TSBS Bildiriler Dergisi最新文献

{"title":"Two Different Perspectives on the Karbala Incident Towards the Umayyad State: Ibn al-Athīr and Julius Wellhausen","authors":"Büşra Dinçsoy","doi":"10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.409","url":null,"abstract":"The Umayyads, an Arab-Islamic state founded by Muʿāwiyah ibn Abi Sufyan and centered in Damascus, ruled for approximately 90 years and represent a significant period in Islamic history marked by various firsts. At the top of the firsts experienced in this period are, notable events include the capture of the caliphate through armed force, it’s later transformation into a sultanate, extensive exploitation of religion, the pursuit of a policy that marginalized mawali figures and members of the Prophet's family (Ahl al-Bayt), un-Islamic behaviors like alcohol consumption exhibited by some caliphs like Yazīd I, and the occurrence of events like the tragedy of Karbala. This study focuses on how the Karbala incident, which had an enduring impact to the present day, was evaluated by early Islamic historians like Ibn al-Athīr and Orientalist scholars like Wellhausen during the Umayyad period. The aim is to reveal the perception of the Umayyad state of Ibn al-Athīr, one of the Islamic Historians who are accepted as authority over the Karbala event, and Wellhausen, one of the leading Orientalists. Two different sources were used in the context of the literature review method while researching our subject, about which no study has been done. The first of these sources is Ibn al-Athīr's al-Kāmil fī al-tārīkh, and the second is Julius Wellhausen's Arab State and Silence. In the context of our study, the following main points have been identified: Ibn al-Athīr, who had a significant influence on many historians in Islamic history and played a role in the formation of a negative perception of the Umayyads, provides information about the Karbala conflict that indicates a specific policy of the Umayyads towards Karbala and a general opposition towards the Umayyad rule. For example, he provides information about Yazīd I, with a stick in his hand, played with the severed head of Husayn, and the teeth in his mouth. He does not find sincere the Yazīd I's words and stance that he feels sorry for Husayn, who died in Karbala, and that he blames the governor of Kūfah for this massacre. Ibn al-Athīr indirectly explains that the main reason for the Karbala conflict was the power struggle and that the Umayyad administration killed Husayn and his relatives to maintain their power. In short, he shows that he has a negative Umayyad perception of the information and narrations he preferred about the Karbala event and the information he received in his work. The famous orientalist Wellhausen, on the other hand, looks at the Karbala conflict from a political rather than a religious perspective and reveals that he has a different Umayyad perception depending on this point of view. According to him, Karbala was a political struggle between Husayn and the Umayyads. It was natural for one side to be defeated in the political battle. Despite all the warnings, Husayn's march to Kūfah and his attempt to act together with the people of Kūfah was actually an attempt to overthrow the curre","PeriodicalId":286866,"journal":{"name":"TSBS Bildiriler Dergisi","volume":"2 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132278227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis on the Nature of Morality and Its Social Projections in Durkheim's Sociology","authors":"Yunus Polat","doi":"10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.524","url":null,"abstract":"Durkheim, one of the pioneering representatives of the sociological tradition, placed religion and morality at the center of his studies throughout his professional life. Therefore, it would not be wrong to call Durkheim's sociology the sociology of morality. It is important to examine Durkheim's intense interest in morality, his purpose, and implications in order to understand his understanding of morality and his relationship with sociology. Also, this study has not remained indifferent to this interest, and has made it the subject of analyzing the theoretical and practical dimensions of his understanding of morality. Durkheim could not control but focus on the issue of religion. Because morality, which has an important place in the field of social regulations and is one of the key concepts of Durkheim's sociology, largely depends on the reference of religion and is positioned parallel to religion. To understanding Durkheim's sociology does not seem possible without understanding the value he gives to subject of the morality. Durkheim examined an abstract issue such as morality and made it the subject of sociology, which is a modern discipline. On the one hand, Durkheim was influenced by Kant's rational morality, which was free from theological considerations, and on the other hand, he adopted Aristotle's 'ethics', which he called a practical science based on action. The importance of this the study is that Durkheim's theoretical and practical evaluation of the issue of morality is analyzed on the basis of the social reflections of morality and its relationship with religion and society. Durkheim's most characteristic contribution to the sociology of religion is his acceptance of religion as the most important social phenomenon in terms of its effect on collective consciousness and its relation to morality, and his view of society as the basis of social phenomena. According to him, among social phenomena, morality is a social reality, and this reality is not the reality of abstract theories and ideas, but the reality of morality in action. This study aims to analyze the nature of morality in Durkheim's sociology, its necessity, source, continuity, reality, validity, and social manifestations. Moreover, it is aimed to make evaluations and analysis about his sociology and moral understanding as a result of this examination. Within the scope of this study, all of Durkheim's books on morality, which are the accessible in Turkish and English books, especially were examined. The study is presented within the framework of a comparative method by considering the causality and cause-effect relationship between concepts and phenomena. Durkheim, one of the pioneers of the positivist understanding in sociology, is in favor of a rational and secular morality. He struggled to free morality from the dominance of religion and made it the tool of sociology to give it freedom and adapt it to its own age. He turned a phenomenon with abstract, subjective metaphysi","PeriodicalId":286866,"journal":{"name":"TSBS Bildiriler Dergisi","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117016169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personal Data Privacy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Hüseyin Ensari Eryılmaz","doi":"10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.539","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the relationship between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and personal data privacy. Artificial Intelligence which emerged in the 1950s with Alan Turing's question \"Can Machines Think?\" has achieved significant successes in recent years, particularly in the development of human-like machine designs. The advancement of AI is closely related to the collection of big data, which in turn involves gathering more personal data. In today's context, marked by increased philosophical discussions about freedom and heightened emphasis on the individual, the issue of personal data privacy has become considerably important, accompanied by numerous challenges. Despite the existence of many national and international legal regulations regarding data privacy, there lacks a regulation overseeing the development processes of related technologies. Artificial Intelligence is often classified into categories based on its technical capabilities, namely \"Narrow AI,\" \"General AI,\" and \"Superintelligence.\" AI has attracted significant attention in philosophy and has brought about interdisciplinary research in fields ranging from logic and aesthetics to law, ethics, medicine, and even art. In the face of emerging technologies, it seems inevitable that philosophy will initiate new research trajectories. The paper examines these three concepts related to AI, their connection with the concept of privacy, the issues arising and potentially arising in the realm of personal privacy, and the measures to mitigate these risks. The methodology employed includes a literature review and qualitative data analysis. The research reveals that the notion of privacy is mainly linked to ensuring the security of personal data related to technological advancements and the changing perception of privacy in individuals. However, it's observed that these studies often do not encompass current developments. The paper endeavors to answer questions such as: What do the terms \"AI, Narrow AI, General AI, Superintelligence, and Personal Data Privacy\" refer to? Have studies been conducted on the relationship between AI concepts and personal data privacy? What are the risks associated with personal data privacy, and how can these risks be mitigated? The study aims to highlight the risks in the development processes of AI as increasingly vocalized by scientists working in this field. It delves into issues such as the collection and storage of personal data, often unbeknownst to individuals, through cloud technologies and the potential problems arising from the use of this data in AI training. The article also discusses potential solutions to these issues. Drawing attention to recent developments in this scope is of paramount importance for social scientists, and disseminating information about these advancements is crucial. Based on the examinations and analyses conducted, it's determined that AI, now possessing new competencies, requires an interdisciplinary approach to address the are","PeriodicalId":286866,"journal":{"name":"TSBS Bildiriler Dergisi","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117242947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platon’un Phaidon Diyaloğunda Uyum Argümanı ve Elemeci Materyalist Zihin Felsefesi","authors":"Emine Gören Bayam","doi":"10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.479","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this paper is to examine ‘the harmony argument’, which is considered as a materialist understanding of soul in Plato's Phaedo (86a-94e), and to evaluate the 'eliminative materialism', which is a materialist philosophy of mind in the contemporary period. To do this, first of all, the main points of the harmony argument will be examined. The harmony argument is provided by Simmias in the dialogue. The harmony argument is advanced by Simmias in the dialogue. According to him, the harmony in the sound of a tuned lyre is something invisible and immaterial, just like the soul, while the strings of the lyre are corporeal, composite. However, when the corporeal string disappears, the harmony also disappears. Why not consider the same for the soul and the body? When we look at the contemporary philosophy of mind, it can be said that especially materialist philosophies of mind are in demand and that they reduce the mind to the brain, just as harmony is reduced to string in the example of the lyre above. Eliminative materialism, which is discussed in this paper, is at the far end of this issue and states that the mind is completely the brain and that the mind can be eliminated. If we consider the argument of harmony with the claims of eliminative materialism, according to them, there is nothing but sound and string, and movements in sound and string are called harmony in an unscientific way. Since there is no such thing as harmony, this concept will disappear as science progresses about the lyre and its strings. Philosophy of mind is a very current and important sub-field of philosophy as a field of study, considering topics such as artificial intelligence in the contemporary period. It can be thought that the philosophy of religion, in which subjects such as metaphysics and spirit are studied, can point to important places in this field, especially when it is considered that science is handled with a materialist way today. This paper, it is aimed to compare the harmony argument in the Phaidon dialogue, which is one of the most basic texts on the subject that the soul is a substance separate from matter, with the elective materialism, which is one of the contemporary theories, and to present the answers that can be given to materialism in this regard. While doing this, the text of the dialogue was analyzed and examined in a comparative way with contemporary thoughts. As a result, it was seen that three important issues arise in Socrates' answer to the harmony argument. According to Socrates (i) the soul exists before the body, and harmony emerges after the lyre and strings. (ii) The soul is active on the body, it can oppose the body. But harmony is not active on lyre and strings, it can only follow them. (iii) Spirit is simple, there is no such thing as being more or less spirit. But the harmony may be less or more. Considering these claims of Socrates, it has been seen that the second view, which we can call the problem of free will, is an i","PeriodicalId":286866,"journal":{"name":"TSBS Bildiriler Dergisi","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126658622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leone Caetani’nin Üsâme b. Zeyd’in Belkâ Seferi Hakkındaki Görüşlerine Dair Tahlil, Tenkit ve Değerlendirme","authors":"Tuba Yıldırım","doi":"10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.382","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the views and claims of the Italian politician and orientalist Leone Caetani in his work Annali Dell'Islām, which deals with the Prophet's preparation of an army to be sent to the Syrian region before his death and his appointment of Usāma b. Zayd as the commander of the military, which took place in the 11th year of the Hijrah in Islamic history. Due to its importance, every Muslim wants to learn the Islamic sciences from their basic sources accurately, especially the life of the Prophet Muhammad. For this purpose, Muslim scholars researched this field and produced many works. Western scholars also conducted research in this field for different purposes and eventually produced works within the scope of Orientalism. Leone Caetani (d. 1935) was one of the orientalists who aimed to study the religion, culture, thought, economic, and social life of the East. He wrote his work Annali Dell'Islām in ten volumes. The translation of the work from Italian by Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın between 1924 and 1927 caused a great outrage in our country. Due to the fact that historians live in different geographies and are nourished by the culture in which they live, they have often failed to do so, even though they want to approach events objectively. Therefore, it is important to approach orientalist writers' works carefully and evaluate their content. In addition, when differences in beliefs are added to the aforementioned factors, the picture that emerges can be far from scientific. As a matter of fact, this situation is also observed in Leone Caetani. Caetani's work contains many subjective, negative thoughts and incomplete and erroneous information. Although it is the product of many years and labor, it is seen that the work moves away from objectivity and scientificity at some points. Babanzâde Ahmet Naim, and Yusuf Ziya Yörükân wrote articles against his subjective and negative views which do not reflect the truth, and Âsım Köksal wrote a refutation to the first volume. However, when we searched the literature, we realized that previous studies did not include this subject, and the need for research arose. In this study, the information given by Caetani under the title \"Preparations for Usāma's departure to Balqa\" is subjected to analysis, criticism and evaluation. The aforementioned subject is discussed within orientalist Leone Caetani's views and claims. For this purpose, the main sources such as al-Wāqidī's al-Mag̲hāzī, Ibn Hishām's al-Sīra al-nabawiyya, al-Ṭabarī's Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, and many others such as the works of Ibn Saʿd, al-Yaʿqūbī, al-Masʿūdī, Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, al-hahabī, Ibn Kathīr, etc., and the al-Kutub al-sitta in the field of hadīth have been examined to obtain information on the subject. In the light of the information obtained, Caetani's views and claims were objectively evaluated. As a result of our evaluations, we have found both accurate information and erroneous points. For example, while quoting information ","PeriodicalId":286866,"journal":{"name":"TSBS Bildiriler Dergisi","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132363394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mehmet Akif Ersoy's Views on Some Issues of Islamic Family Law","authors":"Sümeyye Erdoğan","doi":"10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.552","url":null,"abstract":"Mehmet Akif Ersoy defends the necessity of a society based on Islamic principles. He also dealt with social issues through his poems. In his poetry corpus called Safahat, he gave place to the wars, corruption, economic troubles, disagreements, and social changes experienced by Turkish society. Mehmet Akif draws attention to the excess and negative aspects of these great changes in society. He stated that the reason for the situations that cause enchantment in the society is the departure from the rules and rules of Islam. He states that the solution is only to live the religious provisions correctly. According to Akif, there is a need for good fiqh scholars who explain religion correctly to people in order to achieve this situation. The understanding of religion in the society; It should be corrected by filtering the mind based on the Qur'an, Sunnah, and consensus. Likewise, people's inadequate and wrong knowledge in the field of fiqh brings corruption into many issues in society. Undoubtedly, the concept of family is among those most affected by the bad consequences of being away from religion. According to Mehmet Akif, societies that do not have a proper family life are doomed to fall behind. The problems in family life that Mehmet Akif faced and criticized during his lifetime still remain valid today. For this reason, in our study, the social problems of family life witnessed and criticized by Mehmet Akif were evaluated in terms of Islamic law. Thus, it is desired to clearly reveal the corruption in family life caused by moving away from the rules of Islamic law. Due to the fact that they are within the scope of the subject, the poetic stories conveyed in the poems of Köse İmam, Meyhane, and Asım are emphasized. In the plots of the poems, we come across the subjects of dowry, alimony, polygamy, relationship between spouses, property regime, and divorce. Mehmet Akif's comments about the case studies in the work are included. Afterwards, a statement was made on the relevant subject, and the misunderstood/applied situations were explained according to Islamic law. As a result of the study, we see the damage to family life of the deactivation or misinterpretation of the provisions of religion. According to Mehmet Akif, issues such as giving women the value they deserve in family life, removing polygamy from being an arbitrary practice, correcting misconceptions about divorce, obtaining and protecting women's financial rights during the marriage process are only possible with the correct understanding of Islamic legal principles. Because, from a society where women are not even considered human beings, girls are buried alive, and there is uncertainty in family life, a society of the century of bliss has been reached only with Islam. For this reason, women, children, and family life suffer the most in societies where religion/fiqh is put into the background. Raising the generation that will carry a nation forward is only possible by removing the wro","PeriodicalId":286866,"journal":{"name":"TSBS Bildiriler Dergisi","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122606095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Zoroastrianism on Ağrı and its Surroundings","authors":"Rükiye Keven","doi":"10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.402","url":null,"abstract":"From the past to the present, people living in the same or close geographies have been influenced by each other's culture, customs, traditions, and religions as a result of neighborly relations, trade, migrations, and wars. Iran has also influenced its neighboring border countries, especially in religious matters, from the moment it started to show its presence on the stage of history. In this study, the impact of Zoroastrianism, which was founded by Zoroaster 3500 years ago, on our country and especially on Ağrı and its surroundings, one of the frontier cities of Anatolia, has been investigated. With the Gürbulak border gate located in Ağrı, Ağrı is the closest place to Iran in Turkey in terms of geographical location. Zoroastrianism is one of the oldest monotheistic religions in the World, with approximately 200,000 followers in the world today. Although it is not known exactly where and when Zoroaster was born, it is generally accepted that he lived between 628-551 BC. Zoroastrianism was not limited to the lands where it was born, but also spread to most parts of the world. Zoroaster, who defended righteousness under the leadership of Ahura Mazda, made the basic distinction between good and evil and created the belief in the afterlife around the phenomenon of heaven and hell. The bridge of Sırât, which is a part of Islamic belief and which must be crossed to get to heaven, is one of the influences of Zoroastrianism in Turkey. Another important issue is having children and ensuring the continuation of the family lineage, which underpins the solidity of the family institution. When a baby is born, the isolation of the baby and mother from society for 40 or 50 days is one of the phenomena that we have acculturated under the influence of Zoroastrianism. In Zoroastrianism, after 40 days of waiting, all the items used by the woman who gave birth were cleaned by burning, while in Ağrı, this ritual came to life by cleaning with water. The main purpose of this study is to reveal how Zoroastrianism has found its place in Turkish culture. This study has a very important place in terms of revealing the basic similarities and differences of the culture, customs, and traditions formed around two different beliefs. In this study, a literature review and group sampling were conducted, and face-to-face interviews were used. Even the basis of the belief in the Mahdi, defined by Western researchers as Ghost-Danc, is mentioned as \"Saoshiant\", meaning \"helper, savior\" in the Avesta, the holy book of Zoroastrianism, and in the Gathas, the sayings of Zoroaster, before he came to Anatolia. In Zoroastrianism, it is believed that the Mahdi will come from Zoroaster's lineage. In Ağrı, a savior is expected and believed to fight the evil that will increase before the apocalypse. The savior character of Zoroastrianism, Saoshiant, played an important role in the formation of the Mahdi belief in Shiite doctrine. In particular, this belief has shown its presence in Ararat and","PeriodicalId":286866,"journal":{"name":"TSBS Bildiriler Dergisi","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133735675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prayers of Individuals in Early Adulthood in Terms of Motive and Content and Needs Reflected in Prayers: The Case of Mardin","authors":"İremnur Ersoy","doi":"10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.458","url":null,"abstract":"Prayer is basically a person's talking to Allah and asking for His help. In this sense, the motives of prayer are needs and desires. Accordingly, prayer is the refuge of an individual, who realises that his/her own power is limited, to an omnipotent being to reach his/her desires on the one hand and to get rid of his/her fears on the other. For this reason, the individual expresses his/her real or potential problems while praying. These thoughts constitute the starting point of the study. The period of early adulthood, which is one of the important turning points in the literature within the framework of lifelong development, constitutes the most psychologically satisfying and, at the same time, exhausting years of life. The concept of prayer, which forms the basis of the research, also gives clues about the individual's bond with God through matter. Therefore, analyzing the prayers of individuals in this period and defining their needs and desires in line with the data obtained are important in terms of understanding the individuals in this period. This study consists of investigating “why”, “when,” and “what requests/to” young people in the 18-25 age group in the province of Mardin, who are likely to face an important crisis in the phase of being alone in the face of gaining friendship in today's post-modern world, individuals in the first adulthood period. The research was carried out between 15.07.2023 - 18.07.2023. The study aims to understand why individuals in early adulthood try to establish contact with Allah in daily life and to open their problems to discussion based on the issues they demand from Allah. Because prayer is not only a phenomenon that enables the individual to communicate with God but also contains both the troubles and happiness of daily life and the worries and expectations for the future. For this reason, analyzing the prayers of individuals in early adulthood can contribute to understanding some of the issues they accept as problems. Qualitative research design was preferred in the study. The research group of the study is the province of Mardin, and it was carried out with one-to-one interviews with 30 participants reached by snowball method. Three open-ended questions were asked to the participants. The data obtained were grouped by cluster analysis and analyzed by content analysis. As a result of the study, important factors in the prayer of individuals in early adulthood were determined. When we categorize the problems reflected on the issue of “why”, “when,” and “with what kind of requests,” individuals in early adulthood pray under 3 main headings, the result is as follows: economic difficulties, anxiety about the future and crises experienced in the process of adapting to the speed-orientated life that can be expressed with the term “race horse”. As a result of these crises that they experienced and had difficulty finding solutions, it was determined that they established a spiritual communication with the omni","PeriodicalId":286866,"journal":{"name":"TSBS Bildiriler Dergisi","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122235270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of the Recitations (Qirāʼāt) on the Rulings in al-Jaṣṣās' Aḥkām al-Qurʾān: The Case of Chapter on Ṭahārah","authors":"Ayşenur Koçak","doi":"10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.394","url":null,"abstract":"The general subject of this study is the reflections of the recitations (Qirāʼāt) on the verses of aḥkām. The specific subject is how influential the recitations are in the verses that al-Jassās deals with under the title of Ṭahārah (Cleanliness) in his Aḥkām al-Qurʾān. This study is important in terms of the inevitability of its applicability in social life and in terms of seeing how the rulings of the three verses that al-Jassās deals with in the Ṭahārah section of his Aḥkām al-Qurʾān are interpreted differently due to the recitation. This study aims to reveal how the recitation in al-Jaṣṣās' Aḥkām change the rulings by exemplifying the verses in the chapter on Ṭahārah, and to reveal the motives of al-Jaṣṣās when he makes a choice between the two versions from a unique perspective by taking into account the traditional and sociological background. The focal point of this study is al-Jaṣṣās's Aḥkām al-Qurʾān, which has developed a unique methodology in terms of its approach and evaluation of the recitations among the Aḥkām tafsirs. While there are studies on the relationship between jurisprudence (fiqh) and Qurʾān in al-Jaṣṣās, the lack of a special study on the most famous verses on this subject, the \" Ṭahārah chapter\", has led us to research at this point. As a methodology, the three related verses are listed in their own order in accordance with the sequence in the Muṣḥaf. Each verse is given as it appears in the Muṣḥaf with the Hafs narration of Asim, and its meaning is presented. Other recitations and meanings of this verse are explained in the light of the information in the recitation sources. Subsequently, it is tried to reveal how the commentator (mufassir) analyzed this qiraat differences, which methods he developed, and which judgment he reached at the last point, together with the motives that pushed him to this judgment. When we see the Qurʾān as a book that contains all the authentic recitations, it is understood that it is essential to take into account the recitation differences when speaking on behalf of the Qurʾān.  At the end of each verse, the verses were evaluated from the perspective of the present day, and it was concluded how applicable the provisions that emerged from recitation differences were actually applicable in life. It was seen that al-Jaṣṣās preferred the famous recitations in all three verses, but the reason that led him to this conclusion was not the theoretical classification of the recitation as ṣaḥīḥ. - shādh, but the sociological reflection of the existing traditional accumulation in the background of his mind along with the sectarian factor. By referring to the positive and negative aspects of the method, the contribution of this study to contemporary scholars in interpreting the tradition is also criticized. We have also investigated other chapters in al-Jaṣṣās' Aḥkām al-Qurʾān, such as the chapter on Ṭahārah, and concluded that there is a lack of studies on the reflections of the meaning and ruling dime","PeriodicalId":286866,"journal":{"name":"TSBS Bildiriler Dergisi","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133962476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tanrı-Zaman İlişkisi Bağlamında Richard Swinburne’ün Klasik Teizme Eleştirileri ve Zamansal Tanrı Tasavvuru","authors":"Şeymatül Rabia Akıcı","doi":"10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55709/tsbsbildirilerdergisi.493","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines Richard Swinburne's thoughts on the relationship between God and time, one of the forefathers of the modern philosophy of religion. I will analyze Swinburne's critiques of classical theism's conception of God acting in the timeless/eternal and possessing the present, and asses to which extent the philosopher's temporal conception of God can overcome classical theism's difficulties. The idea of God being incorporated in time, according to theism, would make God a prisoner of time. God would be constrained by time and the natural laws that govern it, and situating creation under the concept of eternal time, as Swinburne claims, would pose some difficulties for classical theism's assumptions.  Swinburne contends that the concept of eternal God as owning the present raises a number of theological-philosophical issues, including human freedom, God's goodness, and how God acts in time. Swinburne finds traditional theism's theories of human will inadequate, claiming that in order to provide for human freedom, God voluntarily intervenes in time and limits his own self-knowledge. Swinburne acknowledges that God must operate in time by claiming that acts connected to the essence of the act occur across in a certain period of time rather than in moments. In other words, contrary to what classical theism argues, God does not act in his eternal present. According to him, God acts through time because acts do not occur in moments but in certain period of time. Examining Swinburne's idea of time and the relationship between God and time within this framework is critical for revealing the challenges caused by the idea of timeless God presented by classical theism. The purpose of this research is to determine which difficulties classical theism and Swinburne's arguments on the relationship between God and time answer and which problems they open up in theological and philosophical dimensions. Another goal of the research is to provide a critical viewpoint on both points of view. Swinburne's The Christian God, The Coherence of Theism, and Space and Time is evaluated in the study using the textual analysis approach and secondary source data. In conclusion, according to Swinburne, classical theism's conception of God is defended as a result of assumptions about certain divine attributes such as immutability, perfection, power, and knowledge. It is also clear that these assumptions raise some theological problems. The idea of God's temporality, on the other hand, was put forward in order to solve some problems regarding human will, God's goodness, and God's agency. As a result, the temporal notion of God solves some of the challenges created by the timeless conception of God in classical theism, yet classical theism has several presuppositions that prevent it from accepting this view.  The assumptions that both sides make on certain issues serve as their starting point. Both perspectives' conclusions point to further issues that need to be address","PeriodicalId":286866,"journal":{"name":"TSBS Bildiriler Dergisi","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127395025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}