{"title":"Power modeling and characterization of Graphene-based logic gates","authors":"S. Miryala, A. Calimera, E. Macii, M. Poncino","doi":"10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662177","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of CMOS technology approaching its physical limits and of the semiconductor market has started asking for materials that are able to implement new smarter devices, Graphene and composites are emerging as potential replacements for Silicon. Unlike true semiconductors, however, Graphene shows a zero-gap energy band structure that could potentially limit its use in digital applications. Nevertheless, recent works have proven the possibility of implementing electrostatically controlled pn-junctions which serve as a basic primitive for a new class of digital logic gates. These gates naturally behave as a 2-to-1 multiplexer in which the polarity of the input select line can be dynamically reconfigured: the Reconfigurable Graphene MUltipleXer (RG-MUX). Interconnection of multiple RG-MUXs with proper assignments of the inputs signals allow to implement all the basic Boolean logic functions. In this work we investigate the electrical properties of RG-MUXs. More specifically, we introduce a power consumption model that could be used in future design and optimization tools for digital circuits. Characterization data obtained through SPICE-level simulations of a RG-MUX are collected and used to validate the model.","PeriodicalId":287176,"journal":{"name":"2013 23rd International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (PATMOS)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124333417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metastability characterization for muller C-elements","authors":"T. Polzer, A. Steininger","doi":"10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662170","url":null,"abstract":"We1 present an approach for experimental metasta-bility characterization of Muller C-elements. It is based on the late transition detection scheme known from flip flop characterization. Substantial additional challenges arise from the facts that with the Muller C-element the input transition to use as a reference for the output delay may change from case to case, and the error flags of the detector need to be reliably synchronized into the other timing domain. Our solution strategy involves taking measurements concurrently and sorting out irrelevant results later on. This is done based on detailed information about type and relative position of input transitions as well as type and polarity of the output transition, for the collection of all of which we propose efficient means. An example study on an FPGA platform proves the applicability and correct operation of our approach.","PeriodicalId":287176,"journal":{"name":"2013 23rd International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (PATMOS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129812861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive routing and Dynamic Frequency Scaling for NoC power-performance optimizations","authors":"Davide Zoni, J. Flich, W. Fornaciari","doi":"10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662179","url":null,"abstract":"On-chip networks (NoCs) promise to become an efficient communication infrastructure for multi-core architectures. However, there is still a need for efficient power-performance methodologies, since the interconnect power-envelope is really slim and cannot be neglected. Indeed, new power-aware design explorations in current and future multicore systems are needed. The possibility to use different router microarchitectural options and different routing algorithms to increase performance, combined with standard power-aware mechanisms, i.e. DVFS and Power Gating techniques, provides a huge design space to be explored. In this perspective, this paper presents a comparative analysis of different NoC routing algorithms combined with Dynamic Frequency Scaling (DFS).","PeriodicalId":287176,"journal":{"name":"2013 23rd International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (PATMOS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129914247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathaniel A. Conos, Saro Meguerdichian, Sheng Wei, M. Potkonjak
{"title":"Maximizing yield in Near-Threshold Computing under the presence of process variation","authors":"Nathaniel A. Conos, Saro Meguerdichian, Sheng Wei, M. Potkonjak","doi":"10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662148","url":null,"abstract":"Near-Threshold Computing (NTC) shows potential to provide significant energy efficiency improvements as it alleviates the impact of leakage in modern deep sub-micron CMOS technology. As the gap between supply and threshold voltage shrink, however, the energy efficiency gains come at the cost of device performance variability. Thus, adopting near-threshold in modern CAD flows requires careful consideration when addressing commonly targeted objectives. We propose a process variation-aware near-threshold voltage (PV-Nvt) gate sizing framework for minimizing power subject to performance yield constraints. We evaluate our approach using an industrial-flow on a set of modern benchmarks. Our results show our method achieves significant improvement in leakage power, while meeting performance yield targets, over a state-of-the-art method that does not consider near-threshold computing.","PeriodicalId":287176,"journal":{"name":"2013 23rd International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (PATMOS)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128557649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alex A. Birklykke, P. Koch, R. Prasad, Lars K. Alminde, Y. Moullec
{"title":"Empirical verification of fault models for FPGAs operating in the subcritical voltage region","authors":"Alex A. Birklykke, P. Koch, R. Prasad, Lars K. Alminde, Y. Moullec","doi":"10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662150","url":null,"abstract":"We present a rigorous empirical study of the bit-level error behavior of field programmable gate arrays operating in the subcricital voltage region. This region is of significant interest as voltage-scaling under normal circumstances is halted by the first occurrence of errors. However, accurate fault models might provide insight that would allow subcritical scaling by changing digital design practices or by simply accepting errors if possible. To facilitate further work in this direction, we present probabilistic error models that allow us to link error behavior with statistical properties of the binary signals, and based on a two-FPGA setup we experimentally verify the correctness of candidate models. For all experiments, the observed error rates exhibit a polynomial dependency on outcome probability of the binary inputs, which corresponds to the behavior predicted by the proposed timing error model. Furthermore, our results show that the fault mechanism is fully deterministic - mimicking temporary stuck-at errors. As a result, given knowledge about a given signal, errors are fully predictable in the subcritical voltage region.","PeriodicalId":287176,"journal":{"name":"2013 23rd International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (PATMOS)","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125207773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Massimo Petricca, Donghwa Shin, Alberto Bocca, A. Macii, E. Macii, M. Poncino
{"title":"A framework with temperature-aware accuracy levels for battery modeling from datasheets","authors":"Massimo Petricca, Donghwa Shin, Alberto Bocca, A. Macii, E. Macii, M. Poncino","doi":"10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662189","url":null,"abstract":"Many solutions for battery modeling have been proposed in the literature; they usually rely on the definition of a generic model template (e.g., a circuit equivalent), which is then populated using data obtained from direct measurements on actual devices. This approach incurs in high costs (for the instrumentation) and long characterization times. In this work we present a modeling framework that is an extension of [1], and which allows to automatically build battery models using only data reported in the battery datasheets, without requiring any measurement. Specifically, we extend the existing methodology by including temperature dependence in the battery behavior. The flexibility and the accuracy of the proposed strategy are demonstrated on some sample batteries that provide temperature-dependent information in their datasheets.","PeriodicalId":287176,"journal":{"name":"2013 23rd International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (PATMOS)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128390880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Vonbun, Stefan Wallentowitz, M. Feilen, W. Stechele, A. Herkersdorf
{"title":"Evaluation of hop count advantages of network-coded 2D-mesh NoCs","authors":"Michael Vonbun, Stefan Wallentowitz, M. Feilen, W. Stechele, A. Herkersdorf","doi":"10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662166","url":null,"abstract":"Network-on-Chip (NoC) have become favorable for on-chip communication, especially with the ever rising number of communication partners in future manycore system-on-chip. NoCs that are based on mesh topologies with dimension-routing are well-established as they scale well with the increasing number of communication partners and allow efficient router design. To be able to serve application demands with efficiency, sophisticated features such as multicasting become an increasingly important factor in future NoC-based systems. The 2D-mesh/dimension-routing combination, however, suffers from performance degradation especially in the case of multicast communication as the network infrastructure is utilized suboptimally. Approaching this problem, we investigate the potential of network-coded Network-on-Chip (ncNoC) compared to classical 2D-mesh/dimension-routing NoCs. We adapt a high level evaluation method to compute the minimum hop count equivalent using network coding which enables us to compare network-coded and dimension-routed hop count cost. Within this environment we can demonstrate the full potential of network coding for both the butterfly and generalized multicast connection settings. We can show that network coding is never outperformed by dimension-routing in terms of required hop counts and, more important, identify multi-source scenarios with only a limited number of sinks per source to be the most advantageous connection settings for coded NoCs.","PeriodicalId":287176,"journal":{"name":"2013 23rd International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (PATMOS)","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127342954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Sassone, Massimo Petricca, M. Poncino, E. Macii
{"title":"A fully standard-cell delay measurement circuit for timing variability detection","authors":"Alessandro Sassone, Massimo Petricca, M. Poncino, E. Macii","doi":"10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662181","url":null,"abstract":"With the scaling of CMOS technology, critical paths in digital circuits have become largely sensitive to process, voltage and temperature variations as well as to aging effects, generally resulting into a mismatch between the simulated path delay of the circuit obtained with CAD tools and the actual path delay on the manufactured chip. In order to solve this issue and to also avoid conservative strategies based on increasing time margins, adaptive techniques are the most desirable solution because they should automatically sense and correct timing variations online. Implementing such adaptive strategies requires accurate, high resolution and compact delay measurement devices. In this work we propose an effective, fully-digital, online delay measurement circuit that can be entirely implemented in a standard cell technology without the need of custom elements. Our design provides low-cost multi-paths delay monitoring while achieving high accuracy of the measurements (in the order of 30ps).","PeriodicalId":287176,"journal":{"name":"2013 23rd International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (PATMOS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128291612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniele Bortolotti, D. Rossi, Andrea Bartolini, L. Benini
{"title":"A variation tolerant architecture for ultra low power multi-processor cluster","authors":"Daniele Bortolotti, D. Rossi, Andrea Bartolini, L. Benini","doi":"10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662152","url":null,"abstract":"Process and environmental temperature variations have a detrimental effect on performance and reliability of modern embedded systems. This sensitivity to operating conditions significantly increases in ultra-low-power (ULP) devices and in all those applications that rely on reduced supply voltage to achieve energy efficiency. We propose a lightweight runtime solution to tolerate process and environmental temperature variations. The novelty of our solution is the ability to tackle both hold time and setup time sensitivity to variations by dynamically adapting latencies of the datapaths without compromising execution correctness. We extensively tested our solution evaluating the trade-offs, demonstrating the cost, performance, reliability gain compared to state-of-the-art static solutions. The proposed solution is able to reach a performance gain up to 30% with a very low (≈ 4%) area overhead.","PeriodicalId":287176,"journal":{"name":"2013 23rd International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (PATMOS)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114871956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. P. Bastos, F. Sill, J. Dutertre, M. Flottes, G. D. Natale, B. Rouzeyre
{"title":"A single built-in sensor to check pull-up and pull-down CMOS networks against transient faults","authors":"R. P. Bastos, F. Sill, J. Dutertre, M. Flottes, G. D. Natale, B. Rouzeyre","doi":"10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PATMOS.2013.6662169","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a novel built-in current sensor for detecting transient faults of short and long duration as well as multiple faults in combinational and sequential logic. Unlike prior similar strategies, which are formed by pairs of PMOS and NMOS sensors, the proposed scheme is a single sensor connected to PMOS and NMOS bulks of the monitored logic. In comparison with existing transient-fault mitigation techniques, the paper presents very competitive results that indicate no performance penalty, and overheads of only 26 % in power consumption and 23 % in area.","PeriodicalId":287176,"journal":{"name":"2013 23rd International Workshop on Power and Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation (PATMOS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133046566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}