{"title":"Letter to the editor: “The association between Sugar Sweetened Beverages and glycemic profile among children and youth: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis”","authors":"Saraswati Sah , Renu Sah","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200459","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 200459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Usefulness of the AHEAD score for prediction of all-cause death in patients with acute and chronic coronary syndromes","authors":"Shunsuke Tamaki , Akinori Higaki , Hiroshi Kawakami , Kazuhisa Nishimura , Katsuji Inoue , Shuntaro Ikeda , Osamu Yamaguchi , Naoyuki Akashi , Tetsuya Matoba , Takahide Kohro , Tomoyuki Kabutoya , Kazuomi Kario , Arihiro Kiyosue , Masaharu Nakayama , Yoshihiro Miyamoto , Kenichi Tsujita , Hideo Fujita , Ryozo Nagai","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The AHEAD (A: atrial fibrillation; H: hemoglobin; E: elderly; A: abnormal renal parameters; D: diabetes mellitus) score was developed to predict all-cause death (ACD) in patients with heart failure. However, its predictive value for ACD compared to the CHADS<sub>2</sub> score in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective multicenter cohort study analyzed data of the patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for acute (ACS) or chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) using the Clinical Deep Data Accumulation System (CLIDAS) database. The AHEAD score was calculated by assigning 1 point each for atrial fibrillation, anemia, age >70 years, elevated creatinine levels (>130 μmol/L), and diabetes mellitus.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 9033 patients were enrolled between April 2013 and March 2019. Cox multivariate analysis revealed that both the AHEAD and CHADS<sub>2</sub> scores were independently associated with ACD in patients with ACS and CCS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91 [95 % CI, 1.70–2.14] for ACS and 1.72 [1.54–1.92] for CCS, and HR 1.17 [1.06–1.29] for ACS and 1.18 [1.08–1.29] for CCS, respectively). However, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the AHEAD score had a significantly higher predictive value for ACD compared to the CHADS<sub>2</sub> score in both ACS and CCS. A significant difference was found in the rate of ACD among patients stratified by the AHEAD score in both groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The AHEAD score demonstrated superior predictive value for ACD compared to the CHADS<sub>2</sub> score in patients with CAD, regardless of whether they had ACS or CCS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 200457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nga Thi Ngoc Pham , Lien Nguyen Thao Tran , Cang Huynh Trung , Hoang Minh Phan , Dung The Bui , Chau Minh Tran , Thuc Tri Nguyen , Phuong Minh Nguyen , An Viet Tran
{"title":"Prognostic value of RS1333040 polymorphism in the ANRIL gene for coronary artery lesions and cardiovascular events in acute myocardial infarction patients","authors":"Nga Thi Ngoc Pham , Lien Nguyen Thao Tran , Cang Huynh Trung , Hoang Minh Phan , Dung The Bui , Chau Minh Tran , Thuc Tri Nguyen , Phuong Minh Nguyen , An Viet Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The <em>ANRIL</em> gene is involved in atherosclerotic processes and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) initiation. The <em>rs1333040</em> polymorphism shows potential association with coronary artery lesions and cardiovascular events in AMI patients, though data remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To determine the prognostic value of the <em>rs1333040 ANRIL</em> gene polymorphism for coronary artery lesions and cardiovascular events in AMI patients.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional descriptive study with longitudinal follow-up, conducted at the Interventional Cardiology Department of Can Tho Central General Hospital from October 2022 to June 2024. AMI patients underwent clinical examination, genetic sequencing, and cardiovascular event monitoring.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among 150 patients (mean age 63.8 ± 10.3 years, 70.7 % male), genotype distribution showed TT as the most prevalent (55.3 %), TC (38.7 %), and CC (6.0 %). Diabetes mellitus was more prevalent in the TT genotype (28.9 %) versus TC (12.1 %) and CC (11.1 %). Severe coronary artery lesions were more common in TT genotype patients (65.7 % vs. 45.4 %; p < 0.05), with the T allele identified as a risk allele (OR = 2.22; 95 % CI: 1.29–3.81; p < 0.05). Multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) was also more frequent in TT genotype patients (59.8 % vs. 49.2 %; p < 0.05). At the 9-month follow-up, event rates were: mortality 4.0 %, stroke 0.7 %, HF hospitalization 6.0 %, and MACE 10.7 %. Independent predictors for MACE initiation included age (HR = 1.05), diabetes (HR = 2.98), TT genotype (HR = 3.63), and T allele (HR = 3.39).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>AMI patients with the T allele of the <em>rs1333040 ANRIL</em> gene show more severe coronary lesions, higher multi-vessel disease risk, and poorer prognosis with increased MACE event probability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 200458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bin Li, HuiQian Yang, XiaoXu Lv, Xu Guo, FengLei Xu, XiaoMing Li
{"title":"Risk assessment and prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: A narrative review","authors":"Bin Li, HuiQian Yang, XiaoXu Lv, Xu Guo, FengLei Xu, XiaoMing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study objectives</h3><div>Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a causative agent of a wide range of chronic diseases, and its target organ damage is characterized by cardiovascular complications that are most common and severe. The primary objective of long-term intervention for OSAS is not only to correct the sleep architecture and reduce the incidence of hypoxemia, but also to alleviate the cardiovascular system's burden, decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease, and enhance patients' quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search of PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar was conducted from January 1, 2019, to May 30, 2024. A comprehensive narrative review of studies related to the impact of OSAS on cardiovascular events in the last five years was also conducted. This includes an overview of the incidence, physiologic mechanisms, risk indicators, and interventions for OSAS and various cardiovascular diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Recent literature and studies have shown that there is a significant correlation between the prevalence of OSAS and the risk of cardiovascular disease, and that some unique dynamic factors such as shift work disorders play an important role in the assessment of the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with OSAS; however, new diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies need to be further researched and developed to better meet the needs of clinical management.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A comprehensive assessment of the cardiovascular risk associated with OSAS, utilizing the necessary screening tools and targeted interventions, including the application of drugs, surgery, CPAP, or lifestyle modifications, can effectively reduce or even prevent damage to its target organs. The main goal of long-term intervention for OSAS is not only to correct the sleep architecture and reduce the occurrence of hypoxemia, but also to reduce the burden on the cardiovascular system, reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, and improve the quality of life of patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 200455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahlam Safdar Hussain , Sumantra Kumar De , Griff Chatwin , Maryam Shahzad , Eeshal Zulfiqar , Vaisnavy Govindasamy , Megha Goel , Muhammad Muneeb Arshad , Mohib Naseer , Syed Rizwan Bokhari , Muhammad Atif Rauf , Sundas Hasan , Mushood Ahmed , Raheel Ahmed
{"title":"Regional and demographic variations in diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction mortality among US adults: A retrospective observational analysis from 1999 to 2023","authors":"Ahlam Safdar Hussain , Sumantra Kumar De , Griff Chatwin , Maryam Shahzad , Eeshal Zulfiqar , Vaisnavy Govindasamy , Megha Goel , Muhammad Muneeb Arshad , Mohib Naseer , Syed Rizwan Bokhari , Muhammad Atif Rauf , Sundas Hasan , Mushood Ahmed , Raheel Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at an increased risk of having myocardial infarction (MI). We aim to identify the trends in the mortality rates from DM and MI among US adults stratified by demographic and geographical parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The CDC-WONDER database was used to extract death certificate data for adults aged ≥25 years. Crude mortality rates (CMR) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 persons were calculated, and temporal trends were identified by calculating annual percent change (APC) using JoinPoint regression analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 1999 to 2023, a total of 712,921 DM and MI-related deaths were reported among adults in the United States. The AAMR significantly declined from 18.99 in 1999 to 10.20 in 2018 Following this, the AAMR rose to 12.27 in 2021, with an APC of 7.2 (95 % CI: 4.7 to 8.9). This was followed by a decline in AAMR to the pre-pandemic levels (AAMR: 9.6 in 2023). The AAMR for males was considerably higher compared to women throughout the study period (16.5 vs. 10.2). Non-Hispanic Black or African American people had the highest AAMR (19.5), followed by Hispanic or Latino people (15.3), NH white people (12.5), and NH other populations (11.2). Southern region and rural areas experienced higher mortality rates compared to urban areas.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We observed decreasing trends in DM and myocardial infarction-related deaths throughout the study period, however, a surge was noted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mortality is higher among men, NH black populations, and rural areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 200456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The association between sugars sweetened beverages and glycemic profile among children and youth: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","authors":"Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi , Zeinab Nikniaz , Seyedeh-Tarlan Mirzohreh , Leila Nikniaz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the effects of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSBs) consumption on fasting serum insulin (FSI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and HOMA-IR levels among children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to March 2025. Observational studies reporting the connection of SSBs consumption with FPG, FSI, and HOMA-IR levels were included. STATA version 15 was used to analyze the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>11 studies with 22,713 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Greater intake of SSBs was not significantly linked to higher fasting plasma glucose (WMD: 0.01; CI -0.04 –0.07; P = 0.63) and fasting serum insulin levels (WMD: 0.54; 95 % CI, −0.4, 1.49; P = 0.26). However, high SSBs consumption was significantly associated with a 0.21 increase in HOMA-IR in adolescents and children (WMD: 0.21; CI, 0.03–0.37; P = 0.02). In dose-response meta-analysis, no departure from linearity was detected between SSBs intake and changes in FPG, FSI, and HOMA-IR levels.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>High SSBs intake was linked to increased HOMA-IR levels among adolescents and children. Further extensive prospective long-term interventions are suggested to confirm the detected associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 200453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harnessing artificial intelligence for early prediction of cardiogenic shock and mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients","authors":"John Patrick C. Toledo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200448","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 200448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144335737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zejun Yang , Yunting Liang , Liu He , Le Zhou , Xiaodong Peng , Yiwei Lai , Cong Yuan , Xiaoxia Liu , Ning Zhou , Weihua Zhang , Caihua Sang , Qian Tong , Xin Du , Jianzeng Dong , Changsheng Ma
{"title":"Walking as a viable alternative to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for improving cardiovascular outcomes in coronary artery disease patients","authors":"Zejun Yang , Yunting Liang , Liu He , Le Zhou , Xiaodong Peng , Yiwei Lai , Cong Yuan , Xiaoxia Liu , Ning Zhou , Weihua Zhang , Caihua Sang , Qian Tong , Xin Du , Jianzeng Dong , Changsheng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Home-based cardiac rehabilitation is recommended for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, while exercise is the most important component. There is lack of evidence on whether walking alone can improve cardiovascular prognosis in CAD patients, particularly those unable to tolerate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants with diagnosed CAD from the UK Biobank with baseline PA assessment were included. PA data, including total PA, MVPA, and walking, were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and expressed as the total metabolic equivalent of tasks minutes per week. We accessed the association between PA and cardiovascular composite outcome (cardiac death, heart failure hospitalization, non-fatal myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting) and all-cause mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Over a median follow-up of 13.5 years, incidence of all-cause mortality (21.6, 16.7, 15.9, 15.6 per 1000 person-years) and cardiovascular composite events (20.6, 17.8, 17.8, 17.2 per 1000 person-years) decreased with increasing time of total PA in 19,074 patients. Notably, for patients who did not meet AHA/ESC/WHO recommendations, achieving an adequate amount of walking (100 min/week) reduced risk of cardiovascular composite outcome (HR = 0.84, 95 %CI [0.71–0.99], p = 0.038) and all-cause mortality (HR = 0.84, 95 %CI [0.77–0.91], p < 0.001). In patients with lower levels of PA, replacing 30 min per day of sedentary behavior with walking or MVPA reduced all-cause mortality risk.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this large cohort, prolonged exercise duration, including total PA, MVPA and walking, may reduce the cardiovascular risks for CAD patients. For patients unable to tolerate MVPA, walking may serve as a suitable alternative.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 200452"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Agam , David Vadsholt , Kristian Kragholm , Lauge Klement Moltke Østergaard , Peter Bisgaard Stæhr , Gitte Nielsen , Henrik Vadmann
{"title":"Association between cardiac rehabilitation and LDL-levels, adherence to guideline-recommended medication and mortality rate after myocardial infarction","authors":"Ahmad Agam , David Vadsholt , Kristian Kragholm , Lauge Klement Moltke Østergaard , Peter Bisgaard Stæhr , Gitte Nielsen , Henrik Vadmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aims to identify three-month and one year mortality rate, LDL level and adherence to guideline-recommended medication in patients with myocardial infarct (MI) receiving cardiac rehabilitation (CR) compared to patients who do not.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In this retrospective study, patients hospitalized in North Denmark Regional Hospital in Hjoerring (capture population 200.000) with acute coronary syndrome between January 1st, 2017, to December 31st, 2021, were included. Baseline characteristics, initial treatment of revascularization and all-cause mortality were examined through the Danish National Patient Registry, the Regional Cardiac Rehabilitation Database, and medical chart review. Patients were grouped by revascularization (yes/no) during hospitalization and CR. Adjusted Cox proportional regression model was used to assess differences in mortality and LDL levels.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1209 myocardial infarction (MI) survivors were included in this study. A total of 1209 myocardial infarction (MI) survivors were included. Significant LDL reductions at 6- and 12-month follow-ups were observed in patients receiving both cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and lipid-modifying therapy at baseline (p = .001), but not in those without CR. In revascularized patients, use of multiple antithrombotic agents was lower in the no CR group at three months (57.1 % vs 78.8 %, p = .002) and one year (60 % vs 78.5 %, p = .010). Three-month mortality rate was higher among patients who did not undergo CR, both in the revascularization group (19 % vs 2 %, p = 0.001) and the non-revascularization group (18 % vs 3 %, p = 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Patients undergoing CR were associated with lower LDL-levels, higher adherence to guideline-recommended medication and lower mortality rate at three-month follow-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 200444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From popularity to peril? Evaluating cardiovascular risks of low-carbohydrate high-fat diets across diverse populations","authors":"Jose Eric M. Lacsa","doi":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200447","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29726,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 200447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}