vector network analyzer. During the measurement, each antenna acts as a transmitter alternately and the other antennas act as the receivers. Human respiration experiments are conducted and S-parameters are measured continuously during respiration. The Jacobian Weighted One-step Supervised Descent Method (SDM) is applied to the reconstruction of both synthetic and measured data. The distribution of dielectric properties in human thorax is reconstructed and the results verify the feasibility of monitoring human respiration with microwave.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 2","pages":"190-197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Folk W. Narongrit;Thejas Vishnu Ramesh;Joseph V. Rispoli
{"title":"An Open Source 16-Channel Breast Array for Prone and Supine MRI","authors":"Folk W. Narongrit;Thejas Vishnu Ramesh;Joseph V. Rispoli","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3396697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3396697","url":null,"abstract":"We report on a 16-channel bilateral breast coil array for high-resolution MR imaging at 3T which can be used for both prone and supine breast MRI. This coil aims to improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by positioning the coil array close to the breast. Sixteen 80-mm coil elements made on flexible printed circuit boards were placed on top of a 3D-printed plastic housing modeled to fit many cup sizes. Match, tune, and detune elements were incorporated onto the coil. Phantom and \u0000<italic>in vivo</i>\u0000 scans were performed to demonstrate the SNR profile and clinical efficacy of the coil. The \u0000<italic>in vivo</i>\u0000 images for both prone and supine positions show high sensitivity and coverage of the breast. The SNR profile evaluated from the phantom images was relatively uniform throughout the imaging volume. The increased sensitivity of the coils allows for improved accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 3","pages":"251-258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viacheslav V. Krylov;Daniil A. Sizov;Alexander S. Machikhin;Anastasia V. Guryleva;Vladimir Tchougounov;Alexander B. Burlakov
{"title":"Modulation of Zebrafish Heart Rate by Alternating Magnetic Fields With Frequencies Close to Heart Rhythm","authors":"Viacheslav V. Krylov;Daniil A. Sizov;Alexander S. Machikhin;Anastasia V. Guryleva;Vladimir Tchougounov;Alexander B. Burlakov","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3397557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3397557","url":null,"abstract":"Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) up to 100 μT exhibit impacts on physiological processes, including heart function. The mechanisms underlying the influence of these fields on fish heart rates remain insufficiently explored. We assumed that the direct impact of ELF-MF with a frequency close to the heart rate could entrain oscillatory processes responsible for autonomously maintaining heart rhythm in zebrafish embryos. Embryos' heart rates ranged from 1.44 to 3 Hz depending on age, and ELF-MF with frequencies precisely matched, 10% higher, or lower than the heart rate were applied. Additionally, embryos experienced ELF-MF with amplitudes varying by an order of magnitude. Almost all tested ELF-MF induced an increased heart rate effect. This effect was the most pronounced when the exposure occurred earlier during ontogenesis. Fields with frequencies close to the heart rate did not entrain cardiac contractions in zebrafish embryos. A significant negative correlation between heart rate increase and ELF-MF frequency was observed for ELF-MF with amplitudes of 1.98–3.2 μT and 46.8 μT but not 30 μT. Probable molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are discussed in terms of magnetic influence on radical pairs within biochemical oscillating processes.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 4","pages":"317-324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sensitivity Enhancement in Cardio-Pulmonary Stethoscope Applications Through Artificial Magnetic Conductor-Backed Antenna Design","authors":"Pei-Yu He;Fei-Peng Lai;Yen-Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3372290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3372290","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an antenna for the cardio-pulmonary stethoscope (CPS) to improve sensitivity in detecting pulmonary edema. The CPS employs a dual-antenna system for monitoring the transmission coefficient. However, conventional patch antennas used in CPS setups often exhibit limited sensitivity due to frequency detuning. This study addresses this limitation through a two-stage approach. Firstly, the design goals of the CPS antenna are characterized. The results prioritize a broad impedance bandwidth, large half-power beamwidth (HPBW), and high front-to-back ratio (FBR) as key design objectives. Secondly, an antenna backed with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed to meet the specified goals. The fabricated prototype, operating at 2.4 GHz with an AMC size of 81.0 × 81.0 mm\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000, exhibits a fractional bandwidth of 27.6%, a FBR of 18.5 dB, and HPBWs of 60° and 70°. Validation is conducted using phantom models simulating different water content levels. The conventional patch antenna yields transmission coefficients between –49.6 dB and –63.5 dB; in contrast, the proposed antenna achieves transmission coefficients ranging from –35.5 dB to –45.7 dB. The sensitivities for normal and severe water contents are improved by 14.1 dB and 17.8 dB, respectively, indicating higher sensitivity and performance enhancement in CPS remote monitoring.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 2","pages":"135-143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Code Division Multi-Point RF Near-Field Cardiac Sensing System for Noninvasive Atrioventricular and Interventricular Dyssynchrony Detection","authors":"Zhewei Ye;Chenming Li;Yankai Mao;Juhong Zhang;Wenbin Zhang;Yulin Zhou;Qijun Hu;Shilie Zheng;Xiaonan Hui;Xianmin Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3393755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3393755","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring cardiac mechanical dyssynchrony of a patient has a pivotal role in the cardiovascular disease and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), however current approaches highly demand on the operator's skill and experience. In addition, the clinical instrument is limited by high standard operation conditions and hardware and maintenance costs, which leads to restricted deployment in daily life monitoring. To solve the problems, we propose a code division multi-point near-field cardiac RF sensing system that the mechanical movements of the heart chambers can be directly modulated to the radio frequency signal, from which the signals obtained through processing and analysis can not only locate the P-wave, QRS-waves, and T-wave in the electrocardiogram (ECG), but also they are used to analyze atrioventricular mechanical dyssynchrony and interventricular mechanical dyssynchrony. Furthermore, to reduce the crosstalk between signals from different channels and improve digital signal dynamic range, code division is applied for the multiple sensing points access. The RF sensing system can be readily designed with a high sampling rate, 50 kSps in this work, to recover the high frequency mechanical dynamics of the heart. The system demonstrated in this work provides 4-channel cardiac monitoring on the heart chambers with a high dynamic range, temporal resolution of 20 µs, and frequency response of 25 kHz. This novel method of monitoring the mechanical movement of the heartbeat provides a new candidate to further explore the cardiovascular disease and CRT treatment.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 2","pages":"113-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental Detection of Early-Stage Lung and Skin Tumors Based on Super Wideband Imaging","authors":"Wasan Alamro;Boon-Chong Seet;Lulu Wang;Prabakar Parthiban","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3395923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3395923","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a super wideband (SWB) radio frequency imaging approach is developed and evaluated for detecting early stages of deep-seated lung and in-situ skin tumors. A life-sized human torso phantom is constructed of tissue mimicking materials and their dielectric properties are thoroughly investigated over the covered frequency range of 3.1−40 GHz. An array of custom-designed antenna elements is employed in an imaging setup to assess the detection capabilities of the SWB imaging approach for both lung and skin tumors. Images reconstructed using the acquired backscattering information and confocal beamforming algorithms demonstrate a successful detection with accurate tumor size and location estimation. Compared to present ultra-wideband (UWB) approach, the proposed SWB approach can enhance the spatial resolution of the reconstructed images by up to 84.4%. This work establishes the foundation for further exploration of SWB imaging in clinical trials, offering the potential to transform early cancer detection and treatment monitoring.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 2","pages":"182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient and Low Leakage WPT System With Integrated Uncomplicated Matching Circuit Rectifier Using Metamaterial Director and Isolator for Biomedical Application","authors":"Shimaa Alshhawy;Adel Barakat;Ramesh K. Pokharel","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3395572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3395572","url":null,"abstract":"Supplying wireless power to biomedical implants presents numerous challenges, including the compactness, efficiency, and biomedical safety of the receiver (RX). In this work, we propose several solutions to overcome these challenges. Firstly, we designed a metamaterial-inspired transmitter (TX) based on a multi-ring resonator (MRR). This transmitter achieves low magnetic loss and is used as a director to supply power to the RX, featuring an integrated uncomplicated matching circuit rectifier. Secondly, to realize the rectifier, we leverage the high coupling achieved through the proposed MRR metamaterial. The rectifier is integrated on the backside of the RX substrate without requiring additional area for further compactness. Additionally, we introduce a metamaterial-based isolator designed to reduce magnetic field leakage on the back side of the system. Importantly, this isolator has been proven to have no adverse effects on the original wireless power transfer (WPT) system's performance. A prototype was successfully fabricated, and both RF-dc simulation and measurements indicate a peak efficiency of 43% and 39%, respectively, at 50 MHz for a 9 mm embedded RX in chicken breast tissue. The TX size is 20 mm × 20 mm, while the integrated RX/rectifier has dimensions of 7 mm × 7 mm.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 2","pages":"144-154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}