{"title":"Electrophoretic Absorption of Ellipsoidal Gold Nanoparticles—A Parameter Study","authors":"Brage Bøe Svendsen;Mariana Dalarsson","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3509216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3509216","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the RF electrophoretic response of ellipsoidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Since the existing works generally consider the electrophoretic heating of spherical AuNPs, this work provides an important step towards understanding the behavior of ellipsoidal AuNPs. We first develop an analytical framework for modeling of electrophoretic response of ellipsoidal AuNPs. Thereafter, due to the lack of experimental studies of non-spherical electrophoretic RF heating of AuNPs, we validate our theory by comparison to the existing experimental results of spherical AuNPs as a special case, and estimate a few additional parameters not considered before. Then, parameter studies are performed on surface charge, friction constant, frequency, and ionic background, with respect to AuNP size and shape. Finally, we present new results for the electromagnetic absorption and heat rates of ellipsoidal AuNPs in human tissue. Our results from the tissue testing indicate a strong difference between aqueous media and realistic human tissues due to the major difference in the host medium viscosity. We demonstrate the electrophoresis' strong dependency on the host medium's viscosity, where we note that cancer tissue viscosity is more than a thousand times higher than that of water. We thereby confirm negative results for RF AuNP heating, indicated by our own previous study and two other previous studies. Our results provide important insights into the feasibility of RF AuNP heating in a medical context","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"9 3","pages":"302-309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"2024 Index IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology Vol. 8","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3512633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3512633","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 4","pages":"401-414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10781463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Qamar;Kamil Yavuz Kapusuz;Lawrence Carslake;Tian-Hong Loh;Mohamed A. Thaha;Akram Alomainy
{"title":"Ultra-Compact Camera-Integrated Deep-Implanted Two-Port MIMO Antenna for High-Data-Rate Wireless Capsule Endoscopy","authors":"Muhammad Qamar;Kamil Yavuz Kapusuz;Lawrence Carslake;Tian-Hong Loh;Mohamed A. Thaha;Akram Alomainy","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3501385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3501385","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a novel high-performance, two-element camera-integrated antenna array for the [401-406] MHz medical device radio communications service (MedRadio) band. The array is designed for integration inside a capsule to establish a stable, high data-rate multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication link for wireless endoscopy. The compact antenna (<inline-formula><tex-math>$pi times$</tex-math></inline-formula> 1.125 ×1.49 mm<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) uses stacked meandered resonators, nestled within an annular ring-shaped planar substrate, offering over 7 MHz bandwidth and 41 dB isolation. It achieves a 78 Mbps data rate over 1.6 m in muscle tissue with a specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg at 20 mW power. Measurements show an ECC below 0.001, diversity gain over 9.99 dB, and a channel capacity of 10 bps/Hz at 20 dB SNR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dual-camera-integrated MIMO antenna system for the [401-406] MHz MedRadio band tested in an implantable device.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"9 3","pages":"293-301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structured Split-Ring Resonator for Sensing Applications: Dielectric-Material Characterization and Label-Free Detection of Biomolecules","authors":"Mehdi Nosrati;Narges Shaabani","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3507823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3507823","url":null,"abstract":"The classic split-ring resonator (SRR) is structured in this paper to optimize the frequency-shifting sensitivity of SRR-based RF/microwave sensors. The SRR is designed on the top layer of a substrate and another mirrored SRR is duplicated in the ground plane of the substrate. The two SRRs are electrically connected to each other to realize closed-loop structures inside the substrate, which results in the engineered structured split-ring resonator (SSRR). It is shown that the frequency-variation sensitivity in this approach of RF/microwave sensor is significantly increased by using the proposed SSRR by more than 200% in relation to conventional counterparts. The experimental results confirm a sensitivity enhancement by a ratio of 2.2:1 with regard to a sensor with among the highest sensitivities ever reported for high-permittivity lossy-material characterization. Furthermore, the sensor is experimentally examined in a biomedical scenario to monitor antibody, demonstrating a sensitivity enhancement by a ratio of 5:1 compared to a recent SRR-based sensor counterpart.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"9 3","pages":"285-292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyu Li;Jingyuan Zhang;Zixuan Cai;Xiong Wei Wu;Qiaocong Peng;Qian Ma;Jian Wei You;Tie Jun Cui
{"title":"Dynamic Electromagnetic Model to Detect Human Vital Signs Based on Time-Domain Finite Integration Theorem","authors":"Xinyu Li;Jingyuan Zhang;Zixuan Cai;Xiong Wei Wu;Qiaocong Peng;Qian Ma;Jian Wei You;Tie Jun Cui","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3507005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3507005","url":null,"abstract":"Contactless human vital-sign sensing using electromagnetic (EM) waves has made significant progress over the past few years and been practically applicable to a variety of fields such as smart home and healthcare. However, the further development of this technology is hindered by factors such as large volumes of data, long observation periods, and data variability. To deal with this challenge, a dynamic human EM model composed of customized time-varying EM materials is proposed to simulate the periodic characteristics of human cardiopulmonary motions and obtain physiological signals caused by the movements. The EM problem is subsequently addressed by employing the Time-Domain Finite Integration Technique (TDFIT), so that the EM scattering properties associated with human cardiopulmonary movements can be accurately analyzed. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed human EM model, we process the simulated human physiological signals for respiration and heartbeat rate estimation, with the error less than 4% and 8%, respectively. Furthermore, measured experiments are conducted to collected actual human vital-sign signals for comparison. Good agreement between the measured and simulated results demonstrates that the proposed human EM model is capable of accurately simulating the periodic cardiopulmonary motions and thus providing simulated physiological measurements for preliminary validation of vital sign sensing algorithms.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"9 2","pages":"240-250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TEM Cell With a High-Transparency Aperture for Homogeneous Microwave Absorption and Real-Time Viewing of Thermoelastic Expansion of Tissue","authors":"Carissa J. Roper;Susan C. Hagness;Chu Ma","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3493623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3493623","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we simulate and evaluate a transverse electromagnetic cell (TEM) for dosimetry applications in the UHF band with design modifications to allow real-time monitoring of tissue expansion due to microwave pulse absorption. We introduce an aperture for high-speed microscope-based imaging inside the waveguide and use simulations to assess the aperture' s impact on power absorption homogeneity and dosage level in tissue samples positioned at the site of the aperture. We consider both transparent, non-conductive borosilicate and semi-transparent, conductive indium tin oxide-coated glass plates covering the aperture. Our simulation results indicate a borosilicate covering provides optimal power absorption homogeneity when the tissue sample is smaller in diameter than the aperture. Analysis of the simulation results enabled us to construct an optimized TEM cell with a borosilicate-glass-covered aperture and experimentally verify that it maximizes dosage in the tissue sample. This modified TEM cell is expected to be an essential component in an experimental platform for observing and recording the macroscopic, dynamic thermoelastic expansion of tissue induced by pulsed microwave exposure.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"9 3","pages":"278-284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF, and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology About this Journal","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3496595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3496595","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 4","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10765925","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics, RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology Publication Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3496599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3496599","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"8 4","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10765930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaik Rizwan;Kanaparthi V Phani Kumar;Sandeep Kumar Palaniswamy
{"title":"Design and Implementation of a Highly Compact Intraocular Antenna With Enhanced Bandwidth for Wireless Data Telemetry in Retinal Prosthesis","authors":"Shaik Rizwan;Kanaparthi V Phani Kumar;Sandeep Kumar Palaniswamy","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3493622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3493622","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a miniature intra-ocular antenna (2.8 × 2.8 × 0.254 mm<inline-formula><tex-math>$^{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>) with enhanced bandwidth (1.2 GHz) is proposed for wireless data transmission in retinal prosthesis (RPs). The proposed intra-ocular (IO) antenna is based on a self-tuned meandered structure operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. A mimicking eye phantom model is developed using a non-ionic chemical compound with dielectric properties equivalent to the human eye to facilitate various measurements in a realistic environment. The proposed IO antenna is placed inside the eye phantom (vitreous humor) model to evaluate its performance for efficient wireless data telemetry application. The measurements of S-parameters were observed to exhibit a substantial correlation with the simulated results. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed IO antenna at 2.4 GHz is 1.2 GHz. The efficacy of the proposed IO antenna is validated through specific absorption rate (SAR) and link budget analysis. In addition, the wireless data transmission with the proposed IO antenna was experimentally validated using a standalone data transmission system.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"9 3","pages":"270-277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144904754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated Boundary-Overlap-Size Metric for Local Assessment of Deep Learning Methods in Medical Microwave Imaging","authors":"Fei Xue;Lei Guo;Alina Bialkowski;Amin M. Abbosh","doi":"10.1109/JERM.2024.3485250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JERM.2024.3485250","url":null,"abstract":"Deep learning has been a game-changer in enhancing the speed and accuracy of medical microwave imaging in detecting abnormal lesions. Nonetheless, the challenge lies in establishing a universal objective metric to assess the reliability of these methods. Current evaluation practices often rely on a single geometric metric, which presents inherent constraints. Consequently, the evaluations of results generated by deep learning methods may not always reflect clinicians’ insights and judgments. To overcome this, a local assessment metric incorporating the following three geometric dimensions is proposed: the overlap between the detected anomaly and the actual lesion, the proximity of their boundaries, and the proportionality of the lesion sizes determined by the algorithm versus the actual lesion. This approach to evaluation ensures that the resulting metric's score is in line with professional medical diagnostics. The presented results on head imaging using five deep learning algorithms confirm the significant advantages of the proposed metric, validating its effectiveness in providing objective evaluation of various algorithms in medical electromagnetic imaging. This objective metric is poised to guide future algorithm development to ensure a reliable assessment of their capability in abnormality detection and diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":29955,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal of Electromagnetics RF and Microwaves in Medicine and Biology","volume":"9 2","pages":"229-239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}