International Journal of Canadian Studies最新文献

{"title":"Introduction: Canada and the World in 25 Years—Will Anyone Be Listening?","authors":"Elizabeth Cobbett, R. Silvius","doi":"10.3138/IJCS.55.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/IJCS.55.01","url":null,"abstract":"If bold predictions are the preferred method for prognosticators and pundits, our contributors are decidedly more circumspect in offering a straightforward picture of how the world will receive Canada and Canadians in 25 years’ time. Nonetheless, the analytical and imaginative undertaking that we offer here is governed by the understanding that the global environment Canada faces at present and in the medium future is very different than that to which it was accustomed during the ‘‘long twentieth century.’’ It comes across very clearly from all contributors that not all regions of the globe will be ‘‘listening’’ or paying attention to Canada to the same degree as the world undergoes important political and economic shifts. This raises the question of whether countries around the world will need to listen to Canada in 25 years, the matter to which contributors to this special issue broach through a variety of arguments. While our predictions are tentative, and although our individual analyses focus on different components of the shifting world order of which Canada is a part, there is broad consensus that Canada’s foreign policy needs to speedily adjust to a profoundly different set of global circumstances. In excavating the present to better determine the various factors that have led to prevailing articulations of Canada’s international identity and conduct, our endeavour enables us to reimagine the past as much as envision the future.","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":"10 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46206221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for Canadian-Russian Engagements beyond Common-Sense Civilizations and Geopolitical Conflict","authors":"R. Silvius","doi":"10.3138/IJCS.55.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/IJCS.55.03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this article, I attempt to delineate some possibilities for Canadian engagements with Russia in 25 years' time via the prism of multipolarity in the global political economy (GPE). The term \"engagements\" is rendered in the plural form so as to entertain possibilities beyond present, seemingly intractable geopolitical tensions. I contend that we are in the midst of a complex restructuring of the GPE that will continue to resonate well into the future and that this restructuring will present a challenging environment in which Canadians might seek to articulate and realize their collective ideas and interests. One component of this is Russia's willingness to challenge Western liberal internationalism in the context of multipolarity. Nonetheless, I suggest that we \"decentre\" our notions of civilization and civilizational difference in order to imagine possible contours for Canadian engagements with Russia in 25 years' time.Résumé:L'auteur tente de définir, á travers leprisme de la multipolarité de I'économie politique mondiale (ÉPM), certaines des possibilités qui s'offriront au Canada dans 25 ans en ce qui a trait á ses engagements avec la Russie. II opte pour la forme plurielle du terme « engagements » afin de multiplier les possibilités envisagées au-delá des tensions géopolitiques actuelles en apparence insur-montables. L 'auteur affirme que nous nous trouvons au cœur d 'une restructuration complexe de l'ÉPM dont les répercussions se feront sentir loin dans I'avenir et qui créera un environnement exigeant pour les Canadiens qui chercheront á articuler et concretiser leurs idees et á poursuivre leurs intéréts collectifs. Un élément de ce tableau est la volonté de la Russie de remettre en question I'internationalisme libéral occidental dans le contexte de la multipolarite. Quoi qu 'il en soit, I 'auteur suggere que nous « decentrions » la notion que nous avons de la civilisation et des differences entre civilisations pour pouvoir imaginer le profil que pourraient emprunter les engagements canadiens avec la Russie dans 25 ans.","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":"21 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48023157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Celebration: A Critical Sociological Inquiry of Interracial Union Research in Canada","authors":"Katerina Deliovsky, Tamari Kitossa","doi":"10.3138/IJCS.56.2017-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/IJCS.56.2017-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Research in Canada has latched onto the explanation that the growth in interracial unions is both cause and consequence of progressive social change. The authors cast a skeptical eye on this regime of truth produced by positivistic statistical procedure and the speculative theory of social change as it connects to the state brand of tolerance. They offer a meta-theoretical critique that challenges the taken-for-granted assumption that the growth in interracial unions can be explained by multiculturalism, the presumed antiracist implications of these unions, and the supposed amorphousness that mixed-race children presumably embody. The authors seek to disrupt the mystification and commodification of interracial unions and the children of these unions as proxies for social change. Instead, they call for critically and historically informed qualitative and quantitative research that avoids deputizing interracial unions en masse as societal change agents. They call for other and more robust metrics for measuring the reduction of racism. Attendant to radically altering how interracial unions are imagined, it is necessary for theory and research practices to deeply engage with class, gender, race, sexuality, and asymmetries of power when examining the complex, contradictory, and joyous inner and outer life-worlds of interracial couples and families.Résumé:La recherche au Canada s'est enferrée dans l'explication selon laquelle la croissance des unions interraciales est à la fois la cause et la conséquence d'un changement social progressif. Les auteures accueillent avec scepticisme cette affirmation résultant de procédés statistiques positivistes et de la théorie spéculative du changement social, ramenant à l'image étatique de tolérance. Elles proposent une critique métathéorique qui remet en question l'hypothèse indiscutée selon laquelle la croissance des unions interraciales peut s'expliquer par le multiculturalisme, l'incidence antiraciste prétendue de ces unions, et l'indifférenciation supposée vraisemblablement associée aux enfants métissés. Les auteures cherchent à démystifier et démarchandiser les unions interraciales et les enfants issus de ces unions comme indicateurs de changement social. Elles réclament plutôt une recherche qualitative et quantitative éclairée sur les plans critique et historique qui se garde d'assimiler systématiquement les unions interraciales massives à des agents de changement sociétal. Elles réclament aussi des mesures différentes et plus robustes pour évaluer l'atténuation du racisme. Pour modifier radicalement la faç d'envisager les unions interraciales, il est indispensable que la théorie et les méthodes de recherche s'ancrent profondément dans la classe, le sexe, la race, la sexualité et les asymétries du pouvoir lorsque l'objet étudié est celui du monde intérieur et extérieur des couples interraciaux et de leurs familles, dans toute sa complexité, ses contradictions et sa sérénité.","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"115 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46654425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pauline Johnson's \"As It Was in the Beginning\" and Drew Hayden Taylor's The Night Wanderer: The Gothic Tradition in Canadian Indigenous Literature","authors":"C. Carpenter","doi":"10.3138/IJCS.56.2017-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/IJCS.56.2017-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this article, I comment on what the connection between Pauline Johnson's short story \"As It Was in the Beginning\" and Drew Hayden Taylor's novel The Night Wanderer indicates about the existence of the Gothic in Indigenous Canadian literature. Both texts, I argue, are anti-colonial projects that specifically figure female Indigenous rage as a direct result of colonialism. This decolonization is accomplished in both texts in terms of two specific plots: the gendering of Indigenous women's anger and a focus on olfaction that signals the character's unceasing attachment to a homeland.Résumé:L'auteure s'intéresse à ce que révèle le lien entre la nouvelle de Pauline Johnson « As It Was in the Beginning » et le roman de Drew Hayden Taylor The Night Wanderer au sujet de la présence du roman noir dans la littérature autochtone. Selon elle, ces deux textes affichent des velléités anticoloniales, mettant spécifiquement en scène la rage que le colonialisme provoque directement chez un personnage autochtone féminin. La décolonisation s'opère dans les deux textes par le truchement de deux éléments précis : le fait que la colère de personnages autochtones soit genrée et l'importance accordée au sens de l'odorat par lequel est signalé l'attachement indéfectible du personnage pour sa terre natale.","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"47 - 65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48367552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"English-Canadian Social Science, Humanities, and Law Academic Secondments during the Second World War and Their Contributions to Canadian External Affairs","authors":"Chris Hyland","doi":"10.3138/IJCS.56.2017-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/IJCS.56.2017-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this article, I examine how a select group of English-Canadian social science, humanities, and law academics made significant contributions to Canadian foreign policy and diplomacy during the Second World War. Leaving the confines of their universities to work in wartime Ottawa through a formal secondment process, an influential and yet heretofore unrecognized group of seconded academics became key administrators and diplomats working on behalf of the Canadian state in the sphere of external affairs. Aiding a federal civil service short on administrative talent, seconded academics staffed crucially important posts in the Department of External Affairs, Department of Finance, Wartime Prices and Trade Board, and Wartime Information Board. Although permanent officials handled most issues regarded as first rank, the academics analyzed in this article did the heavy lifting in the committees and preparatory deskwork, making strong contributions to those issues of second rank, including the formulation and refinement of Canadian foreign policy. Academics also became both official and unofficial diplomats representing the nation in diverse international fora. During the Second World War, the federal civil service did not have enough personnel to handle all the representational duties, and academics stepped in to fill an important void. Through their work in the international sphere, academics actively sought to forge a new Canadian identity and facilitate a process whereby Canada became less overtly British and more sovereign and independent.Résumé:L'auteur s'intéresse à la façon dont un petit groupe d'universitaires anglocanadiens, experts en sciences sociales, en lettres et en droit, ont largement contribué à la politique étrangère et à la diplomatie canadiennes au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Quittant les murs de leurs universités pour l'Ottawa de l'époque afin d'y travailler dans le cadre d'un projet officiel de détachement, les membres d'un groupe influent, bien qu'encore méconnu, d'universitaires détachés sont devenus d'importants gestionnaires et diplomates oeuvrant au nom de l'État canadien dans la sphère des affaires extérieures. Venant à la rescousse d'une fonction publique fédérale à court de compétences administratives, ces universitaires en détachement ont occupé des postes stratégiques au ministère des Affaires extérieures, au ministère des Finances, à la Commission des prix et du commerce en temps de guerre et à la Commission d'information en temps de guerre. Certes, les fonctionnaires permanents se chargeaient de la plupart des questions que l'on estimait de première importance, mais les universitaires auxquels l'auteur s'intéresse ici ont accompli le gros du travail au sein des comités et se sont acquittés de l'essentiel des tâches administratives préparatoires, apportant une solide contribution à ces questions d'ordre secondaire, notamment dans la formulation et le peaufinage de la politique étrangère canadienne. Ces","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"114 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42601590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Promise of Secularism for a Diverse Canada","authors":"Tanja Juric","doi":"10.3138/IJCS.56.2017-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/IJCS.56.2017-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The aims and ideals of secularism have increasingly come under scrutiny with the critique that it is underpinned by Christo-normative and colonial assumptions and is therefore inherently inappropriate to represent and govern the needs of a culturally diverse society. This article examines these critiques and responds by suggesting that secularism needs to be rethought and infused with a critical and practical sensibility that aims for inclusivity and engagement instead of neutrality, because aiming at neutrality has often involved ignoring or dismissing religion. What is presented in this article is an argument for a practical form of secularism, one that seeks validity through application and testing, so that it would be better equipped to represent and protect the identity and rights of individuals from a variety of religious backgrounds than an abstract version of secularism, which purports to be neutral yet remains unvetted in this regard.Résumé:De plus en plus, les buts et les idéaux de la laїcité sont scrutés de près et font l'objet de critiques selon lesquelles ils reposent sur des postulats christonormatifs et coloniaux et sont donc par essence inadaptés à la représentation et la régulation des besoins d'une société culturellement diversifiée. L'auteure se penche sur ces critiques et y répond en suggérant que la laїcité soit repensée et imprégnée d'une sensibilité critique et pratique visant l'inclusion et la participation plutôt que la neutralité, puisque l'objectif de neutralité suppose invariablement l'abstraction ou le rejet de la religion. L'auteure plaide pour une forme pratique de laїcité, validée par l'application et la mise à l'épreuve, de sorte qu'elle soit mieux à même de représenter et de protéger l'identité et les droits des personnes issues de milieux religieux divers qu'une version abstraite de la laїcité, qui se veut neutre mais dont la neutralité demeure discutable.","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47630607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Art Hotels and Gentrification: A Comparative Analysis of Toronto and London, Ontario","authors":"Michelle Veitch","doi":"10.3138/IJCS.56.2017-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/IJCS.56.2017-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article uses critical geography and cultural studies theories to examine the conversion of three low-income residential hotels into art hotels: the Embassy Hotel in London, Ontario, and the Cameron House and the Gladstone Hotel, both in Toronto. Situating these establishments in the context of culture-led regeneration, I describe the different stages of economic decline and prosperity in the surrounding districts. I develop current literature by analyzing the social and class inequities underlying art-based rebuilding projects that have driven up property values and displaced the urban poor. I suggest that in all three cases the cultural readaptation of the hotels formed part of commercial development and perpetuated the attendant disparities underlying regeneration schemes. However, the proprietors also supported art collectives that engaged in critical cultural practices by reclaiming public city spaces as sites of discord and dissent. In assessing exhibitions and performances, I examine the conflicts and tensions surrounding creative initiatives that both enfranchised and disenfranchised neighbourhood communities. It is precisely the paradoxical workings of art-led revitalization that define the cultural and political histories of hotel redevelopment projects in downtown cores.Résumé:L'auteure examine, dans la perspective des théories que mettent de l'avant les études critiques en géographie et sur la culture, la conversion en hôtelsgaleries de trois hôtels résidentiels pour personnes à revenu modeste : l'hôtel Embassy à London (Ontario) et les hôtels Cameron House et Gladstone tous deux à Toronto. Situant ces établissements dans le contexte de la régénération à travers la culture, l'auteure décrit les différentes phases du déclin et de la prospérité économiques des quartiers environnants. Elle approfondit la documentation existante en analysant les inégalités sociales et les disparités de classe sous-jacentes aux projets de reconstruction d'inspiration artistique qui ont entraîné à la hausse la valeur des biens immobiliers et déplacé la pauvreté urbaine. Selon l'auteure, dans les trois cas étudiés, la réintégration culturelle des hôtels s'inscrivait dans un projet de développement commercial et perpétuait les disparités présentes, sous-jacentes aux plans de régénération. Toutefois, les propriétaires soutenaient aussi les collectifs artistiques engagés dans des pratiques culturelles critiques de récupération des espaces publics urbains comme lieux d'expression d'opposition et de dissidence. Dans son évaluation des expositions et des manifestations, l'auteure examine les conflits et les tensions entourant les projets créatifs qui, à la fois, émancipent et asservissent les communautés du voisinage. Ce sont précisément les mécanismes paradoxaux de la revitalisation à travers la culture qui définissent l'historique culturel et politique des projets de réaménagement d'hôtels dans les centres-villes.","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"17 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3138/IJCS.56.2017-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47534620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Opportunities and Challenges of Information and Communication Technology and Digital Media Research in Canadian Francophone Studies","authors":"Miché Thompson","doi":"10.3138/IJCS.56.2017-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/IJCS.56.2017-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article reviews and brings together literature from francophone studies on identity across several disciplines (sociology, geography, history, political economy) with that on information and communication technologies (ICTs). The article revisits established scholarship on minority francophones to address the collective shift in understanding membership in these fragmented communities since the rise of the Internet. The analysis brings to light the need to address topics such as geographic mobility and ethnic diversity among francophones. The literature is deconstructed to identify gaps in existing theories and consider minority francophones from an information society perspective. The article makes clear the challenges and opportunities of looking at new concepts such as ICTs, virtual identity, and geographic mobility.Résumé:L'auteure passe en revue et rassemble la documentation contenue dans les études francophones portant sur l'identité, issues de plusieurs disciplines—sociologie, géographie, histoire, économie politique—, et sur les technologies de l'information et de la communication. Elle réexamine les théories établies relatives aux minorités francophones, dans le but d'explorer le virage collectif dans la compréhension des membres de ces collectivités fragmentées depuis l'essor d'Internet. L'analyse met en lumière la nécessité d'aborder des sujets tels que la mobilité géographique et la diversité ethnique des francophones. Le dépouillement de ces études permet de relever les lacunes des théories existantes et d'appréhender les minorités francophones à travers le prisme de la société de l'information. L'auteure montre clairement les difficultés que soulève la recherche de nouveaux concepts—comme les technologies de l'information et de la communication, l'identité virtuelle et la mobilité géographique—et les possibilités qu'elle offre.","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"56 1","pages":"67 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45637631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Go Ask Alice: The Progress of Munro Criticism Robert Thacker","authors":"R. Thacker","doi":"10.3138/JCS.26.2.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/JCS.26.2.156","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91364087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the Themes in the New Brunswick Voting Behaviour Literature: An Analysis of the 2014 Provincial Election Study","authors":"Joanna Everitt, J. Sanford","doi":"10.3138/IJCS.53.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/IJCS.53.25","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines voting behaviour and support for the Liberal and Progressive Conservative parties in New Brunswick. Using a logistic regression analysis, a block recursive model, and data from the 2014 New Brunswick Provincial Election Survey, we empirically tested common beliefs about party support in this province. We conclude that unlike arguments found in the literature, these two parties drew their support from very different groups of individuals who have distinct values and beliefs underpinning their voting decisions.Résumé:Cet article se penche sur le vote et le soutien exprimés aux partis libéral et progressiste-conservateur du Nouveau-Brunswick.À partir d’une analyse de régression logistique, selon un modèle de type bloc récursif, et de données tirées des suffrages de l’élection provinciale de 2014 au Nouveau-Brunswick, nous avons testé de façon empirique des opinions répandues concernant le soutien aux partis politiques dans cette province. Nous en concluons que contrairement aux argumentaires généralement présentés, ces deux partis tirent leurs appuis de groupes d’électeurs très différents dont le vote repose sur des valeurs et des convictions distinctes.","PeriodicalId":29739,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Canadian Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":"25 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69315946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}