{"title":"The Impact Of Applied Linguistics On The Field Of Grammar: A Comparative Analytical Study With The Letter 'و' (Waw) As A Model/ أثر اللغويات التطبيقية في علم النحو: حرف الواو أنموذجًا دراسة تحليلية مقارنة","authors":"Mohammed.abdulkareem Yaseen","doi":"10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.24404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.24404","url":null,"abstract":"Language serves as a crucial tool for human interaction. It transcends its basic structure of words, rules, and syntax, reflecting the complex subtleties of culture, history, and the social development of its users. Within the study of language, applied linguistics stands out as an essential discipline that delves deeper than theoretical discussions. It critically examines how language is utilized, its manifestations in various contexts, and its multifaceted applications in human communications across different fields. Central to this research is the exploration of the transformative influence of applied linguistics on the domain of grammar. This study places particular emphasis on the Arabic letter 'و' (Waw). Given its frequent occurrence and versatile role in texts, ranging from the esteemed Quran to classical Arabic literature and detailed grammatical discussions, the comprehensive and precise understanding of the letter 'و' is of utmost importance. Such understanding facilitates both rigorous textual analysis and profound comprehension of linguistic constructs within the Arabic language. To discern the depth of this influence, this research adopts a comparative methodology. It juxtaposes the time-honored traditional grammatical approaches with contemporary perspectives offered by applied linguistics. Through this comparative lens, the study sets out to achieve two primary objectives: firstly, to identify how applied linguistics might present alternative or even more enriched interpretations of 'و' distinct from classical views; and secondly, to elucidate the tangible implications of these interpretations in practical, real-world linguistic applications. In culmination, this rigorous investigation serves a dual purpose. Not only does it shed light on the nuanced roles and interpretations of the Arabic letter 'و', but it also positions applied linguistics as a beacon guiding the future trajectory of grammatical studies. The research accentuates the indispensability of a symbiotic relationship between traditional grammar and modern applied linguistic techniques, advocating for their combined use in achieving a holistic and evolved understanding of the dynamic Arabic language system.","PeriodicalId":29848,"journal":{"name":"Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140446866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arabic Language Learning Methods In The Digital Era","authors":"Sayidah Alfa Nafilah, Saddam Reza Hamidi, Robi'atul Laili Maulidiyah, Muhammad Faruq, Nuril Mufidah","doi":"10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.23183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.23183","url":null,"abstract":"The purposes of this study are describing the role of digital in learning Arabic, and explaining how effective methods are in learning Arabic in the digital era. This is a qualitative descriptive research. Data was carried out by observation and interviews with students of the 2023 Arabic language development special program at UIN Malang, Indonesia about the learning methods used. The results of the research namely; the currently developing digital era can make it easier for students to learn by using technology as a learning medium. An effective method in learning Arabic is in the form of getting used to answering online exercises to practice reading, writing and speaking so that one can master learning Arabic. Apart from that, the current problem is that the use of technology also has a negative impact on young people because of their dependence on the use of cell phones which can also be used as a means of entertainment.","PeriodicalId":29848,"journal":{"name":"Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140447811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Persian Translation Study On Arabic Story Of The Collared Dove In Kalila and Dimna/ دراسة الفکر السائد علی قصة الحمامة المطوقة في کلیلة ودمنة وترجمتها الفارسية","authors":"Mahdi Moqadasi Nia, Nawras Hashem Jabr Harbi Al Quraishi, Hossein Taktabar Firoozjai","doi":"10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.23128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.23128","url":null,"abstract":"“Kalila and Dimna” is considered one of the most famous international literary heritages that has been welcomed by various peoples, as we find that it has been translated into various languages in the world. In this comparative study, the researchers attempt to uncover the differences between the Arabic text of the story “The ring-necked dove” and its translation in Persian, seeking to reveal the contingent additions to that story and the role of culture in the change made by Nasrallah Munshi to the text, relying on the theory of “Framing” by Mona Baker. Due to the presence of some differences between the various versions of Kalila and Dimna, the researchers decided to rely on the version issued by Abd al-Wahhab Azzam and Taha Hussein, while the Persian version relied upon is a version explained by “Mojtaba Minavi,” issued by the University of Tehran Publisher. The story that researchers are focusing on analyzing its translation includes a flock of pigeons falling into a trap The story that the researchers are focusing on analyzing its translation includes a story of a flock of pigeons falling into a trap, but through cooperation with others, they are able to remove the trap, going to a rat to help them. In this study, which was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach, the Arabic text was compared with its Persian translation to reveal the additions to the Persian text. Then, the researchers tried to uncover the translator’s possible justifications for adding new parts to the text. The results that the researchers reached indicate that Ibn Muqaffa holds the ring-necked dove responsible for what happened to the flock of pigeons because she (the ring-necked dove) was their leader, but the translator (Nasrallah Munshi) tried to reframe the story so that he could exonerate the ring-necked dove and direct responsibility to the flock of pigeons without the ring-necked dove. On the other hand, between the lines of the Arabic text, there is an emphasis on the necessity of cooperation in order to get rid of disasters, but in the Persian text, we find an insistence on values such as sacrifice and altruism, as well as the role that lack of attention to the leader’s orders plays in the occurrence of disasters and misfortunes, as well as the effect of the wisdom that the leader possesses in That's it, people. In other words, the translator is trying to exaggerate the role of the leader in saving his nation. While Ibn Muqaffa tries to focus on the role of cooperation in achieving this salvation. This study helps researchers know the differences in Arabic stories and their translation into various international languages while introducing the Arab literary heritage to students.","PeriodicalId":29848,"journal":{"name":"Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhamad Asngad Rudisunhaji, Intan Sari Iftitah Dewi, Ahmad Nurcholis, Syaikhu Ihsan Hidayatullah
{"title":"Competency-Based Arabic Language Learning In Madrasah Aliyah/ تعلم اللغة العربية القائم على الكفاءة فى المدرسة الثانوية","authors":"Muhamad Asngad Rudisunhaji, Intan Sari Iftitah Dewi, Ahmad Nurcholis, Syaikhu Ihsan Hidayatullah","doi":"10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.20910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.20910","url":null,"abstract":"The role of learning competencies is as a reference for students' acting, behavioral, and thinking skills. The purpose of learning is as a reference to determine the type of material, strategies, methods, and media that will be used in the learning process. Learning Arabic aims at fostering language skills. On the other hand, there is a gap between theory and practice in its competency design and learning objectives. In this study, data collection techniques are based on interviews, observations and documentation that refer to a phenomenological qualitative approach. The findings indicate that there are disadvantages from its implementation including: First, the lack of harmony between the elements of competence and the competencies applied. Second, the lack of achievement of learning objectives due to the formulation of learning objectives and the application of learning objectives that are not in accordance with the theory of learning objectives. The design of competencies and the objectives of Arabic language learning will be achieved if the design and objectives of learning Arabic are in accordance with the basic philosophical formulation of competency designs and the objectives of Arabic language learning","PeriodicalId":29848,"journal":{"name":"Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Nasrullah, I. Degeng, Nurul Murtadho, Saida Ulfa, Jepri Nugrawiyati
{"title":"Mobile Application Development Using Semantic Mapping In Learning Vocabulary Arabic For Spesific Purposes (ASP)/ Pengembangan Aplikasi Mobile Dengan Semantic Mapping Dalam Pembelajaran Kosakata Arabic For Spesific Purposes (ASP)","authors":"Muhammad Nasrullah, I. Degeng, Nurul Murtadho, Saida Ulfa, Jepri Nugrawiyati","doi":"10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.24847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.24847","url":null,"abstract":"The development of an online mobile application designed with semantic mapping flow for vocabulary learning in the context of Arabic for Specific Purposes (ASP) is accessible anytime and anywhere. It facilitates the process of searching and learning vocabulary terms related to research methods for students majoring in Arabic Language Education (PBA) who are writing their theses. This research falls under the Research & Development (R&D) model, specifically the ADDIE model. Data analysis techniques involve descriptive statistical analysis. the aim of this study is to develop an online mobile application for learning research method vocabulary in the context of ASP at the higher education level. The results indicate that assessments from media and content experts regarding the online mobile application received an average score of 4.54. This score suggests that the mobile application with semantic mapping flow serves as a suitable and effective tool for learning vocabulary in the context of ASP, despite minor revisions based on expert feedback. Feedback from 22 PBA students using the application, after conducting an effectiveness test using the N-Gain test, revealed that 86% of students considered the product very effective, while the remaining 14% categorized it as less effective. This is supported by an average pre-test score of 74.4 and an average post-test score of 96.8, resulting in an N-Gain value of 86%, indicating a high level of effectiveness for the developed product.","PeriodicalId":29848,"journal":{"name":"Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Popoola Kareem Hamed, Ayman Aied Mohammed, El Sayed Salem Mohamed, Mohamed Salah El-Din Ahmed Fath El-Bab
{"title":"Humanizing Education in Virtual Learning Environment: Experience of Students in Al-Madinah International University","authors":"Popoola Kareem Hamed, Ayman Aied Mohammed, El Sayed Salem Mohamed, Mohamed Salah El-Din Ahmed Fath El-Bab","doi":"10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.26204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.26204","url":null,"abstract":"Online learning needs to humanize the experience, especially in this day and age when technology is upending our lives and curriculum delivery methods are evolving quickly with new tools and applications. It is crucial, therefore, to humanize both our instruction and our students' learning at disruptive moments. This study aimed to investigate how Al-Madinah International University (MEDIU) undergraduate students experienced humanizing learning in a virtual learning environment. The researchers use a sequential mixed-method methodology to collect information for their analysis of the humanization of education in virtual learning environments. (320) undergraduate students from Al-Madinah International University participated in the quantitative portion of the study by answering both open-ended and closed-ended questionnaires. The qualitative data was analyzed using a thematic method, and the results were used to support the quantitative findings by creating themes using ATLAS ti. The quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. According to the study's findings, 87% of respondents said that humanizing education in a virtual learning environment had been successfully applied, while the remaining respondents were unsure. According to the qualitative data, most ODL instructors must attend training on using humanizing education in virtual learning environments. During the module compilation process, the participants suggested that ODL programs incorporate the cultural information students have learned at home and in their communities. Given that most respondents have an Arabic language background, the curriculum needs to consider their culture. Students from Arabic and Islamic backgrounds, in particular, should have their culture at the center of lectures in the virtual learning environment, according to the institution.","PeriodicalId":29848,"journal":{"name":"Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khotijah Khotijah, Suhairi Suhairi, Qois Azizah Bin Has
{"title":"Religious Moderation Perspectives On Arabic Language Learning For Islamic Boarding Schools In Lampung","authors":"Khotijah Khotijah, Suhairi Suhairi, Qois Azizah Bin Has","doi":"10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.17811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.17811","url":null,"abstract":"The study of Religious Moderation is still a topic of study that is widely discussed. The study of religious moderation emerges with moderate values contained in it as knowledge that does not contain violence, extremism and false doctrines of religion in society. However, in the midst of the polemic of extremist doctrines, Islamic boarding schools come with a unique learning system. For example, learning Arabic in Islamic boarding schools can lead students to an understanding of the meaning of moderation in society. The moderate values contained in the books as well as the slogans and mottos of the Islamic Boarding School are easily understood and implemented by the students in their daily lives. This paper aims to convey and reveal the values of religious moderation in Arabic language learning at Islamic Boarding Schools in Lampung. Written with a qualitative method by analyzing several textbooks and slogans in Islamic boarding schools. Based on the results of the analysis of Arabic language learning, the meaning of moderation in Islamic boarding schools that are actively learned by students such as nationalism, tolerance, tawazun and fairness are seen from the learning and daily activities of students. With the manifestation of moderation values, it shows that the Islamic Boarding School in Lampung has carried moderate values since its inception and is able to become an intermediary to maintain harmony in society.","PeriodicalId":29848,"journal":{"name":"Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahamed Zubair K M A, A. A. H. H. Nadwi, M. A. Al-Bukhari, M.Yasar Arafath Ali, S.A. Usman Ali
{"title":"Islamic-Arab Morals, Virtues and Characters In Arabic-Tamil Novel “Madinatun Nuhas” Or “Tamirapattanam”","authors":"Ahamed Zubair K M A, A. A. H. H. Nadwi, M. A. Al-Bukhari, M.Yasar Arafath Ali, S.A. Usman Ali","doi":"10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.23157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.23157","url":null,"abstract":"Madinatun Nuhas or Tamirapattanam holds the distinction of being the first Islamic novel written in India. It was penned in 1858 by Imam Al Aroos, utilizing both the Islamic-Arwi or Arabic-Tamil script and the Dravidian-Tamil script. This research article conducts a comprehensive study of Tamirappattanam, examining its style, contents, and the author himself. It analyzes this novel- highlighting Tamirappattanam as a pioneering Islamic novel. This article aims to establish a position for Islamic novels and literature, tracing the initial endeavors in India. Islamic literature, while not a cutting-edge domain, has deep roots in the history of Islam. This novel weaves together historical, legendary, and literary characters in a narrative infused with Islamic themes and values. The novel explores the unique power and dominion of Prophet Sulaiman, as well as the grandeur of the Abbasid Caliphate. It portrays Allah's bounty and supremacy while emphasizing the importance of Islamic morals and principles. The author skillfully combines art and literature to create a work that not only entertains but also imparts Islamic teachings to the Ummah. Through the use of real historical figures and legends, the novel presents a vivid representation of Islamic culture and values. It strikes a balance between sentiment and thought, offering a harmonious relationship between faith and moral values.\"Tamirappattanam\" stands as a significant contribution to Islamic literature, showcasing the artistic prowess of the author in crafting a narrative that educates and inspires readers. It serves as a reminder of the enduring relevance of Islamic principles in shaping individual lives and society as a whole.","PeriodicalId":29848,"journal":{"name":"Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140453164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wachida Muhlis, Indah Rahmayanti, Isti Jayang Fitrah, Sahrul Muhamad, Muhammad Hattab
{"title":"Digitalization Of Arabic Language Learning Through Social Media/ رقمنة تعليم اللغة العربية من خلال وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي","authors":"Wachida Muhlis, Indah Rahmayanti, Isti Jayang Fitrah, Sahrul Muhamad, Muhammad Hattab","doi":"10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.23680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.23680","url":null,"abstract":"The digitalization of Arabic language learning through social media focuses on the use of media that can be used as an introduction to the teaching process. Digitalization of learning is also a quite flexible alternative because it can be done anytime and anywhere. This type of research uses qualitative research with descriptive methods. The method in this research is a descriptive method, namely the researcher will utilize qualitative data and then explain it descriptively. This research was conducted to explore the digitalization of Arabic language learning through social media. Thus, the data used is based on library research, by reviewing and tracing various library literature. Data is searched for through texts both in books and articles and collected then analyzed and reduced deductively to produce research results that are narrated descriptively. The stages of data collection are: collecting several literature related to the focus of the research, reviewing and separating the data that is needed and not, reducing the data obtained and finally carrying out a descriptive conclusion. Digitalization of Arabic language learning through social media is an innovation that is very useful in facilitating access and expanding the reach of Arabic language learning. In today's digital era, social media has become one of the most effective platforms for conveying information and sharing knowledge with other people. Digitalization of Arabic language learning has many effectiveness that can be maximized by teachers and anyone else. We can use various devices such as WhatsApp, Google Drive, Google Form, Zoom, Instagram, Tiktok, Telegram, Facebook, YouTube and so on. Some of the benefits of digitizing Arabic language learning through social media include: Facilitating access and reach of Arabic language learning for people who live in remote areas or are difficult to reach by formal learning institutions, providing flexible learning time, because learning can be done anytime and anywhere course, without having to be physically present in the classroom, reduces learning costs, because there is no need to pay for transportation costs or expensive tutoring fees, opens up opportunities to study together with people from different countries or cultures, thereby increasing the learning experience and also expanding social networks , increasing learning motivation, because the digitalization of Arabic language learning through social media can be tailored to individual interests and needs.","PeriodicalId":29848,"journal":{"name":"Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arabic And Western Rhetoric: A Conceptual Introduction To Argumentation Critical Discourse Analysis","authors":"Ibrahim Ramadan, Abdulrahman Alkhamis","doi":"10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.26203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/ijazarabi.v7i1.26203","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to present a theoretical approach to studying the Argumentative study, also known as modern rhetoric, the paper has followed a limpid path moving between the various definitions of argumentation using the descriptive-analytical method. Firstly, it differentiates the two types of argumentation: the logical and the linguistic. Then, it deals with the most well-known contextual definitions of argumentation in both Arabic and Western argumentative studies. Aristotle was the first to refer to the types of argumentation. Hence, the paper shows his endeavors in this respect. The article contributes to the advancement of Arabic language and teaching by providing theoretical foundations, pedagogical insights, cross-cultural understanding, historical context, methodological applications, relevance to modern scholarship, and the validation of Arabic rhetorical traditions. This study aims to give a brief and easy idea of Aristotle's efforts in the field of argumentation, especially the logical arguments and the subjective moral arguments, and the functions of these moral arguments of benefit, influence, and enjoyment, whether they relate to the orator (Aetos), the audience (Pathos), or the speech itself (Logos). Then, the research concluded with examples of these self-created arguments. The study results showed a comprehensive concept of the arguments in Arab and Western thoughts. Moreover, the researchers proved that Aristotle's topics and thoughts were one of the greatest sources of nourishment for the modern argumentative lesson; Arabic rhetoric did not lag behind the Western lesson in its care for argumentations and its methods of analysis, and they demonstrated the applicability of the mentioned concepts in the study.","PeriodicalId":29848,"journal":{"name":"Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140452808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}