Radiology-Artificial Intelligence最新文献

{"title":"Using Artificial Intelligence to Improve Diagnosis of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms.","authors":"Shuncong Wang","doi":"10.1148/ryai.240696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/ryai.240696","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":"7 1","pages":"e240696"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Biology-based and MRI Data-driven Modeling to Predict Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.","authors":"Casey E Stowers, Chengyue Wu, Zhan Xu, Sidharth Kumar, Clinton Yam, Jong Bum Son, Jingfei Ma, Jonathan I Tamir, Gaiane M Rauch, Thomas E Yankeelov","doi":"10.1148/ryai.240124","DOIUrl":"10.1148/ryai.240124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose To combine deep learning and biology-based modeling to predict the response of locally advanced, triple-negative breast cancer before initiating neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, a biology-based mathematical model of tumor response to NAC was constructed and calibrated on a patient-specific basis using imaging data from patients enrolled in the MD Anderson A Robust TNBC Evaluation FraMework to Improve Survival trial (ARTEMIS; ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT02276443) between April 2018 and May 2021. To relate the calibrated parameters in the biology-based model and pretreatment MRI data, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was employed. The CNN predictions of the calibrated model parameters were used to estimate tumor response at the end of NAC. CNN performance in the estimations of total tumor volume (TTV), total tumor cellularity (TTC), and tumor status was evaluated. Model-predicted TTC and TTV measurements were compared with MRI-based measurements using the concordance correlation coefficient and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (for predicting pathologic complete response at the end of NAC). Results The study included 118 female patients (median age, 51 years [range, 29-78 years]). For comparison of CNN predicted to measured change in TTC and TTV over the course of NAC, the concordance correlation coefficient values were 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90, 0.98) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.97), respectively. CNN-predicted TTC and TTV had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.94) and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.95) for predicting tumor status at the time of surgery, respectively. Conclusion Deep learning integrated with a biology-based mathematical model showed good performance in predicting the spatial and temporal evolution of a patient's tumor during NAC using only pre-NAC MRI data. <b>Keywords:</b> Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, Convolutional Neural Network, Biology-based Mathematical Model <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> Clinical trial registration no. NCT02276443 ©RSNA, 2024 See also commentary by Mei and Huang in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":" ","pages":"e240124"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11791743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Machine Learning Model to Harmonize Volumetric Brain MRI Data for Quantitative Neuroradiologic Assessment of Alzheimer Disease.","authors":"Damiano Archetti, Vikram Venkatraghavan, Béla Weiss, Pierrick Bourgeat, Tibor Auer, Zoltán Vidnyánszky, Stanley Durrleman, Wiesje M van der Flier, Frederik Barkhof, Daniel C Alexander, Andre Altmann, Alberto Redolfi, Betty M Tijms, Neil P Oxtoby","doi":"10.1148/ryai.240030","DOIUrl":"10.1148/ryai.240030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose To extend a previously developed machine learning algorithm for harmonizing brain volumetric data of individuals undergoing neuroradiologic assessment of Alzheimer disease not encountered during model training. Materials and Methods Neuroharmony is a recently developed method that uses image quality metrics as predictors to remove scanner-related effects in brain-volumetric data using random forest regression. To account for the interactions between Alzheimer disease pathology and image quality metrics during harmonization, the authors developed a multiclass extension of Neuroharmony for individuals with and without cognitive impairment. Cross-validation experiments were performed to benchmark performance against other available strategies using data from 20 864 participants with and without cognitive impairment, spanning 11 prospective and retrospective cohorts and 43 scanners. Evaluation metrics assessed the ability to remove scanner-related variations in brain volumes (marker concordance between scanner pairs) while retaining the ability to delineate different diagnostic groups (preserving disease-related signal). Results For each strategy, marker concordances between scanners were significantly better (<i>P</i> < .001) compared with preharmonized data. The proposed multiclass model achieved significantly higher concordance (mean, 0.75 ± 0.09 [SD]) than the Neuroharmony model trained on individuals without cognitive impairment (mean, 0.70 ± 0.11) and preserved disease-related signal (∆AUC [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve] = -0.006 ± 0.027) better than the Neuroharmony model trained on individuals with and without cognitive impairment that did not use the proposed extension (∆AUC = -0.091 ± 0.036). The marker concordance was better in scanners seen during training (concordance > 0.97) than unseen (concordance < 0.79), independent of cognitive status. Conclusion In a large-scale multicenter dataset, the proposed multiclass Neuroharmony model outperformed other available strategies for harmonizing brain volumetric data from unseen scanners in a clinical setting. <b>Keywords:</b> Image Postprocessing, MR Imaging, Dementia, Random Forest <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> Published under a CC BY 4.0 license See also commentary by Haller in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":" ","pages":"e240030"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Deep Learning Model for the Detection, Segmentation, and Morphologic Analysis of Intracranial Aneurysms Using CT Angiography.","authors":"Yi Yang, Zhenyao Chang, Xin Nie, Jun Wu, Jingang Chen, Weiqi Liu, Hongwei He, Shuo Wang, Chengcheng Zhu, Qingyuan Liu","doi":"10.1148/ryai.240017","DOIUrl":"10.1148/ryai.240017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose To develop a deep learning model for the morphologic measurement of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) based on CT angiography (CTA) data and validate its performance using a multicenter dataset. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, patients with CTA examinations, including those with and without UIAs, in a tertiary referral hospital from February 2018 to February 2021 were included as the training dataset. Patients with UIAs who underwent CTA at multiple centers between April 2021 and December 2022 were included as the multicenter external testing set. An integrated deep learning (IDL) model was developed for UIA detection, segmentation, and morphologic measurement using an nnU-Net algorithm. Model performance was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), with measurements by senior radiologists serving as the reference standard. The ability of the IDL model to improve performance of junior radiologists in measuring morphologic UIA features was assessed. Results The study included 1182 patients with UIAs and 578 controls without UIAs as the training dataset (median age, 55 years [IQR, 47-62 years], 1012 [57.5%] female) and 535 patients with UIAs as the multicenter external testing set (median age, 57 years [IQR, 50-63 years], 353 [66.0%] female). The IDL model achieved 97% accuracy in detecting UIAs and achieved a DSC of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.88, 0.92) for UIA segmentation. Model-based morphologic measurements showed good agreement with reference standard measurements (all ICCs > 0.85). Within the multicenter external testing set, the IDL model also showed agreement with reference standard measurements (all ICCs > 0.80). Junior radiologists assisted by the IDL model showed significantly improved performance in measuring UIA size (ICC improved from 0.88 [95% CI: 0.80, 0.92] to 0.96 [95% CI: 0.92, 0.97], <i>P</i> < .001). Conclusion The developed integrated deep learning model using CTA data showed good performance in UIA detection, segmentation, and morphologic measurement and may be used to assist less experienced radiologists in morphologic analysis of UIAs. <b>Keywords:</b> Segmentation, CT Angiography, Head/Neck, Aneurysms, Comparative Studies <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> © RSNA, 2024 See also the commentary by Wang in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":" ","pages":"e240017"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SCIseg: Automatic Segmentation of Intramedullary Lesions in Spinal Cord Injury on T2-weighted MRI Scans.","authors":"Enamundram Naga Karthik, Jan Valošek, Andrew C Smith, Dario Pfyffer, Simon Schading-Sassenhausen, Lynn Farner, Kenneth A Weber, Patrick Freund, Julien Cohen-Adad","doi":"10.1148/ryai.240005","DOIUrl":"10.1148/ryai.240005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose To develop a deep learning tool for the automatic segmentation of the spinal cord and intramedullary lesions in spinal cord injury (SCI) on T2-weighted MRI scans. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included MRI data acquired between July 2002 and February 2023. The data consisted of T2-weighted MRI scans acquired using different scanner manufacturers with various image resolutions (isotropic and anisotropic) and orientations (axial and sagittal). Patients had different lesion etiologies (traumatic, ischemic, and hemorrhagic) and lesion locations across the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine. A deep learning model, SCIseg (which is open source and accessible through the Spinal Cord Toolbox, version 6.2 and above), was trained in a three-phase process involving active learning for the automatic segmentation of intramedullary SCI lesions and the spinal cord. The segmentations from the proposed model were visually and quantitatively compared with those from three other open-source methods (PropSeg, DeepSeg, and contrast-agnostic, all part of the Spinal Cord Toolbox). The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare quantitative MRI biomarkers of SCI (lesion volume, lesion length, and maximal axial damage ratio) derived from the manual reference standard lesion masks and biomarkers obtained automatically with SCIseg segmentations. Results The study included 191 patients with SCI (mean age, 48.1 years ± 17.9 [SD]; 142 [74%] male patients). SCIseg achieved a mean Dice score of 0.92 ± 0.07 and 0.61 ± 0.27 for spinal cord and SCI lesion segmentation, respectively. There was no evidence of a difference between lesion length (<i>P</i> = .42) and maximal axial damage ratio (<i>P</i> = .16) computed from manually annotated lesions and the lesion segmentations obtained using SCIseg. Conclusion SCIseg accurately segmented intramedullary lesions on a diverse dataset of T2-weighted MRI scans and automatically extracted clinically relevant lesion characteristics. <b>Keywords:</b> Spinal Cord, Trauma, Segmentation, MR Imaging, Supervised Learning, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) Published under a CC BY 4.0 license.</p>","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":" ","pages":"e240005"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11791505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FastMRI Breast: A Publicly Available Radial k-Space Dataset of Breast Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI.","authors":"Eddy Solomon, Patricia M Johnson, Zhengguo Tan, Radhika Tibrewala, Yvonne W Lui, Florian Knoll, Linda Moy, Sungheon Gene Kim, Laura Heacock","doi":"10.1148/ryai.240345","DOIUrl":"10.1148/ryai.240345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":" ","pages":"e240345"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11791504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Fully Automated and Human-assisted Artificial Intelligence-based CT Quantification of Pleural Effusion Changes after Thoracentesis.","authors":"Eui Jin Hwang, Hyunsook Hong, Seungyeon Ko, Seung-Jin Yoo, Hyungjin Kim, Dahee Kim, Soon Ho Yoon","doi":"10.1148/ryai.240215","DOIUrl":"10.1148/ryai.240215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantifying pleural effusion change at chest CT is important for evaluating disease severity and treatment response. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)-based volume quantification of pleural effusion change on CT images, using the volume of drained fluid as the reference standard. Seventy-nine participants (mean age ± SD, 65 years ± 13; 47 male) undergoing thoracentesis were prospectively enrolled from October 2021 to September 2023. Chest CT scans were obtained just before and after thoracentesis. The volume of pleural fluid on each CT scan, with the difference representing the drained fluid volume, was measured by automated segmentation (fully automated measurement). An expert thoracic radiologist then manually corrected these automated volume measurements (human-assisted measurement). Both fully automated (median percentage error, 13.1%; maximum estimated 95% error, 708 mL) and human-assisted measurements (median percentage error, 10.9%; maximum estimated 95% error, 312 mL) systematically underestimated the volume of drained fluid, beyond the equivalence margin. The magnitude of underestimation increased proportionally to the drainage volume. Agreements between fully automated and human-assisted measurements (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.99) and the test-retest reliability of fully automated (ICC, 0.995) and human-assisted (ICC, 0.997) measurements were excellent. These results highlight a potential systematic discrepancy between AI segmentation-based CT quantification of pleural effusion volume change and actual volume change. <b>Keywords:</b> CT-Quantitative, Thorax, Pleura, Segmentation Clinical Research Information Service registration no. KCT0006683 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> © RSNA, 2025.</p>","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":" ","pages":"e240215"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning to Harmonize Interscanner Variability of Brain MRI Volumetry: Why and How.","authors":"Sven Haller","doi":"10.1148/ryai.240779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1148/ryai.240779","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":"7 1","pages":"e240779"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving More with Less: Combining Strong and Weak Labels for Intracranial Hemorrhage Detection.","authors":"Tugba Akinci D'Antonoli, Jeffrey D Rudie","doi":"10.1148/ryai.240670","DOIUrl":"10.1148/ryai.240670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":"6 6","pages":"e240670"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the Generalizability of AI in Radiology Using a Novel Data Augmentation Framework with Synthetic Patient Image Data: Proof-of-Concept and External Validation for Classification Tasks in Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"Gianluca Brugnara, Chandrakanth Jayachandran Preetha, Katerina Deike, Robert Haase, Thomas Pinetz, Martha Foltyn-Dumitru, Mustafa A Mahmutoglu, Brigitte Wildemann, Ricarda Diem, Wolfgang Wick, Alexander Radbruch, Martin Bendszus, Hagen Meredig, Aditya Rastogi, Philipp Vollmuth","doi":"10.1148/ryai.230514","DOIUrl":"10.1148/ryai.230514","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) models often face performance drops after deployment to external datasets. This study evaluated the potential of a novel data augmentation framework based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) that creates synthetic patient image data for model training to improve model generalizability. Model development and external testing were performed for a given classification task, namely the detection of new fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesions at MRI during longitudinal follow-up of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). An internal dataset of 669 patients with MS (<i>n</i> = 3083 examinations) was used to develop an attention-based network, trained both with and without the inclusion of the GAN-based synthetic data augmentation framework. External testing was performed on 134 patients with MS from a different institution, with MR images acquired using different scanners and protocols than images used during training. Models trained using synthetic data augmentation showed a significant performance improvement when applied on external data (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 83.6% without synthetic data vs 93.3% with synthetic data augmentation; <i>P</i> = .03), achieving comparable results to the internal test set (AUC, 95.0%; <i>P</i> = .53), whereas models without synthetic data augmentation demonstrated a performance drop upon external testing (AUC, 93.8% on internal dataset vs 83.6% on external data; <i>P</i> = .03). Data augmentation with synthetic patient data substantially improved performance of AI models on unseen MRI data and may be extended to other clinical conditions or tasks to mitigate domain shift, limit class imbalance, and enhance the robustness of AI applications in medical imaging. <b>Keywords:</b> Brain, Brain Stem, Multiple Sclerosis, Synthetic Data Augmentation, Generative Adversarial Network <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> © RSNA, 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":" ","pages":"e230514"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11605143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}