European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation最新文献

{"title":"Relationship between state/trait dissociation and cognitive function: a study combining cross sectional and experimental demonstration among general population and PTSD patients","authors":"Alexis Vancappel , Emma Guillard , Rania Chkili , David Clarys , Wissam El-Hage","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>It is often proposed that dissociation would be associated to cognitive disruption. However, the studies exploring the relationship between dissociation and cognition are incongruent. Some authors suggest that this is due to 1) the tools used to measure trait-dissociation, 2) the absence of measure of state-dissociation, 3) the absence of emotional material in cognitive evaluation and 4) the absence of experimental studies. The study will therefore (<em>i</em>) explore the association between state-dissociation and multiple cognitive functions in neutral condition (<em>ii</em>) evaluate the impact of emotional activation on cognitive performance and its association dissociation, (<em>iii</em>) induce dissociation using experimental induction and (<em>iv</em>) change the tools evaluating trait-dissociation.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We recruited 100 participants form the general population (57 women) and 56 patients suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (52 women) who undertook several evaluations of dissociation, PTSD, emotion regulation and cognitive complaints. They performed a neuropsychological battery evaluating executive function, denomination, reaction time and memory. Half of the participants undertook a detection task after a dissociative induction while the other half performed the same task without induction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found a significant association between trait and state dissociation with multiple tasks: Stroop tasks, go/no go task, detection task and denomination tasks. We found a significant effect of dissociative induction on both reaction time and dissociative state.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This argues in favor of Vancappel and El Hage’s model suggesting that the relationship between cognitive function and dissociation is bidirectional. First, poor cognitive abilities tend to be predictive of dissociative symptoms. Second, dissociative state tend to alter attentional abilities. Further explorations are now required on larger clinical samples.</div></div><div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Il est souvent proposé que la dissociation soit associée à une perturbation cognitive. Cependant, les études explorant la relation entre la dissociation et la cognition sont incongruentes. Certains auteurs suggèrent que cela est dû à: 1) les outils utilisés pour mesurer la dissociation-trait, 2) l’absence de mesure de la dissociation-état, 3) l’absence de matériel émotionnel dans l’évaluation cognitive et 4) l’absence d’études expérimentales. Cette étude vise donc à: (i) explorer l’association entre la dissociation-état et plusieurs fonctions cognitives en condition neutre, (ii) évaluer l’impact de l’activation émotionnelle sur la performance cognitive et son association avec la dissociation, (iii) induire expérimentalement un état dissociatif et (iv) modifier les outils d’évaluation de la dissociation-trait.</div></div><div><h3>Méthode</h3><div>Nous","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 100543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploratory study of painful and provocative events and suicidality: The mediating role of physical dissociation and body insensitivity","authors":"Rui C. Campos ,&nbsp;Ronald R. Holden ,&nbsp;Madeleine T. D’Agata","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research study examined physical dissociation and body insensitivity as sequential mediators in the relationship of painful and provocative events with suicidality. A sample of 290 American community adults (150 men, 140 women) participated. Mean age of participants was 37.24 years (<em>SD</em> = 11.51). We tested statistical mediation effects, using path analysis in structural equation modeling. Physical dissociation and body insensitivity fully mediated the relationship between painful and provocative events and suicide motivation and partially mediated the relationship between painful and provocative events and suicide preparation. For both models (suicide motivation and suicide preparation), body insensitivity partially mediated the relationship between physical dissociation and suicidality. Results align closely with Orbach’s (1994) hypothesis that, to die by suicide, an individual must overcome the pain and horror of death and that this can be facilitated through physical dissociation and numbness that result from an individual being exposed to painful and traumatic events. Based on these findings, clinical interventions that focus on addressing dissociation or body indifference may have the potential to break the link between traumatic experiences and suicidality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychology of stress and adaptation during complex crises: Practical aspects of assisting people in difficult circumstances","authors":"Oksana Oliinyk ,&nbsp;Dilzatbek Zholdoshbaev ,&nbsp;Saltanat Koshonova ,&nbsp;Yuriy Kravtsov ,&nbsp;Vitalii Bocheliuk","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The difficult living conditions caused by the hostilities have a significant impact on the destruction of people’s mental health. The research relevance is determined by the aforementioned impact and the necessity for a scientific basis for designing effective assistance programmes.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The study aims to address the impact of military operations on the mental health of the civilian population in Ukraine.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To achieve this goal, theoretical research methods (analysis and synthesis, classification, generalisation) and empirical research methods (surveys, statistical analysis of data) were used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The main results of the study: Many civilians in Ukraine are facing complex crises due to the hostilities and need assistance. Individual resilience to stress is determined by their characteristics and how these characteristics can interact with the factors of influence (four levels: individual, family, community, and societal levels). The impact of hostilities on the mental health of civilians is significant and negative. People who have been exposed to war or its aftermath experience high levels of stress symptoms, leading to post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety and other mental health problems. The level of mental health problems is higher among people who have experienced more traumatic events, such as loss of loved ones, violence, and loss of home. There are several key areas in which practical assistance can be provided, including psychosocial support, which can be provided through information support, emotional support, psychological counselling, trauma therapy, and medication.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The practical significance of the study is determined by the contribution to understanding the impact of war on people’s mental health. The results of the study can be used to improve the lives of people affected by the war. Namely, to develop and implement effective assistance programmes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dari version of international trauma questionnaire-child and adolescent version (ITQ-CA): In a sample of Afghan children and adolescents exposed to trauma","authors":"Mohammad Sajjad Afsharzada ,&nbsp;Sajjad Saadat ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ershad Afsharzada ,&nbsp;Lisa Lindström ,&nbsp;Mohammad Farid Fahiz ,&nbsp;Fazel Rahman Fazel","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) introduced two related stress disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) which highlights the need for brief and reliable assessment for both adults and youth. The International Trauma Questionnaire – Child and Adolescent Version (ITQ-CA) is the only which assesses both PTSD and CPTSD in children and adolescents in accordance with ICD-11 guidelines, but it has not yet been translated into Dari.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to translate and validate the ITQ-CA among Afghan Children and Adolescents Exposed to Trauma.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A sample of 235 trauma-exposed Afghan adolescents completed the ITQ-CA in Dari. Reliability and validity were analyzed using internal consistency, test-retest stability, and confirmatory factor analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The present study results showed that the self-report ITQ-CA in Dari had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.82) and retest reliability (two-week retest correlation coefficient was 0.71). CFA supported the ICD-11 CPTSD symptom structure as a two-factor model with PTSD and Disturbances in Self-Organization (DSO) as correlated factors with a very good model fit. And the single-factor model also had a good fit.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study confirms the psychometric properties of the Dari version of the ITQ-CA, which is designed to identify symptoms of PTSD and Disturbance in Self-Organization among children and adolescents. The findings confirm its effectiveness and validity in Dari in this context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary traumatic stress among war refugee helpers in lithuania: The Role of burnout, compassion satisfaction, and social support","authors":"Adelė Petravičiūtė,&nbsp;Momina Khalid Butt,&nbsp;Jonas Eimontas,&nbsp;Neringa Grigutytė","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>Background:</strong> Assistance providers who support war refugees are at risk of experiencing secondary traumatic stress related to the aid recipient trauma. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the risk and protective factors associated with this phenomenon. The cross-sectional study examined the role of burnout, social support, and compassion satisfaction as potential predictors or mitigators of STS among refugee helpers in Lithuania.</div><div><strong>Method:</strong> The study included 120 professionals and volunteers who provided various types of help to war refugees; their ages ranged from 18 to 74 years (<em>M</em> = 42.5, <em>SD</em> = 12.7), and 90.8 % of the sample were female. Secondary traumatic stress was evaluated by the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) was used to measure burnout and compassion satisfaction, and social support was measured by self-constructed questions.</div><div><strong>Results:</strong> It was found that 19,17 % of participants experienced secondary traumatic stress. The level of secondary traumatic stress was positively related to burnout and negatively associated with compassion satisfaction and social support. Furthermore, burnout was a key prognostic factor of secondary traumatic stress, and higher compassion satisfaction and social support predicted lower secondary traumatic stress indirectly - through a lower level of burnout.</div><div><strong>Conclusions:</strong> These results provide more insight into the possible direction of secondary traumatic stress prevention and intervention among war refugee helpers. Burnout should be given the most attention to prevent war refugee helpers‘ secondary traumatic stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling the knowledge and abilities to be targeted in patients suffering from dissociation: Development and validation of the knowledge and abilities about dissociation scale (KADS)","authors":"Alexis Vancappel ,&nbsp;Lyna Chami ,&nbsp;Arnaud Leroy ,&nbsp;Hala Kerbage ,&nbsp;Wissam El-Hage","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Recently, Dissociation-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (DF-CBT) has emerged as a new field of research, showing promising results. However, there is a lack of theoretical conceptualization regarding how patients develop specific knowledge and abilities to manage dissociation during this therapy. The aim of this study is to identify the knowledge and abilities that should be targeted within DF-CBT to reduce dissociation and its functional impact by validating a scale to measure them: the Knowledge and Abilities about Dissociation Scale (KADS).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We recruited 515 participants online through social media. They completed several self-reported questionnaires, including the KADS, the Dissociation Questionnaire (DIS-Q), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), the Dissociative Beliefs Scale (DBS), and a visual analog scale measuring the functional impact of dissociation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified four factors composing the KADS: (F1) the ability to stop dissociation, (F2) the ability to accept and identify alters, (F3) the ability to identify dissociation, and (F4) knowledge about dissociation. We found good internal consistency for F1 and F2, acceptable consistency for F3, and low consistency for F4. F1 was associated with lower levels of psychopathology, while results for F2 and F3 were mixed. In contrast, F4 was associated with higher levels of psychopathology.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The KADS demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties and can be used in clinical practice. It differentiates four dimensions that could be targeted in psychotherapy. However, the ability to accept and identify alters (F2) requires further investigation to determine its potential clinical relevance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 100536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of military psychologists working with service members affected by combat-related psychological trauma","authors":"Kateryna Kravchenko","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the occupational stressors, emotional distress, and psychological fatigue experienced by military psychologists working with service members affected by combat-related trauma. The research identifies key predictors of fatigue and burnout, providing evidence-based recommendations for improving mental health support for military psychologists. A cross-sectional quantitative research design was employed, involving 120 military psychologists deployed in high-conflict zones. Participants were recruited from military hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and veteran support programs. Psychometric tools used included the Professional Resilience Questionnaire, Job Search Behaviors Scale, Negative Affect at Work Scale, Organizational Stressors Scale, Quantitative Workload Scale, and Fatigue Assessment Scale. Data collection occurred in two phases: initial assessments post-deployment and a six-month follow-up. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression models. The findings reveal that organizational stressors (β = 0.37, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and negative affect at work (β = 0.29, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) are the strongest predictors of fatigue among military psychologists. Contrary to expectations, professional resilience did not significantly buffer against fatigue (β = -0.12, <em>p</em> = 0.07), suggesting that resilience alone is insufficient in preventing occupational burnout. Job search behaviors and workload intensity had no significant impact on fatigue levels, implying that psychological stressors, rather than workload per se, drive exhaustion. The study underscores the need for institutional reforms, including leadership engagement, administrative burden reduction, and structured resilience training. Additionally, the impact of moral and ethical concerns on military psychologists’ emotional distress necessitates further research on moral injury and ethical dilemmas in military mental health care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 100537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body- and movement-oriented interventions for prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder among first responders: A scoping review","authors":"Laura Dias Da Silva ,&nbsp;Lucile Roubille ,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Coq","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>First responders are at high risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder, body- and movement-oriented interventions (BMOI) emerge as a valuable preventive approach. To assess current knowledge regarding the use of BMOI in the primary and secondary prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among first responders, we conducted a scoping review.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Searches conducted in PubMed, Ebsco, The Cochrane Library and Google Scholar from December 2023 to March 2024 yielded a total of 875 articles. Only studies which sampled first responders without PTSD, investigated BMOI and had a psychometrically standardized outcome measure were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After completing the screening process, by following the JBI Scoping Review Methodology, 11 articles published between 2014 and 2023 were included. BMOI identified in the studies include mindfulness exercises, breathing and relaxation techniques, physical exercise and artistic practices. Some studies support a change in the neurophysiological response to stress, especially when BMOI are combined with other practices; relevant outcomes include increased resilience capacity, mental flexibility, body awareness and psychopathological knowledge, or reduced organizational stress and PTSD symptomatology. Other studies also highlight a reduction in the symptoms of comorbid disorders of PTSD such as burnout.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BMOI appear promising for preventing symptoms of PTSD among first responders, but more research is needed to identify which types of intervention are most effective on their own.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143923319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender dynamics and post-traumatic stress disorder in healthcare professionals: Insights from the COVID-19 vaccination","authors":"Nour El Houda Benkaddour ,&nbsp;Asmae Lekfif ,&nbsp;Sara Ramdani ,&nbsp;Naima Abda ,&nbsp;Bouchra Oneib ,&nbsp;Yassamine Bentata","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The COVID-19 pandemic intensified vaccine hesitancy, driven by misinformation and conspiracy theories, even among healthcare professionals. Psychological impacts, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), observed with higher prevalence in females, contributed to this hesitancy. This study examines the interrelations between PTSD, anxiety, perceived stress, and gender dynamics among healthcare professionals managing the challenges of the pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to November 2022 in Morocco’s Oriental region. Using snowball sampling, 221 healthcare professionals participated in face-to-face surveys. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire assessing vaccine perceptions, perceived stress, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Statistical analyses included correlation tests, linear regressions, and moderated mediation to explore gender, stress, and anxiety interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Females constituted 68.3 % of the sample, with PTSD prevalence higher among females (11.9 %) than males (5.7 %). Correlation analysis showed strong relationships between PTSD, anxiety (<span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.588</mn></mrow></math></span>), and perceived stress (<span><math><mrow><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0.625</mn></mrow></math></span>) among females. Moderated mediation analysis revealed that the effect of gender on PTSD was indirect, mediated through anxiety. Perceived stress moderated the effect of gender on anxiety: higher perceived stress strengthened the relationship between gender and anxiety. Anxiety then mediated the effect of gender on PTSD, indicating that in high-stress contexts, gender indirectly influenced PTSD severity via anxiety, particularly among females.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the indirect effect of gender on PTSD through anxiety, with perceived stress amplifying this pathway. Specific interventions addressing gender and stress are critical to supporting healthcare professionals during health crises and improving resilience and vaccine confidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of the Adult Attachment Trauma Questionnaire (AATQ)","authors":"Andrea Zagaria,&nbsp;Enrico Perinelli,&nbsp;Luigi Lombardi","doi":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejtd.2025.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the wide use of the concept of Attachment Trauma (AT) in clinics and research, there is a scarcity of proper assessment tools. This work aims to fill this gap by outlining the development and validation of the <em>Adult Attachment Trauma Questionnaire</em> (AATQ). The preliminary item pool covered eight conceptual domains: Conflict, Attachment-related Dissociation, Attachment Phobia, Victim, Compulsive Savior, Dangerous Self, Revengeful Perpetrator, and Sadistic Perpetrator. The items were analyzed through two pilot studies. After revising the items according to the results, the final pool underwent factorial, convergent, and incremental validity analyses in a general sample of 407 Italian adults. The EFA supported the eight-factor structure. Validity analyses demonstrated excellent convergent and predictive validity across all questionnaire subscales, except for two of them (Compulsive Savior, Sadistic Perpetrator) that did not exhibit good performance and were subsequently removed. The AATQ final version consisted of six subscales and 28 total items and was confirmed in a further EFA. The AATQ performed better than a popular fearful/disorganized attachment measure (<em>Adult Disorganized Attachment</em> scale) and a standard measure of adult attachment (<em>Emotions in Close Relationships</em>) in predicting traumatic and pathological outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29932,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation","volume":"9 2","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}