Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by Environmental and Psychological Stressors: A Biomarker Perspective

P. Ghezzi, L. Floridi, D. Boraschi, A. Cuadrado, G. Manda, Snezana Levic, F. D’Acquisto, Alice Hamilton, T. Athersuch, Liza Selley
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引用次数: 62

Abstract

SIGNIFICANCE The environment can elicit biological responses such as oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation as a consequence of chemical, physical, or psychological changes. As population studies are essential for establishing these environment-organism interactions, biomarkers of OS or inflammation are critical in formulating mechanistic hypotheses. Recent Advances: By using examples of stress induced by various mechanisms, we focus on the biomarkers that have been used to assess OS and inflammation in these conditions. We discuss the difference between biomarkers that are the result of a chemical reaction (such as lipid peroxides or oxidized proteins that are a result of the reaction of molecules with reactive oxygen species) and those that represent the biological response to stress, such as the transcription factor NRF2 or inflammation and inflammatory cytokines. CRITICAL ISSUES The high-throughput and holistic approaches to biomarker discovery used extensively in large-scale molecular epidemiological exposome are also discussed in the context of human exposure to environmental stressors. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We propose to consider the role of biomarkers as signs and to distinguish between signs that are just indicators of biological processes and proxies that one can interact with and modify the disease process. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 852-872.
环境和心理应激源诱导的氧化应激和炎症:生物标志物的视角
环境可以引发生物反应,如氧化应激(OS)和炎症,作为化学、物理或心理变化的结果。由于人口研究对于建立这些环境-生物相互作用至关重要,因此OS或炎症的生物标志物对于制定机制假设至关重要。最新进展:通过使用由各种机制引起的压力的例子,我们专注于在这些情况下用于评估OS和炎症的生物标志物。我们讨论了化学反应结果的生物标志物(如脂质过氧化物或与活性氧分子反应的氧化蛋白)与代表应激生物反应的生物标志物(如转录因子NRF2或炎症和炎症细胞因子)之间的区别。在人类暴露于环境应激源的背景下,还讨论了在大规模分子流行病学暴露中广泛使用的生物标志物发现的高通量和整体方法。未来方向我们建议考虑生物标志物作为标志的作用,并区分仅仅是生物过程指标的标志和可以与疾病过程相互作用和改变疾病过程的代理。Antioxid。氧化还原信号,28,852-872。
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