ACS Applied Optical Materials最新文献

{"title":"Design of PV Cells and LEDs Robust to Grid Shadowing Losses in Emission.","authors":"Jasper van Gastel, Pyry Kivisaari, Jani Oksanen, Elias Vlieg, John J Schermer","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00269","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In photovoltaics, it is generally assumed that the emission and absorption efficiency is linearly affected by the grid coverage fraction. Typically, the top grid is therefore optimized to allow maximal light exposure with minimal electrical resistance, while the optical properties of the grid are not treated to the same extent. In this work, we provide a numerical study that shows that as a result of the optical properties of the grid, the light extraction efficiency and resulting emission changes nonlinearly with grid coverage, contrary to the standard approximation. If the grid is optically lossy while light is mostly trapped in the diode, the loss in emission is more than linear and therefore larger than expected based on the standard grid shadowing assumption. However, with an optically reflective grid and a good light extraction scheme, the structure obtains a robustness against losses from grid, leading to a meaningful increase in the light extraction efficiency. This is shown using a simple 300 nm GaAs light-emitting diode (LED) structure the emissive properties of which generalize to a thin-film PV cell. Specifically, it is found that depending on the design of the grid and backside mirror, at 10% grid coverage the light extraction efficiency need only be reduced less than 4% absolute. Conversely, in particularly detrimental cases, at 10% grid coverage the light extraction efficiency is reduced by over 35% absolute.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 9","pages":"2153-2162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12481568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145207802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Tb3+-Doped CaMoO4 Nanothermometers Using Plant Extract: Enhanced Optical Properties for Temperature Sensing Applications","authors":"Daniela F. Duarte,&nbsp;Gilberto J. Arruda,&nbsp;Luiz A. O. Nunes,&nbsp;Sandro M. Lima and Luis H. C. Andrade*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00208","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Luminescent temperature sensors enable precise thermal monitoring at cellular levels, facilitating cancer treatment approaches and industrial process monitoring across wide temperature ranges. These sensors, when constructed from inorganic matrices incorporating specific luminescence-activating centers, allow temperature estimation through their emission characteristics. This work investigates the optical properties of Tb³⁺-doped CaMoO₄ crystals synthesized via an environmentally friendly coprecipitation method using an extract from the leaves of the <i>Tabebuia aurea</i> tree. Spectroscopic characterization confirms the formation of the CaMoO₄ crystalline phase and successful incorporation of Tb³⁺ ions into the crystal lattice. Particle morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Temperature-dependent luminescence measurements reveal exceptional performance as an optical sensor, with a calculated relative sensitivity of 2.8% K^–1 at 363 K, surpassing previously reported values for other Tb³⁺-doped materials. This green synthesis approach demonstrates that environmentally sustainable methods can produce nanothermometers with enhanced sensing capabilities, surpassing conventionally synthesized alternatives, and with significantly reduced organic residues, which correlates with a superior radiative lifetime and excellent stability and reproducibility for practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"1810–1820"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsaom.5c00208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterovalent Substitution of K2SrP2O7:Cr3+ to Achieve Anti-Thermal-Quenching Broadband Near-Infrared Luminescence","authors":"Hexi Zhang,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Yuanbing Mao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00201","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Broadband near-infrared (NIR) light sources based on phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes are highly desirable for biochemical analysis and medical diagnosis applications. However, thermal quenching remains a demanding challenge for developing efficient NIR phosphors. Herein, we report the enhancement of both quantum efficiency and thermal stability in Cr³⁺-activated K₂SrP₂O₇ phosphors through a heterovalent substitution strategy by replacing Sr²⁺ with Al³⁺ in K₂Sr_1–<i>x</i>Al_<i>x</i>P₂O₇ (0.05 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.2) to obtain optimized broadband NIR emission. Structural modulation via Al³⁺ substitution leads to the optimized composition, K₂Sr_0.88Al_0.1P₂O₇:0.02Cr³⁺, which emits across a broad NIR range of 650–1100 nm peaking at 807 nm with a full width at half-maximum of ∼130 nm under 448 nm excitation. Remarkably, its emission intensity at 150 °C remains 120% of the initial value at room temperature, demonstrating a rare antithermal-quenching behavior. Temperature-dependent XRD studies further reveal that Al³⁺ substitution effectively suppresses lattice expansion at elevated temperatures, indicating enhanced lattice stability under thermal excitation. Detailed structural and spectral analyses show that the substitution enhances local site symmetry, reduces electron–phonon coupling, increases thermally induced absorption probability, and fortifies energetic barriers against nonradiative transitions. These synergistic effects collectively endow this NIR phosphor with a superior thermal stability. Furthermore, NIR light-emitting diodes fabricated with this phosphor exhibit strong potential for applications in information identification, nondestructive detection, and night vision technologies. This study demonstrates a local structure engineering strategy for designing thermally robust Cr³⁺-activated NIR phosphors, offering valuable insights into material discovery and NIR spectroscopy device development.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"1766–1776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsaom.5c00201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrically Controllable Fingerprint Texture and Diffraction Pattern of Polymer-Stabilized Cholesteric Liquid Crystals","authors":"Kyung Min Lee*,&nbsp;Robert L. Dupont,&nbsp;Steven M. Wolf,&nbsp;Nicholas P. Godman,&nbsp;Timothy J. Bunning and Michael E. McConney*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00278","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fingerprint textures formed in chiral nematic liquid crystals can interact with light to generate complex, random transmitted or reflective patterns and can be used in several applications, optical devices, anticounterfeiting measures, tunable diffractive optics, and microfluidic devices. Here, we report the fabrication and properties of electrically controllable fingerprint textures and their associated diffraction patterns using polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (FP-PSCLCs). While FP-CLCs exhibit different fingerprint textures each time an electric field is applied and removed, FP-PSCLCs stabilized with a small amount of polymer show the same fingerprint texture upon application and removal of a low AC voltage. Applying a sufficiently high AC voltage to FP-PSCLCs can induce random movement of ionic charges (i.e., hydrodynamic instability), leading to a different FP texture. The application of mechanical force to the FP-PSCLC sample can also induce a temporary texture independent of the electrically induced FP texture. In the absence of external stimulation, both the initial FP texture and the deformed temporary FP texture were observed to remain unchanged for several months, demonstrating a bistable behavior due to the memory effect of the polymer network of the FP-PSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"1900–1906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-Induced Defects for Enhanced Optical Limiting in a Wide-Band-Gap Dual-Linker Framework","authors":"Selva Boopalan A,&nbsp;Mani Rahulan K,&nbsp;N. Angeline Little Flower,&nbsp;Sabari Girisun T C and Annie Sujatha R*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00235","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The escalating demand in optical limiting applications necessitates the exploration of novel platforms with tunable optical properties, among which metal–organic frameworks are emerging as a viable candidate. ZIF-62, a dual-linker framework that is not widely researched, exhibits an orthorhombic phase with imidazole and benzimidazole as its linkers and zinc as the metal cation. This article concentrates on the influence of the synthesis temperature on the optical limiting response of ZIF-62. ZIF-62 is found to be a material with a wide band gap that can be used as an optical limiter to protect human eyes and sensors. The defects in the crystal lattice, confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, act as localized electronic perturbations and boost their absorption properties. Increasing the synthesis temperature from 80 to 130 °C induces a red shift in the band gap. Photoluminescence properties show a magenta emission when the excitation was kept at 275 nm for the sample synthesized at 130 °C and a decrease in the emission for the sample synthesized at 80 °C. Similar to the linear absorption studies, the nonlinear absorption studies reveal an increase in the β value to be 1.07 × 10^–10 m/W and a reduction in the optical limiting threshold of 3.61 × 10¹² W/m² for the sample synthesized at 130 °C. In summary, the temperature-dependent optical properties of ZIF-62 and their impact in optical limiting applications are reported for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"1857–1869"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband Upconversion Fluorescence Imaging in Mixed-Halide Perovskite Nanoplates through Direct Femtosecond Laser Writing","authors":"Junlin Lu,&nbsp;Chunhua Zhou,&nbsp;Guiyuan Cao,&nbsp;Zhixing Gan,&nbsp;Joel van Embden,&nbsp;Baohua Jia* and Xiaoming Wen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00230","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Efficient single-photon upconversion is observed in halide perovskites without rare metal doping. Using advanced femtosecond direct laser writing (fs-DLW), an upconversion fluorescence image is obtained spanning a broadband (green-to-red) wavelength region in mixed-halide perovskite FAPb(Br_<i>x</i>I_1–<i>x</i>)₃ nanoplatelets. After fs-DLW fabrication, a I–Br mixture component is formed within the mixed-halide perovskite nanoplatelets. The corresponding diversified band gap culminates in a broadband photoluminescence emission. Confocal microscopy images show that the upconversion signal is spatially distributed on the nanoplates. In addition, it is confirmed that the upconversion signal has a low excitation threshold. Efficient single-photon upconversion is observed, which we hypothesize is due to effective upconversion through a “lattice energy reservoir”. These findings are highly beneficial for further highly sensitive near-infrared photodetection and solar energy harvesting.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"1850–1856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Stimuli-Responsive Naphthalimide–Spiropyran Hybrids for Reversible Optical Printing and Multilevel Anticounterfeiting Applications","authors":"Jiabao Yan,&nbsp;Ji Fan*,&nbsp;Zirun Zhan,&nbsp;Zhaofeng Zheng,&nbsp;Ziyun Lin,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Xu Li and Hongqi Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00237","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Stimuli-responsive materials have attracted extensive attention in recent years due to their broad application prospects in data storage, drug release, sensing, and anticounterfeiting. In this study, a naphthalimide-conjugated spiropyran derivative (NSP) has been synthesized and characterized. NSP exhibits dual-stimuli-responsive properties of photochromism and mechanochromism. Due to its intramolecular charge transfer characteristics, the NSP solution demonstrates excellent photochromic behavior (a yellow-to-purple transition) and dual fluorescence switching characteristics (from yellow to orange-red emission). Under mechanical stimulation, the internal packing structure of the NSP powder is modified, endowing it with analogous reversible color-changing and fluorescence-switching capabilities. Furthermore, photochromic-functionalized cotton fabrics (PCF) capable of real-time dual optical signal output (color transition and fluorescence emission) have been fabricated using textile dyeing and finishing technology, demonstrating high color contrast/resolution, superior reversibility, and convenient multicolor patterning features. Leveraging this efficient and reversible photochromic behavior, we successfully demonstrate that PCF serves as an excellent material for rewritable optical printing and a multilevel anticounterfeiting material for dynamic information encryption.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"1881–1890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible Photonic Synaptic Transistors with UV Responsivity via Graphene Quantum Dots for Neuromorphic Vision Systems","authors":"Bum Ho Jeong,&nbsp;Jaewon Lee,&nbsp;Sang Won Kim* and Hui Joon Park*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00234","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The ever-growing demands of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence are pushing conventional von Neumann architectures beyond their limits, largely due to the physical separation of memory and processing units. Neuromorphic computing, engineered to mimic the massively parallel, ultralow-power operation of the human brain, relies critically on devices that faithfully emulate synaptic function. Here, we report a flexible, ultraviolet (UV)-responsive optoelectronic synaptic transistor that integrates light sensing, memory, and signal processing within a single element. Our device employs graphene quantum dots derived from a functionalized hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC-PF6) dispersed in a poly(4-vinylphenol) matrix as a floating gate with an ultrathin Al₂O₃ tunneling layer and a high-mobility organic semiconductor channel (2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-<i>b</i>][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT)) on an indium tin oxide (ITO) gate electrode. Under UV illumination, photogenerated holes tunnel into the channel while electrons are trapped in the floating gate, inducing a nonvolatile shift in threshold voltage and mimicking synaptic potentiation; a reverse bias erases the memory. The transistors retain stable operation under extreme mechanical bending (±1 mm radius) and exhibit robust synaptic behaviors─excitatory postsynaptic currents, paired-pulse facilitation, short- to long-term plasticity transitions, and reversible long-term potentiation/depression─at energy consumptions as low as 1.2 fJ per event. Finally, an array of these devices implemented in a simple artificial neural network achieves &gt;91% accuracy on handwritten-digit recognition, demonstrating their promise for wearable neuromorphic vision systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"1870–1880"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Anomalous Effect of a Sample Holder in the Photoluminescence of Halide Double Perovskites","authors":"Daiwen Xiao,&nbsp;Hei-Yui Kai,&nbsp;Ka-Leung Wong* and Peter A. Tanner*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00259","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Double-perovskite halides are attracting considerable attention due to their potential applications in solar cells and photovoltaics. The Cs₂NaMCl₆ (M = Sc, Y, La, Lu) compounds are transparent in the visible region. However, their reported emission spectra often show bands due to contamination by minute amounts of impurities, such as Cr or Sb. We found the presence of another spurious spectral feature with broad green emission, also in Cs₂NaRECl₆, RE = Y, Gd. In particular, the CsCl starting material also exhibits an analogous strong, broad emission band at room temperature at about 530 nm. It was discovered that this emission is due to Cu¹⁺ from the use of a copper sample holder, and the band is absent when using a stainless-steel sample holder. Emission from the Mn²⁺ ion is also found in some samples due to the presence of manganese in the starting materials. Comparison of our results with those of ternary copper chlorides shows that the impurity compound formed is Cs₃Cu₂Cl₅. An alternative viewpoint for the energy level scheme of this 0-dimensional system is included. This study emphasizes the need to check sample synthesis and sample purity, carefully monitor the integrity of starting materials, and check for incorporation of impurities during sample handling.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"1891–1899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coordination Rigidity Lock: An Effective Strategy for Ultralong-Lived Aqueous Room-Temperature Phosphorescence","authors":"Da Jun Wu,&nbsp;Yichen Shi,&nbsp;Li Ya Liang,&nbsp;Ya Ting Gao,&nbsp;Da Wei Li* and Bin Bin Chen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsaom.5c00226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaom.5c00226","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The design of ultralong-lived aqueous room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials has emerged as a rapidly advancing yet challenging research field. In this work, we introduce a coordination rigidity locking strategy to achieve an ultralong aqueous RTP lifetime in lanthanum- and poly(pyromeric acid)-based phosphorescent materials (La/PMA-PMs). Compared to their dry state (212 ms), the La/PMA-PMs display a significantly increased lifetime of 974 ms upon the addition of a small amount of water (50 wt %). Notably, even in a fully nondeoxygenated aqueous environment (≥300 wt % water), La/PMA-PMs retain an ultralong aqueous RTP lifetime of approximately 800 ms. The water-enhanced RTP can be ascribed to the abundant La³⁺ sites and hydrophilic groups on the La/PMA-PMs surface. Specifically, water molecules coordinate with La³⁺ ions while also serving as bridging agents that bind to hydrophilic groups via hydrogen bonding. This interaction rigidifies the functional groups and restricts their molecular motions, thereby minimizing nonradiative decay. This work not only presents a robust coordination rigidity strategy for designing high-performance aqueous RTP materials but also highlights their potential as optical platforms for advanced anticounterfeiting applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29803,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Optical Materials","volume":"3 8","pages":"1828–1834"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144885301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}