Bioengineering eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Histologic Evaluation of Therapeutic Responses in Ischemic Myocardium Elicited by Dual Growth Factor Delivery from Composite Glycosaminoglycan Hydrogels","authors":"Alexander A Xu, Kayle S. Shapero, Jared A. Geibig, Hsiang-Wei K. Ma, Alex R. Jones, Marina Hanna, Daniel R. Pitts, E. Hillas, M. Firpo, R. Peattie","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3360259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3360259","url":null,"abstract":"In this project, the ability of dual growth factor-preloaded, silk-reinforced, composite hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels to elicit advantageous histologic responses when secured to ischemic myocardium was evaluated in vivo. Reinforced hydrogels containing both Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) were prepared by crosslinking chemically modified hyaluronic acid and heparin with poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate around a reinforcing silk mesh. Composite patches were sutured to the ventricular surface of ischemic myocardium in Sprague-Dawley rats, and the resulting angiogenic response was followed for 28 days. The gross appearance of treated hearts showed significantly reduced ischemic area and fibrous deposition compared to untreated control hearts. Histologic evaluation showed growth factor delivery to restore myofiber orientation to pre-surgical levels and to significantly increase elicited microvessel density and maturity by day 28 in infarcted myocardial tissue (p < 0.05). In addition, growth factor delivery reduced cell apoptosis and decreased the density of elicited mast cells and both CD68+ and anti-inflammatory CD163+ macrophages. These findings suggest that HA-based, dual growth factor-loaded hydrogels can successfully induce a series of beneficial responses in ischemic myocardium, and offer the potential for therapeutic improvement of ischemic myocardial remodeling.","PeriodicalId":283911,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering eJournal","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132722145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Choice and Evaluation of Regularization Priors for CT/ PET Image Reconstruction","authors":"Ritu Gothwal, Shailendra Tiwari, S. Shivani","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3351005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3351005","url":null,"abstract":"Computed Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography (CT/PET) are primary imaging tools for the clinical diagnosis. The main objective of the imaging tool is to minimize the radiation dose without sacrificing the quality of CT/PET images. To achieve this goal, a suitable regularization prior is incorporated with the iterative reconstruction method. The proposed model is a fusion of Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) with partial differential equation based anisotropic diffusion (AD) filter. The proposed method is capable enough to minimize the radiation dose, removing the staircase effects as well as handle the ill-posed issue. To check the validation of the proposed method, both qualitative and quantitative results are presented using the simulated and real test phantoms. The results shown that the proposed methods outperform the state-of-the-art methods.","PeriodicalId":283911,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125721699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Blood Compatibility Challenge","authors":"M. Gorbet, C. Sperling, M. Maitz, C. Siedlecki, C. Werner, M. Sefton","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3345274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3345274","url":null,"abstract":"Despite >50 years of study, there are no materials that are considered truly nonthrombogenic. Some materials minimize protein adsorption or cell adhesion while others actively inhibit thrombin generation through heparinization. Nonetheless the problem of biomaterial associated thrombogenicity remains. While once an active area of research, the problem has not only not been solved, it has also been largely abandoned. It is considered too hard or efforts attack only one particular aspect of the problem or more broadly new ideas and approaches have not been brought to bear. This frustration has led to a series of review papers where we summarize the features of broad agreement and provide commentary on those aspects of the problem that were subject to dispute. These are (see also Figure 1): 1. Blood-contacting medical devices: The scope of the problem; 2. Protein adsorption phenomena governing blood reactivity; 3. Material associated activation of blood cascades and cells; 4. Surface modification for hemocompatible materials: passive and active approaches to guide blood-material interactions. \u0000 \u0000We were inspired by the structure of the >1500 year old book of Jewish laws, called the Talmud, in which commentaries are layered on commentaries to interpret and reinterpret a biblical law. It takes the form of a record of discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, philosophy, customs and history. Here we began with what we believed to be a generally accepted truth regarding thrombogenicity and then added our thoughts and commentaries regarding with respect to aspects that were not as scientifically firm as the opening \"truth.\" We hope that future investigators will update these reviews as new scholarship resolves the uncertainties of today.","PeriodicalId":283911,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering eJournal","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120976810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Bacillus Thuringiensis and Lysinibacillus Sphaericus on Low-Density Polyethylene","authors":"R. Ray","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3586055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3586055","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to determine and compare the rates that Bacillus thuringiensis, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, and a composite of the two degrade low-density polyethylene (LDPE), the global leading plastic pollutant. The research involved measuring the mass of LDPE degraded by B. thuringiensis, L. sphaericus, and a composite of the two. The bacteria agars were inoculated to make a bacterial broth of each culture. Samples of LDPE were exposed individually to B. thuringiensis broth, L. sphaericus broth, and a composite mixture for nine days. Six separate, identical trials were executed, and all were subjected to the same environmental conditions. The masses of all samples were measured and compared to respective masses before exposure to calculate mass degradation. The research and subsequent data obtained present the conclusion that the bacterial composite has a significantly greater degradation rate on LDPE than the B. thuringiensis and L. sphaericus independently. The data furthermore showed an insignificant difference in degradation rates between B. thuringiensis and L. sphaericus individually. The results propose the potential of further developing more effective compositions of microorganisms to degrade polyethylene beyond the rate of the composite examined in this research to reduce global plastic pollution that plagues the environment.","PeriodicalId":283911,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering eJournal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126803180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Impact of an Emerging Big Health Data Platform: A Logic Model and Q-Methodology Approach","authors":"Justin Connolly, A. Staines, R. Connolly, A. Boilson, P. Davis, D. Weston, N. Bloodworth","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3283094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3283094","url":null,"abstract":"Despite advances in technology and medical science, modern health-based projects are open to systemic failure due to many factors. These include I.T. developer’s lack of awareness with regard to end-user needs, poor communication amongst all parties concerned and inappropriate or inadequate tests of the emerging system. Other issues may be external (e.g. political and legal) such as sharing of patient data and issues surrounding consent. The goal of this paper is to take a major health-based European model in current development and explore how it addresses the needs of four institutions in four different countries, and how it will meet their respective needs. The evaluation was designed within a Logic Model, and uses the Framework approach, and Q-Methodology to assess both impact and evaluation. Data will be collected through longitudinal semi-structured interviews and Q-scoring with principal stakeholders and developers at each stage of the project. This approach, recurring interviews with the same key players in the project, will help ensure that there is mutual understanding between I.T. developers and end-users of the system. The final system is meant to provide effective health-based decision support systems for policy makers.","PeriodicalId":283911,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering eJournal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131706696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanically Stimulated Osteoblast Cells Growth","authors":"R. Aversa, A. Apicella, F. Tamburrino, F. Petrescu","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2018.1023.1036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2018.1023.1036","url":null,"abstract":"The bones need to be built and then permanently restored to keep them functioning properly. Considering the multiple bone functions, their vitality is essential both to maintain the body and move it and to maintain its health and vigor. When most bones begin to age and have no vital function, the man also begins to age, lose water, minerals, electrolytes, energy, food. We can firmly affirm that healthy bones maintain an excellent health of the human body. All of the bones in the young have the role of deposit, water, electrolyte, minerals, energy, substances necessary for the growth and repair of human cells and organs, a part (red marrow) that permanently produces the vital blood for the organism with the three vital cell types: red (body oxygenation), white (which defends the body) and platelets (it clogs the blood when a wound appears). More recently, it is also known that the red marrow is responsible for the stem cells production, cells which are so necessary to the body because they can adapt to anywhere in the body in any organ, rapidly generating the various types of cells needed. In the bones of the young and most of the adult, all these functionalities appear, so that when an accident requires a human operation it is good to resort to mild and specialized interventions so that the bone in question can quickly recover all features. Otherwise, the body of that person has a major future health and integrity problem, as is the case with older people or those with serious bone diseases. The research develops and tests new hybrid biomimetic materials that work as mechanically stimulating “scaffolds” to promote early regeneration in implanted bone healing phases. A biomimetic nanostructured osteoconductive material coated apparatus is presented. Bioinspired approaches to materials and templated growth of hybrid networks using self-assembled hybrid organic-inorganic interfaces are finalized to extend the use of hybrids in the medical field. Combined in vivo, in vitro and computer-aided simulations have been carried out. Such multidisciplinary approach allowed us to explore many novel ideas in modeling, design and fabrication of new nanostructured biomaterials and scaffolds with enhanced functionality and improved interaction with OB cells. In vivo tests of Titanium screw implanted in rabbit, tibiae have shown that mechanical stimulation was induced by the presence of bioactive hybrid perimplantar scaffold resulting in a differentiation and development of mesenchymal tissues. In order to investigate the relationship between bone growth and applied mechanical loading (strain), a piezoelectrically driven cantilever and a computer-controlled apparatus for “in vitro” tests has been developed and presented.","PeriodicalId":283911,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering eJournal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130867599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submission to the House of Commons Treasury Committee - Digital Currencies Inquiry","authors":"Izabella Kamińska, M. Walker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3412228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3412228","url":null,"abstract":"In 2018 the House of Commons Treasury Committee launched an inquiry into role of digital currencies in the UK, including the opportunities and risks that digital currencies may bring to consumers, businesses, and the Government. It also examined the potential impact of distributed ledger technology — such as block-chain — on financial institutions, including the central bank, and financial infrastructure.<br><br>This paper was a joint a response from Martin Walker (Center for Evidence Based Management) and Izabella Kaminska (Financial Times) was a response to the inquiries request for information and analysis on the topic. The paper discusses the definitions of the term “Digital Currrencies”, the role of cryptocurrencies in the UK and explains the potential and the risks of more widespread adoption. It also provides an overview of Distributed ledger technology, its history, technical characteristics and potential applications in modern banking.","PeriodicalId":283911,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115047851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the Radical Innovations in Food Industry: A Text Mining Study","authors":"I. Kuzminov, P. Bakhtin, E. Khabirova, M. Kotsemir, Alina Lavrynenko","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3143721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3143721","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the study of radical innovations in the global food industry which were obtained through semantic analysis of heterogeneous unstructured text data sources by applying innovative big data text mining system. The approach used allows performing rapid, yet comprehensive aggregation of the whole polyphony of existing knowledge of the technology development in any sector for traditional foresight, future oriented technology analysis, and horizon scanning studies. The sources for the analysis include research papers, patent applications with both full-text data and additional structured metadata, analytical reports by main international organizations and national key players, various media and news resources, including all the major technology innovation, disruption and venture capital news websites. Their processing with an introduced approach for trend- and technology-mapping helps to identify ongoing and emerging technology-related trends, weak signals on possible scientific breakthroughs in the global food industry, including most promising startup strategies and food innovation controversies. This kind of analysis can be performed on a regular basis owing to constant accumulation of textual data and serve as a framework for constant science and technology (S&T) monitoring for early warning on changing technology landscape and its implications on agriculture and food markets","PeriodicalId":283911,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering eJournal","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122129042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Environmental and Psychological Stressors: A Biomarker Perspective","authors":"P. Ghezzi, L. Floridi, D. Boraschi, A. Cuadrado, G. Manda, Snezana Levic, F. D’Acquisto, Alice Hamilton, T. Athersuch, Liza Selley","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3862342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3862342","url":null,"abstract":"SIGNIFICANCE\u0000The environment can elicit biological responses such as oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation as a consequence of chemical, physical, or psychological changes. As population studies are essential for establishing these environment-organism interactions, biomarkers of OS or inflammation are critical in formulating mechanistic hypotheses. Recent Advances: By using examples of stress induced by various mechanisms, we focus on the biomarkers that have been used to assess OS and inflammation in these conditions. We discuss the difference between biomarkers that are the result of a chemical reaction (such as lipid peroxides or oxidized proteins that are a result of the reaction of molecules with reactive oxygen species) and those that represent the biological response to stress, such as the transcription factor NRF2 or inflammation and inflammatory cytokines.\u0000\u0000\u0000CRITICAL ISSUES\u0000The high-throughput and holistic approaches to biomarker discovery used extensively in large-scale molecular epidemiological exposome are also discussed in the context of human exposure to environmental stressors.\u0000\u0000\u0000FUTURE DIRECTIONS\u0000We propose to consider the role of biomarkers as signs and to distinguish between signs that are just indicators of biological processes and proxies that one can interact with and modify the disease process. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 852-872.","PeriodicalId":283911,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129430192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of Low Power SAR ADC for ECG Using 45nm CMOS Technology","authors":"Silpakesav Velagaleti, Nayanathara K.S., Madhavi B.K","doi":"10.5121/VLSIC.2017.8102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/VLSIC.2017.8102","url":null,"abstract":"Design of a low power Successive Approximation Register Analog to Digital Converter (SAR ADC) in 45nm CMOS Technology for biopotential acquisition systems is presented. It is designed by using a high threshold voltage (Vt) cell to reduce power dissipation. A 10-bit SAR ADC is designed and compared with the low resolution SAR ADC and normal threshold voltage (Vt) ADC with respect to power and delay. The results show that high Vt SAR ADC saves power upto 67% as compared to low Vt SAR ADC without any penalty of delay. Other performance metrics studied are the Effective Number of Bits (ENOB) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Signal to Noise and Distortion Ratio and Spurious Free Dynamic ratio.","PeriodicalId":283911,"journal":{"name":"Bioengineering eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130553931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}