Eco-Environment & Health最新文献

{"title":"Adsorption and separation technologies based on supramolecular macrocycles for water treatment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The escalating challenges in water treatment, exacerbated by climate change, have catalyzed the emergence of innovative solutions. Novel adsorption separation and membrane filtration methodologies, achieved through molecular structure manipulation, are gaining traction in the environmental and energy sectors. Separation technologies, integral to both the chemical industry and everyday life, encompass concentration and purification processes. Macrocycles, recognized as porous materials, have been prevalent in water treatment due to their inherent benefits: stability, adaptability, and facile modification. These structures typically exhibit high selectivity and reversibility for specific ions or molecules, enhancing their efficacy in water purification processes. The progression of purification methods utilizing macrocyclic frameworks holds promise for improved adsorption separations, membrane filtrations, resource utilization, and broader water treatment applications. This review encapsulates the latest breakthroughs in macrocyclic host-guest chemistry, with a focus on adsorptive and membrane separations. The aim is to spotlight strategies for optimizing macrocycle designs and their subsequent implementation in environmental and energy endeavors, including desalination, elemental extraction, seawater energy harnessing, and sustainable extraction. Hopefully, this review can guide the design and functionality of macrocycles, offering a significantly promising pathway for pollutant removal and resource utilization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 381-391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985024000140/pdfft?md5=e927183433590a39b0a4a38d4ac40475&pid=1-s2.0-S2772985024000140-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140268730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dihalogenated nitrophenols in drinking water: Prevalence, resistance to household treatment, and cardiotoxic impact on zebrafish embryo","authors":"Hongjie Sun ,&nbsp;Yingying Liu ,&nbsp;Chunxiu Wu ,&nbsp;Lena Q. Ma ,&nbsp;Dongxing Guan ,&nbsp;Huachang Hong ,&nbsp;Haiying Yu ,&nbsp;Hongjun Lin ,&nbsp;Xianfeng Huang ,&nbsp;Peng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dihalogenated nitrophenols (2,6-DHNPs), an emerging group of aromatic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) detected in drinking water, have limited available information regarding their persistence and toxicological risks. The present study found that 2,6-DHNPs are resistant to major drinking water treatment processes (sedimentation and filtration) and households methods (boiling, filtration, microwave irradiation, and ultrasonic cleaning). To further assess their health risks, we conducted a series of toxicology studies using zebrafish embryos as the model organism. Our findings reveal that these emerging 2,6-DHNPs showed lethal toxicity 248 times greater than that of the regulated DBP, dichloroacetic acid. Specifically, at sublethal concentrations, exposure to 2,6-DHNPs generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), caused apoptosis, inhibited cardiac looping, and induced cardiac failure in zebrafish. Remarkably, the use of a ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, considerably mitigated these adverse effects, emphasizing the essential role of ROS in 2,6-DHNP-induced cardiotoxicity. Our findings highlight the cardiotoxic potential of 2,6-DHNPs in drinking water even at low concentrations of 19 μg/L and the beneficial effect of N-acetyl-l-cysteine in alleviating the 2,6-DHNP-induced cardiotoxicity. This study underscores the urgent need for increased scrutiny of these emerging compounds in public health discussions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 183-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985024000164/pdfft?md5=3b92f75046a7ef3c9d94cdbf5e9f02a4&pid=1-s2.0-S2772985024000164-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140083821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging concern on air pollution and health: Trade-off between air pollution exposure and physical activity","authors":"Pengpeng Wu ,&nbsp;Qian Guo ,&nbsp;Yuchen Zhao ,&nbsp;Mengyao Bian ,&nbsp;Suzhen Cao ,&nbsp;Junfeng (Jim) Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Air pollution is a major contributor to the global disease burden, especially affecting respiratory and cardiovascular health. However, physical activity is associated with improved lung function, a slower decline in lung function, and lower mortality. The public is more likely to be exposed to air pollution during outdoor physical activity. However, studies on how long-term and short-term exposure to air pollution interacts with physical activity yield inconsistent results, and the thresholds for air pollution and physical activity remain unclear. Thus, more studies are needed to provide sufficient evidence to guide the public to safely engage in outdoor physical activity when exposed to air pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 202-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985024000176/pdfft?md5=0ace4a72a2db3eae011c0d77de30ec2e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772985024000176-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140552501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the role of manganese oxides in retaining harmful metals: Insights into oxidation and adsorption mechanisms at microstructure level","authors":"Feng Li ,&nbsp;Hui Yin ,&nbsp;Tianqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Wen Zhuang","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing intensity of human activities has led to a critical environmental challenge: widespread metal pollution. Manganese (Mn) oxides have emerged as potentially natural scavengers that perform crucial functions in the biogeochemical cycling of metal elements. Prior reviews have focused on the synthesis, characterization, and adsorption kinetics of Mn oxides, along with the transformation pathways of specific layered Mn oxides. This review conducts a meticulous investigation of the molecular-level adsorption and oxidation mechanisms of Mn oxides on hazardous metals, including adsorption patterns, coordination, adsorption sites, and redox processes. We also provide a comprehensive discussion of both internal factors (surface area, crystallinity, octahedral vacancy content in Mn oxides, and reactant concentration) and external factors (pH, presence of doped or pre-adsorbed metal ions) affecting the adsorption/oxidation of metals by Mn oxides. Additionally, we identify existing gaps in understanding these mechanisms and suggest avenues for future research. Our goal is to enhance knowledge of Mn oxides' regulatory roles in metal element translocation and transformation at the microstructure level, offering a framework for developing effective metal adsorbents and pollution control strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 89-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985024000036/pdfft?md5=9e1f464e07765eaf1d04377675dc1390&pid=1-s2.0-S2772985024000036-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139631614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do wearing masks and preservatives have a combined effect on skin health?","authors":"Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Leijian Chen ,&nbsp;Shuyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Song ,&nbsp;Hongwen Sun ,&nbsp;Zongwei Cai ,&nbsp;Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemical exposure and local hypoxia caused by mask-wearing may result in skin physiology changes. The effects of methylparaben (MeP), a commonly used preservative in personal care products, and hypoxia on skin health were investigated by HaCaT cell and ICR mouse experiments. MeP exposure resulted in lipid peroxidation and interfered with cellular glutathione metabolism, while hypoxia treatment disturbed phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis pathways and energy metabolism to respond to oxidative stress. A hypoxic environment increased the perturbation of MeP on the purine metabolism in HaCaT cells, resulting in increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The synergistic effects were further validated in a mouse model with MeP dermal exposure and “mask-wearing” treatment. CAT, PPARG, and MMP2 were identified as possible key gene targets associated with skin health risks posed by MeP and hypoxia. Network toxicity analysis suggested a synergistic effect, indicating the risk of skin inflammation and skin barrier aging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"Pages 107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985024000048/pdfft?md5=30a83f8f2b5d92c8c2369df5c48aa094&pid=1-s2.0-S2772985024000048-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139631288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic fields promote electrocatalytic CO2 reduction via subtle modulations of magnetic moments and molecular bonding","authors":"Shilin Wei,&nbsp;Weiqi Liu,&nbsp;Peiyao Bai,&nbsp;Chuangchuang Yang,&nbsp;Xiao Kong,&nbsp;Lang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Introducing a magnetic-field gradient into an electrically driven chemical reaction is expected to give rise to intriguing research possibilities. In this work, we elaborate on the modes and mechanisms of electrocatalytic activity (from the perspective of alignment of magnetic moments) and selectivity (at the molecular level) for the CO₂ reduction reaction in response to external magnetic fields. We establish a positive correlation between magnetic field strengths and apparent current densities. This correlation can be rationalized by the formation of longer-range ordering of magnetic moments and the resulting decrease in the scattering of conduction electrons and charge-transfer resistances as the field strength increases. Furthermore, aided by the magnetic-field-equipped <em>operando</em> infrared spectroscopy, we find that applied magnetic fields are capable of weakening the C–O bond strength of the key intermediate ∗COOH and elongating the C–O bond length, thereby increasing the faradaic efficiency for the electroreduction of CO₂ to CO.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 247-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985024000152/pdfft?md5=2d20ebee471e7163b020ece83e84d0bb&pid=1-s2.0-S2772985024000152-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140468358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface property and in vitro toxicity effect of insoluble particles given by protein corona: Implication for PM cytotoxicity assessment","authors":"Sisi Chen ,&nbsp;Yexuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongjuan Chen ,&nbsp;Weijuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Xin Hu ,&nbsp;Li Mao ,&nbsp;Xuewen Guo ,&nbsp;Hongzhen Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>In vitro</em> toxicological assessment helps explore key fractions of particulate matter (PM) in association with the toxic mechanism. Previous studies mainly discussed the toxicity effects of the water-soluble and organic-soluble fractions of PM. However, the toxicity of insoluble fractions is relatively poorly understood, and the adsorption of proteins is rarely considered. In this work, the formation of protein corona on the surface of insoluble particles during incubation in a culture medium was investigated. It was found that highly abundant proteins in fetal bovine serum were the main components of the protein corona. The adsorbed proteins increased the dispersion stability of insoluble particles. Meanwhile, the leaching concentrations of some metal elements (e.g., Cu, Zn, and Pb) from PM increased in the presence of proteins. The toxicity effects and potential mechanisms of the PM insoluble particle–protein corona complex on macrophage cells RAW264.7 were discussed. The results revealed that the PM insoluble particle–protein corona complex could influence the phagosome pathway in RAW264.7 cells. Thus, it promoted the intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and induced a greater degree of cell differentiation, significantly altering cell morphology. Consequently, this work sheds new light on the combination of insoluble particles and protein corona in terms of PM cytotoxicity assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 137-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985024000127/pdfft?md5=ecc56aae2013054e7163fb80f7ebf6d2&pid=1-s2.0-S2772985024000127-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards carbon neutrality: Sustainable recycling and upcycling strategies and mechanisms for polyethylene terephthalate via biotic/abiotic pathways","authors":"Jiaqi Yang ,&nbsp;Zhiling Li ,&nbsp;Qiongying Xu ,&nbsp;Wenzong Liu ,&nbsp;Shuhong Gao ,&nbsp;Peiwu Qin ,&nbsp;Zhenglin Chen ,&nbsp;Aijie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), one of the most ubiquitous engineering plastics, presents both environmental challenges and opportunities for carbon neutrality and a circular economy. This review comprehensively addressed the latest developments in biotic and abiotic approaches for PET recycling/upcycling. Biotically, microbial depolymerization of PET, along with the biosynthesis of reclaimed monomers [terephthalic acid (TPA), ethylene glycol (EG)] to value-added products, presents an alternative for managing PET waste and enables CO₂ reduction. Abiotically, thermal treatments (i.e., hydrolysis, glycolysis, methanolysis, etc.) and photo/electrocatalysis, enabled by catalysis advances, can depolymerize or convert PET/PET monomers in a more flexible, simple, fast, and controllable manner. Tandem abiotic/biotic catalysis offers great potential for PET upcycling to generate commodity chemicals and alternative materials, ideally at lower energy inputs, greenhouse gas emissions, and costs, compared to virgin polymer fabrication. Remarkably, over 25 types of upgraded PET products (e.g., adipic acid, muconic acid, catechol, vanillin, and glycolic acid, etc.) have been identified, underscoring the potential of PET upcycling in diverse applications. Efforts can be made to develop chemo-catalytic depolymerization of PET, improve microbial depolymerization of PET (e.g., hydrolysis efficiency, enzymatic activity, thermal and pH level stability, etc.), as well as identify new microorganisms or hydrolases capable of degrading PET through computational and machine learning algorithms. Consequently, this review provides a roadmap for advancing PET recycling and upcycling technologies, which hold the potential to shape the future of PET waste management and contribute to the preservation of our ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 2","pages":"Pages 117-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985024000115/pdfft?md5=a6fa705c839dd6540cd88fb460850623&pid=1-s2.0-S2772985024000115-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140463064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensified river salinization alters nitrogen-cycling microbial communities in arid and semi-arid regions of China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Freshwater salinization is receiving increasing global attention due to its profound influence on nitrogen cycling in aquatic ecosystems and the accessibility of water resources. However, a comprehensive understanding of the changes in river salinization and the impacts of salinity on nitrogen cycling in arid and semi-arid regions of China is currently lacking. A meta-analysis was first conducted based on previous investigations and found an intensification in river salinization that altered hydrochemical characteristics. To further analyze the impact of salinity on nitrogen metabolism processes, we evaluated rivers with long-term salinity gradients based on in situ observations. The genes and enzymes that were inhibited generally by salinity, especially those involved in nitrogen fixation and nitrification, showed low abundances in three salinity levels. The abundance of genes and enzymes with denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium functions still maintained a high proportion, especially for denitrification genes/enzymes that were enriched under medium salinity. Denitrifying bacteria exhibited various relationships with salinity, while dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium bacterium (such as <em>Hydrogenophaga</em> and <em>Curvibacter</em> carrying <em>nirB</em>) were more inhibited by salinity, indicating that diverse denitrifying bacteria could be used to regulate nitrogen concentration. Most genera exhibited symbiotic and mutual relationships, and the highest proportion of significant positive correlations of abundant genera was found under medium salinity. This study emphasizes the role of river salinity on environment characteristics and nitrogen transformation rules, and our results are useful for improving the availability of river water resources in arid and semi-arid regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 271-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985024000139/pdfft?md5=1efcfc3aeb1a1b1dfb4e1b9d3090fc2d&pid=1-s2.0-S2772985024000139-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140464135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health risk assessment of municipal solid waste incineration emissions based on regression analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eehl.2024.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined the potential health risks posed by the operation of 96 waste-to-energy (WtE) plants in 30 cities in the Bohai Rim of China. Utilizing a sophisticated simulation approach, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the California Puff (CALPUFF) model, we obtained the spatial distribution of pollutants emitted by WtE plants in the atmosphere. Hazard indices (HI) and cancer risks (CR) were calculated for each plant using the United States Environmental Protection Agency's recommended methodologies. The results indicated that both HIs and CRs were generally low, with values below the accepted threshold of 1.0 and 1.0 × 10⁻⁶, respectively. Specifically, the average HI and CR values for the entire study area were 2.95 × 10⁻³ and 3.43 × 10⁻⁷, respectively. However, some variability in these values was observed depending on the location and type of WtE plant. A thorough analysis of various parameters, such as waste composition, moisture content, and operating conditions, was conducted to identify the factors that influence the health risks associated with incineration. The findings suggest that proper waste sorting and categorization, increased cost of construction, and elevated height of chimneys are effective strategies for reducing the health risks associated with incineration. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the potential health risks associated with WtE plants in the Bohai Rim region of China. The findings can serve as useful guidelines for law enforcement wings and industry professionals seeking to minimize the risks associated with municipal solid waste (MSW) management and promote sustainable development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":29813,"journal":{"name":"Eco-Environment & Health","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 338-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772985024000103/pdfft?md5=7226dd25f5fc4fffab6fb6d8d8df029f&pid=1-s2.0-S2772985024000103-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}