Louis Gagnon, Diviya Gupta, George Mastorakos, Nathan White, Vanessa Goodwill, Carrie R McDonald, Thomas Beaumont, Christopher Conlin, Tyler M Seibert, Uyen Nguyen, Jona Hattangadi-Gluth, Santosh Kesari, Jessica D Schulte, David Piccioni, Kathleen M Schmainda, Nikdokht Farid, Anders M Dale, Jeffrey D Rudie
{"title":"Fluid Intelligence: AI's Role in Accurate Measurement of Ascites.","authors":"Alex M Aisen, Pedro S Rodrigues","doi":"10.1148/ryai.240377","DOIUrl":"10.1148/ryai.240377","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":"6 5","pages":"e240377"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11427919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142018901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher O Lew, Evan Calabrese, Joshua V Chen, Felicia Tang, Gunvant Chaudhari, Amanda Lee, John Faro, Sandra Juul, Amit Mathur, Robert C McKinstry, Jessica L Wisnowski, Andreas Rauschecker, Yvonne W Wu, Yi Li
{"title":"Advancing Pediatric Neuro-Oncology: Multi-institutional nnU-Net Segmentation of Medulloblastoma.","authors":"Jeffrey D Rudie, Maria Correia de Verdier","doi":"10.1148/ryai.240517","DOIUrl":"10.1148/ryai.240517","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":"6 5","pages":"e240517"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11427924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142297037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bastien Le Guellec, Alexandre Lefèvre, Charlotte Geay, Lucas Shorten, Cyril Bruge, Lotfi Hacein-Bey, Philippe Amouyel, Jean-Pierre Pruvo, Gregory Kuchcinski, Aghiles Hamroun
{"title":"Performance of an Open-Source Large Language Model in Extracting Information from Free-Text Radiology Reports.","authors":"Bastien Le Guellec, Alexandre Lefèvre, Charlotte Geay, Lucas Shorten, Cyril Bruge, Lotfi Hacein-Bey, Philippe Amouyel, Jean-Pierre Pruvo, Gregory Kuchcinski, Aghiles Hamroun","doi":"10.1148/ryai.230364","DOIUrl":"10.1148/ryai.230364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose To assess the performance of a local open-source large language model (LLM) in various information extraction tasks from real-life emergency brain MRI reports. Materials and Methods All consecutive emergency brain MRI reports written in 2022 from a French quaternary center were retrospectively reviewed. Two radiologists identified MRI scans that were performed in the emergency department for headaches. Four radiologists scored the reports' conclusions as either normal or abnormal. Abnormalities were labeled as either headache-causing or incidental. Vicuna (LMSYS Org), an open-source LLM, performed the same tasks. Vicuna's performance metrics were evaluated using the radiologists' consensus as the reference standard. Results Among the 2398 reports during the study period, radiologists identified 595 that included headaches in the indication (median age of patients, 35 years [IQR, 26-51 years]; 68% [403 of 595] women). A positive finding was reported in 227 of 595 (38%) cases, 136 of which could explain the headache. The LLM had a sensitivity of 98.0% (95% CI: 96.5, 99.0) and specificity of 99.3% (95% CI: 98.8, 99.7) for detecting the presence of headache in the clinical context, a sensitivity of 99.4% (95% CI: 98.3, 99.9) and specificity of 98.6% (95% CI: 92.2, 100.0) for the use of contrast medium injection, a sensitivity of 96.0% (95% CI: 92.5, 98.2) and specificity of 98.9% (95% CI: 97.2, 99.7) for study categorization as either normal or abnormal, and a sensitivity of 88.2% (95% CI: 81.6, 93.1) and specificity of 73% (95% CI: 62, 81) for causal inference between MRI findings and headache. Conclusion An open-source LLM was able to extract information from free-text radiology reports with excellent accuracy without requiring further training. <b>Keywords:</b> Large Language Model (LLM), Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT), Open Source, Information Extraction, Report, Brain, MRI <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. See also the commentary by Akinci D'Antonoli and Bluethgen in this issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":" ","pages":"e230364"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11294959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140877470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali S Tejani, Michail E Klontzas, Anthony A Gatti, John T Mongan, Linda Moy, Seong Ho Park, Charles E Kahn
{"title":"Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM): 2024 Update.","authors":"Ali S Tejani, Michail E Klontzas, Anthony A Gatti, John T Mongan, Linda Moy, Seong Ho Park, Charles E Kahn","doi":"10.1148/ryai.240300","DOIUrl":"10.1148/ryai.240300","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":" ","pages":"e240300"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11304031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arun Somasundaram, Mingming Wu, Anna Reik, Selina Rupp, Jessie Han, Stella Naebauer, Daniela Junker, Lisa Patzelt, Meike Wiechert, Yu Zhao, Daniel Rueckert, Hans Hauner, Christina Holzapfel, Dimitrios C Karampinos
{"title":"Evaluating Sex-specific Differences in Abdominal Fat Volume and Proton Density Fat Fraction at MRI Using Automated nnU-Net-based Segmentation.","authors":"Arun Somasundaram, Mingming Wu, Anna Reik, Selina Rupp, Jessie Han, Stella Naebauer, Daniela Junker, Lisa Patzelt, Meike Wiechert, Yu Zhao, Daniel Rueckert, Hans Hauner, Christina Holzapfel, Dimitrios C Karampinos","doi":"10.1148/ryai.230471","DOIUrl":"10.1148/ryai.230471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sex-specific abdominal organ volume and proton density fat fraction (PDFF) in people with obesity during a weight loss intervention was assessed with automated multiorgan segmentation of quantitative water-fat MRI. An nnU-Net architecture was employed for automatic segmentation of abdominal organs, including visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, liver, and psoas and erector spinae muscle, based on quantitative chemical shift-encoded MRI and using ground truth labels generated from participants of the Lifestyle Intervention (LION) study. Each organ's volume and fat content were examined in 127 participants (73 female and 54 male participants; body mass index, 30-39.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and in 81 (54 female and 32 male participants) of these participants after an 8-week formula-based low-calorie diet. Dice scores ranging from 0.91 to 0.97 were achieved for the automatic segmentation. PDFF was found to be lower in visceral adipose tissue compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue in both male and female participants. Before intervention, female participants exhibited higher PDFF in subcutaneous adipose tissue (90.6% vs 89.7%; <i>P</i> < .001) and lower PDFF in liver (8.6% vs 13.3%; <i>P</i> < .001) and visceral adipose tissue (76.4% vs 81.3%; <i>P</i> < .001) compared with male participants. This relation persisted after intervention. As a response to caloric restriction, male participants lost significantly more visceral adipose tissue volume (1.76 L vs 0.91 L; <i>P</i> < .001) and showed a higher decrease in subcutaneous adipose tissue PDFF (2.7% vs 1.5%; <i>P</i> < .001) than female participants. Automated body composition analysis on quantitative water-fat MRI data provides new insights for understanding sex-specific metabolic response to caloric restriction and weight loss in people with obesity. <b>Keywords:</b> Obesity, Chemical Shift-encoded MRI, Abdominal Fat Volume, Proton Density Fat Fraction, nnU-Net ClinicalTrials.gov registration no. NCT04023942 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> Published under a CC BY 4.0 license.</p>","PeriodicalId":29787,"journal":{"name":"Radiology-Artificial Intelligence","volume":" ","pages":"e230471"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11294970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}