Yasser Zare , Muhammad Tajammal Munir , Kyong Yop Rhee
{"title":"A new pattern for conductivity of carbon nanofiber polymer composites with interphase and tunneling parameters","authors":"Yasser Zare , Muhammad Tajammal Munir , Kyong Yop Rhee","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the Weber-Kamal model is advanced to estimate the electrical conductivity of the samples containing polymer and carbon nanofiber (CNF) by the characteristics of the CNF network, interphase, and tunnels, which were disregarded in the original model. The developed model considers the crucial parameters such as interphase depth, contact number (<em>m</em>), contact diameter, polymer tunneling resistivity (<em>ρ</em>), and tunneling distance (<em>λ</em>), along with network portion and interphase concentration. The developed model’s outputs are validated across various levels of these parameters. Furthermore, the developed model’s calculations are associated to the measured conductivity of various examples. Both parametric evaluations and experimental data corroborate the suggested model. The minimum ranges of <em>λ</em> = 1 nm and <em>ρ</em> = 50 Ω.m maximize the conductivity to 0.23 S/m, while an insulative system is observed at high ranges of <em>λ</em> > 6 nm and <em>ρ</em> > 100 Ω.m. Additionally, an insulative system occurs when <em>m</em> < 30 and the waviness factor (<em>u</em>) > 1.4, whereas the top conductivity of 0.036 S/m is reached with the highest number of contacts (<em>m</em> = 100) among the straight CNFs (<em>u</em> = 1).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 108721"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulrahman Al-Nadhari , Hasan Ulus , Serra Topal , Mehmet Yildiz
{"title":"Analyzing stiffness variations in 3D woven composites: A multi-instrumental study on Glass/Kevlar hybridization effects under tensile and shear loads","authors":"Abdulrahman Al-Nadhari , Hasan Ulus , Serra Topal , Mehmet Yildiz","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on exploring the influence of glass/Kevlar hybridization on the tensile and shear properties of 3D woven composites. The study delves into the behavior of two distinct hybridization scales, inter-ply and intra-tow hybridizations at the outer layers of the 3D woven composites, and compares them with a full-Kevlar configuration while maintaining consistent fabric architecture across all three configurations. The hybridization process for Kevlar 3D woven composites is conducted in the weft direction. Tensile properties are systematically examined along both the warp and weft directions to comprehensively assess the effect of hybridization. To gain a thorough understanding of stiffness changes during loading, all tensile tests are monitored using digital image correlation and acoustic emission analysis techniques. Furthermore, the study investigates the influence of various hybridization techniques on the shear properties and behavior of 3D woven composites. The analysis of shear stiffness variation in all composite configurations is conducted through the utilization of full-field strain distribution obtained from digital image correlation. The tensile test results indicate that hybridization with glass positively influences stiffness recovery along the hybridization direction, whereas the baseline configuration performs better in the perpendicular to the hybridization direction. On the other hand, the shear test results reveal that, although the baseline configuration exhibits a lower shear modulus compared to its hybrid counterparts, it experiences less loss in shear stiffness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 108722"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143200835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanical role of graphene nanofiller on vibration damping properties of highly cross-linked polymers","authors":"Sihyun Kim , Hongdeok Kim , Joonmyung Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of graphene incorporation into epoxy on its microstructure and energy dissipation properties under vibration loading. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, the load-carrying and energy dissipation capabilities of graphene/epoxy nanocomposite models were successfully quantified at the nanoscale. Oscillatory shear deformation analysis revealed that graphene enhances the interfacial energy dissipation under out-of-plane loading, which significantly improves the damping performance of the nanocomposites. However, a detailed spatial analysis of the matrix domain revealed that the interphase around graphene is inferior to that of the bulk matrix in both load-carrying and energy-dissipation capabilities, which is attributed to the locally elevated cross-linking density at the interphase and insufficient interfacial interactions. This encapsulated interphase structure causes a simultaneous increase in deformability and elasticity under external shear strain. The study findings underscore the necessity of optimizing the interfacial structure for developing graphene/epoxy nanocomposites with superior passive vibration damping properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 108720"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143200834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene with regulable viscoelasticity and crystallinity via a steric hindrance strategy for promoting the dynamic mechanical properties of nanocomposites","authors":"Yao Yu, Shiliang Xu, Yingnan Zhao, Yufan Sun, Heng Liu, Chunyu Zhang, Xuequan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron-based syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene (sPB), a novel semicrystalline elastomer, that can achieve desirable dynamic mechanical properties through programmatical adjustment of its structure–activity relationships. sPB was endowed with controllable viscoelasticity and crystallinity based on the influence of efficient combination of two kinds of alkylaluminiums with different steric hindrances on alternating and continuous insertion of butadiene monomers in syndiotactic 1,2-mode. This resulted in a semicrystalline interpenetrating phase structure advantageous for phase homogeneity and covulcanization within the matrix. Furthermore, sPB with the most suitable performance was applied to green tire tread, and the crystal domains of sPB facilitated filler dispersion and ultimately formed multiple crosslinking networks via synergistic effects. Accordingly, the abrasion resistance of nanocomposites incorporated with sPB increased by 25.2%, wet-skid resistance increased by 12.8%, and rolling resistance decreased by 10.0%. This work could provide a theoretical basis for the effective designable synthesis of polymers to improve the dynamic mechanical properties of nanocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 108723"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143200837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mostafa Mehdipour , Semih Doğan , Abdulrahman Al-Nadhari , Mohammad Sajad Sorayani Bafqi , Bertan Beylergil , Mehmet Yildiz , Burcu Saner Okan
{"title":"Influence of functionalized h-BN particle interphase and interface regulation with structural design on the directional thermal conductivity and mechanical performance of carbon fiber/epoxy composites","authors":"Mostafa Mehdipour , Semih Doğan , Abdulrahman Al-Nadhari , Mohammad Sajad Sorayani Bafqi , Bertan Beylergil , Mehmet Yildiz , Burcu Saner Okan","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study highlights the importance of interfacial adhesion between<!--> <!-->carbon fiber (CF)<!--> <!-->and the epoxy matrix by adopting a novel approach that combines untreated and silane-treated h-BN in a multilayered<!--> <!-->structure. The interface was engineered by electrospraying h-BN particles, while the interphase was modified by incorporating up to 20 % h-BN into the epoxy matrix. The highest out-of-plane thermal conductivity of 2.31 W/mK, a 116 % increase compared to the reference value of 1.07 W/mK, was achieved by sizing CF with silanized h-BN through electrospraying, in conjunction with the 20 % h-BN-loaded epoxy matrix. Conversely, the incorporation of h-BN in the epoxy alone resulted in the best mechanical performance, with approximately a 46.4 % increase in elastic modulus, a 105 % improvement in flexural modulus, and a nearly 5 % increase in Charpy impact strength. Based on CT scan results, the resizing of CF fabrics improved directional thermal conductivity in CF/epoxy composites with controlled porosity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 108708"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Charge design for carbon fibre sheet moulding compounds—Impact on morphology and mechanical performance","authors":"Henri Schwalm, Pascal Hubert","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compression moulded carbon fibre reinforced sheet moulding compounds aim to maximize the mechanical performance of discontinuous fibre composites, while maintaining low cycle times. The shape of the charge governs their in-mould flow behaviour, which is one of the most important factors influencing their mechanical performance. While high amounts of flow and the presence of weld lines have been identified as the major performance detractors, the practical implications of these finding on how charges should be designed have not yet been investigated in detail. The present study considers different charge configurations based on challenges that arise when balancing repeatable high performance and manufacturing efficiency in an industrial context. The influence of these configurations on the local internal microstructure is measured with micro-computed tomography and closely associated with the corresponding local mechanical performance measured using digital image correlation. While a charge closely resembling the part indeed yields the most reliable quasi-isotropic results, some in-mould flow aids in evacuating trapped gases and is in many scenarios preferable to piecing together charges from sheet moulding compound patches, thus introducing weld lines. Notably, an even charge coverage is important, to avoid local complex flow patterns, which highly distort the material and constitute significant weak spots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 108695"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143260917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of the tensile behaviour of flax fibre bundles as a function of the loaded volume","authors":"Margot Chalard , Frédéric Bedel , Coralie Buffet , Adèle Hue , Alessia Melelli , Timm Weitkamp , Pierre D’arras , Alain Bourmaud , Christophe Baley","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the mechanical behaviour of flax bundles is a key point when used as reinforcements in composite materials. To determine their mechanical properties, the bundle cross-sectional area must be correctly assessed and has been estimated here using three types of models: elliptical, circular or polygonal. The circular model shows the higher disparity with twice the polygonal standard deviation. Innovatively, 3D rendering of bundles were carried out using microtomographic acquisitions, highlighting their partially cohesive unidirectional composite structure. Then, to analyse the phenomenon involved in the characterisation of bundles, mechanical properties were determined from a threshold value (first damage detected) and expressed as a function of the loaded volume (depends on the bundle cross-section area and the gauge length). To consider the dispersion of the bundles cross-sections, these properties were also weighted using the cross-section distribution curve. The results show their dependence on the volume and morphology of the tested bundles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 108704"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143162439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian Peng , Da-Wei Wang , Zheng-You Cheng , Ming-Feng Yang , Jiang-Tao Liu , Ming Wang
{"title":"Improving microwave absorption performance of carbonyl iron powder by regulating geometric dimensions and electromagnetic-dielectric synergism","authors":"Jian Peng , Da-Wei Wang , Zheng-You Cheng , Ming-Feng Yang , Jiang-Tao Liu , Ming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the microwave absorption performance of carbonyl iron powder (CIP) was enhanced by tuning the geometric dimensions and electromagnetic-dielectric synergism. The ball-shaped CIP was firstly milled into different flattened CIP (FCIP) via a ball milling process with different milling time. The electromagnetic-dielectric synergism of CIP can be regulated by surface coating with silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) and mixing with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) values has been greatly improved. Specifically, the maximum EAB and RL<sub>min</sub> of the FCIP with thick SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticle layer are 7.9 GHz at a thickness of 1.9 mm and −40.6 dB at a thickness of 1.7 mm, respectively. For the SiO<sub>2</sub>@FCIP + MWCNT samples, the effective absorption frequency range covers from 3.0 to 18.0 GHz via changing the sample thickness from 1.5 to 5.0 mm. Therefore, this study provide effective strategies to regulate microwave absorption performance of CIP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 108719"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenzhao An , Qilin Li , Xiaoxing Gao , Bochuan Chen , Yang Luo , Weiwei Xu , Liyu Wang , Songmei Yuan
{"title":"Non-synchronous ductile and brittle removal mechanisms for conventional and ultrasonic vibration-assisted scratching of ceramic matrix composites","authors":"Wenzhao An , Qilin Li , Xiaoxing Gao , Bochuan Chen , Yang Luo , Weiwei Xu , Liyu Wang , Songmei Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are widely recognised as difficult-to-machine materials. The use of diamond abrasive tools combined with ultrasonic vibration offers unique benefits for precision machining. Understanding the differences in material removal mechanisms between ultrasonic vibration-assisted scratching (UAS) and conventional scratching (CS) is crucial for achieving efficient, accurate machining of high-value workpieces. Herein, variable-depth CS and UAS tests were performed, revealing for the first time two brittle removal mechanisms in CMCs: fibre-bending fracture from non-synchronous removal in CS and cyclic indentation-hammering-crack extension in UAS. Further, the non-impulse (CS) and impulse (UAS) force models are established for ductile and brittle removal, respectively. These models were successfully validated through experimental scratching-force data. Results suggest that material removal behavior is primarily influenced by the type of fiber bending fracture and crack extension tip shielding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 108718"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the anisotropic damage behaviour during the scratching process of SiCf/SiC composites","authors":"Qihao Xu , Jinlong Wang , Yi-Qi Wang , Hang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.108717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC composites are ideally suited for demanding high-temperature applications, such as high thrust-weight ratio aeroengines, and accident-tolerant fuel claddings. However, their anisotropic damage behaviour causes the significant challenge in high-quality machining. To explore this difficulty, linear loading nanoindentation and scratch tests were conducted. The results indicated significant variations in mechanical property and damage resistance across different structural locations. The damage behaviour in fibre bundle region was observed to differ from matrix-rich region, depending on the fibre-related scratch direction <em>ϕ</em>. Except for <em>ϕ</em> = 0° and 90°, the two sides of scratch exhibited an asymmetric damage feature. At <em>ϕ</em> = 90°, the largest lateral damage was observed. Fibre–matrix interface debonding was crucial, accompanied by complex force fluctuations. Based on beam bending theory and fracture mechanics, a microstructure-based model was developed to explain the mechanisms of debonding and fibre fracture at different fibre orientations, showed consistency with the evaluated results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 108717"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143161503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}