Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing最新文献

{"title":"Three-in-one effect: Enhancement of processability, anti-aging and mechanical properties of phthalonitrile via modification with novel rare earth coordinated benzimidazole compound","authors":"Haizhou Fan ,&nbsp;Benhao Xin ,&nbsp;Yuechao Zhao ,&nbsp;Ying Guo ,&nbsp;Kun Zheng ,&nbsp;Min Li ,&nbsp;Heng Zhou ,&nbsp;Tong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To further improve the comprehensive performance of phthalonitrile (PN), a novel compound SiBPN-Ce was prepared using 2-benzimidazolinone (2-BI), diphenyldichlorosilane (DPDCS), 4-aminophthalonitrile (4-APN), and cerium chloride. The addition of SiBPN-Ce decreased the viscosity of PN exponentially and reduced the peak curing temperature by 29.4 °C. Through copolymerization modification, a highly efficient physical–chemical hybrid reinforcement mechanism was introduced into PN by SiBPN-Ce. The results indicated that SiBPN can effectively increase the temperature of 5 % mass loss (T_5%) and char yield of PN by 29 °C and 7.2 %, respectively. In the aging test at 350 °C, the formation of a SiO₂-Ce protective layer derived from SiBPN-Ce delayed the occurrence of microcracks on the PN matrix surface by 60 h. Meanwhile, PN modified with SiBPN-Ce (SiBPN15-Ce) retained most of its surface morphology after aging for 100 h. For the SiBPN-Ce composite, its flexural strength (FS) and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) increased by 449.1 MPa and 17.2 MPa respectively compared to pure PN composite. Based on all the results, this physical–chemical hybrid reinforcement mechanism in SiBPN15-Ce was carefully analyzed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109305"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface modified UHMWPE fibers with functional interfacial layers: a strategy for enhanced composite interfacial and mechanical performance","authors":"Yan Wang,&nbsp;Xianhui Dong,&nbsp;Na Li,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Yinjun Chen,&nbsp;Junrong Yu,&nbsp;Zuming Hu,&nbsp;Meifang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber is prized for the superior strength and modulus. Nevertheless, the smoothness of fiber surface and the absence of polar functional groups in polymer backbone result in poor interfacial adhesion with matrix of composites. This severely decreases the mechanical performance and impedes the practical applications of UHMWPE fiber-reinforced composites. To optimize the interfacial compatibility between UHMWPE fiber and matrix, a series of amphipathic polymer brush PVA-OCT oligomer and multi-armed molecule DiPE-OCT with various functional groups herein as interfacial modification agents were synthesized. These functional groups form tight interaction with UHMWPE fiber and matrix through the mechanical interlocking and hydrogen bonding interactions, respectively. After modification by interfacial modification agents, UHMWPE fiber-reinforced composites exhibited a significant enhancement in the interfacial bonding and mechanical properties. Notably, an enhancement of 158.1 % in interfacial shear strength (6.35 MPa) was achieved in modified UHMWPE fiber-reinforced epoxy composites compared to the control composite. Meanwhile, the flexural and tensile strengths of modified composites increased by 107.4 % and 53.3 %, respectively. Consequently, this study provides a facile and innovative method for the surface modification of UHMWPE fiber and remarkably reinforces UHMWPE fiber composites, actuating the industrial application of UHMWPE fiber composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109300"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved fiber–matrix bonding of continuous aramid fiber reinforced acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate polymer using in-situ impregnation material extrusion additive manufacturing technique","authors":"Nishant Jain ,&nbsp;Mathias Czasny ,&nbsp;Johannes Schmidt ,&nbsp;Sara Alves Santos ,&nbsp;David Schmiedjell ,&nbsp;Sabine Hild ,&nbsp;Aleksander Gurlo","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compares the fiber–matrix bonding of acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA) terpolymer reinforced with standard-finish (A1) and adhesion-activated finish (A2) aramid fibers (Twaron®) manufactured using an <em>in-situ</em> additive manufacturing (AM) material extrusion technique. A2 fibers showed a slightly higher total surface energy (γ_s ∼ 49.45 mN/m) compared to A1 fibers (γ_s ∼ 44.20 mN/m) indicating potentially higher interfacial interaction of A2 fibers with polymer matrix. For single-line manufactured composites, the fiber–matrix bonding performance of the A2-ASA composite improved significantly on increasing the processing temperature from 240 °C to 300 °C resulting in an increase in ultimate tensile strength (UTS) from 694 MPa to 870 MPa. In contrast, A1-ASA composites showed a reduction in UTS from 674 MPa to 544 MPa over the same temperature. Improved mechanical performance of the composite reinforced with A2 fibers was also observed in the multi-layer manufactured composite, where UTS reached 450 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 33 GPa, compared to 426 MPa and 15 GPa for the standard finish fibers. The flexural properties confirm the observed improvements in the mechanical properties of A2-ASA composite. The observation derived from the experimental results indicates that the properties of the fiber surface are crucial for enhancing the fiber–matrix bonding, particularly during the manufacturing process of continuous fiber-reinforced composites utilising material extrusion AM techniques. This ASA-aramid composite can be further exploited as a high-performance composite with improved weatherability for outdoor applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109299"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of curing profiles on the Thermo-Mechanical properties of an underfill in Board-Level microelectronic Packaging: Effect on reliability","authors":"Zbyněk Plachý ,&nbsp;Jonáš Uřičář ,&nbsp;Denis Froš ,&nbsp;Anna Pražanová ,&nbsp;Karel Dušek ,&nbsp;Attila Géczy","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper investigates the effect of isothermal curing profiles, based on detailed kinetic analysis, on the mechanical, thermomechanical, and microstructural properties of an epoxy composite microelectronic packaging underfill material for enhanced electronics reliability. Five isothermal profiles were developed based on detailed Kamal-Sourour kinetic modelling to achieve near-complete curing. Subsequent characterisation included DSC, tensile tests, DMA, microhardness measurements, and SEM-EDS analysis. The results revealed a complex dependence of properties on the curing profile. The 170 °C profile provided the optimal ultimate tensile strength (UTS≈71.5 MPa) and Young’s modulus (5.53 GPa), which correlated with the most homogeneous polymer network as determined by the narrowest glass transition width. Conversely, <em>T</em>_g values exhibited a strong inverse relationship with UTS and Young’s modulus, qualified by strong negative Spearman correlations (−1.0 to −0.9). The 150 °C profile resulted in the highest toughness. The microstructural analysis confirmed SiO₂ filler sedimentation at 110 °C, while profiles at 150–170 °C showed the most uniform filler distribution. The thermal degradation of the material was observed at the 190 °C profile. The study demonstrates that the specific temperature–time profile, not just the achieved degree of cure, critically dictates the underfill’s microstructure and final properties. Identification of the optimal process window, approximately 150–170 °C for this material, is essential for achieving desired performance while minimising defects, a fundamental aspect of reliability in electronic applications. Furthermore, this defined processing window provides the flexibility to adapt curing profiles to the thermal constraints of a component or assembly, helping to mitigate thermomechanical stress during manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109298"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A damage tensor-based model for effective resistivity of CFRP θ1/θ2S laminates with matrix cracking","authors":"Keiji Ogi ,&nbsp;Yuji Ozawa ,&nbsp;Ryotaro Ozaki ,&nbsp;K. Mizukami","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a continuum damage mechanics (CDM)-inspired model for predicting the effective resistivity of <span><math><msub><mfenced><mrow><msub><mi>θ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>θ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></mfenced><mi>S</mi></msub></math></span> CFRP laminates with matrix cracks in the <span><math><msub><mi>θ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> plies. The laminate-level resistivity is evaluated using the electric-field lamination theory, and an explicit solution for the electric potential in a cracked 90° lamina is derived. This leads to analytical expressions for both the damage tensor and effective resistivity as functions of matrix crack density. The proposed model is validated against finite element analysis (FEA) and the existing closed-form solution (CFS). Across a wide range of conditions—including strong in-plane and through-thickness anisotropy—the CDM predictions show good agreement with FEA, and outperform the CFS particularly in highly anisotropic regimes. Applicability is demonstrated for both cross-ply and angle-ply laminates, as well as for laminates with three-dimensional anisotropy. Furthermore, a consistent relationship between resistivity change and stiffness degradation is shown, supporting the model’s relevance to electrical health monitoring (EHM) of CFRPs. These results offer a unified, physically grounded framework for evaluating damage-induced resistivity changes in electrically anisotropic composite laminates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109301"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A flexible electromagnetic metamaterial absorber with the characteristics of textile textured meta-surface and dielectric lossy layer","authors":"Minghao Li ,&nbsp;Ziyang Jiang ,&nbsp;Huiqi Shao ,&nbsp;Guangwei Shao ,&nbsp;Bin Xu ,&nbsp;Jinhua Jiang ,&nbsp;Nanliang Chen ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Siyi Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To realize the effective electromagnetic (EM) protection, the demand of large-scale production and desirable flexibility for metamaterial absorber (MA) has been a hotspot. In this work, a flexible MA with the characteristics of textile textured <em>meta</em>-surface, dielectric lossy layer and temperature-strengthened reflective layer is prepared by means of chemical plating and laser-induced graphene (LIG) techniques. Co-Ni metallized CNTs and PEDOT:PSS are combined to form magneto-dielectric synergy for attenuation in medium layer, and the superiorities of fabric as substrate to enhance EM absorption in top layer is validated. The structural parameters of MA are optimized via CST stimulation, and the as-prepared MA exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RL) of −26.4 dB and an effective absorption band (EAB) of 8.0 GHz, with the radar cross section (RCS) bandwidth of 7.4 GHz in the X band (2–18 GHz), delivering a promising potential for radar stealth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109282"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly waterborne polyurethane-based coatings with spontaneously formed gradient distribution architectures achieved absorption-enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding and infrared stealth","authors":"Yi-liang Zou,&nbsp;Chao-qun Wu,&nbsp;Guo-rui Zhang,&nbsp;Xiao-dong Qi,&nbsp;Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and infrared (IR) stealth technologies play crucial role in modern industrial and military fields. However, the secondary pollution of electromagnetic waves (EMWs) generated by reflection-dominated EMI shielding materials is undesirable. Therefore, preparing eco-friendly coatings that integrate electromagnetic protection and thermal camouflage while reducing the EMWs reflectivity through simple methods is of great significance. This paper proposes a straightforward strategy: using tannic acid (TA)-modified MXene as the conductive fillers and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) as the matrix, gradient structure is spontaneously formed within the coatings via a one-step spraying method. The resulting composite coatings achieve excellent EMI shielding effectiveness (37.4 dB) and high absorption coefficient (0.41). Under the synergistic protection of WPU and TA, composite coatings maintain superb EMI shielding performance (retention rate exceeding 93 %) in harsh environments. Due to the low IR emissivity of MXene, composite coatings also exhibit satisfactory IR stealth performance under different temperature fields, which not only achieve ideal camouflage of human body and significant reduction of detection signal in the medium (60 ℃) and high (120 ℃) temperature environments. Finally, benefiting from the adhesive properties of WPU, composite coatings perform outstandingly in both qualitative and quantitative adhesion tests. This study provides important references for the design and fabrication of multifunctional protective coatings in commercial and military applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109297"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145047520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving deformation coordination and comprehensive performance regulation in copper matrix composites via multiscale modified parallel-connected soft/hard region heterostructure design","authors":"Siyuan Guo ,&nbsp;Xiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunsheng Shi ,&nbsp;Dongdong Zhao ,&nbsp;Xudong Rong ,&nbsp;Enzuo Liu ,&nbsp;Chunnian He ,&nbsp;Naiqin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ingenious multi-level structural design demonstrates a more versatile paradigm than single heterostructure modification to reconcile the strength-ductility and strength-conductivity trade-off in Cu materials. In this study, we explore an innovative parallel-connected heterostructure design strategy for graphene/Cu composites utilizing powder metallurgy. The composite comprises hard micro-regions characterized by ultrafine-grained structures containing intragranular carbon nanoparticles, and soft micro-regions composed of coarse-grained structures with intergranular graphene nanoplatelets encapsulating Al₂O₃ particles. This well-balanced heterogeneous system achieves exceptional mechanical properties, exhibiting a yield strength of 460 MPa and an ultimate tensile strength of 515 MPa, along with a remarkable elongation-to-failure of 13 % and a toughness of 65.5 MJ/m³. Microstructure characterization and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that coordinated plastic deformation between the micro-regions can be promoted due to the well-bonded interfacial structure. The parallel-connected heterostructure induces prevailing isotropic hardening and moderate kinetic hardening, which dominates the stable deformation process. The crucial role of balanced dislocation propagation capabilities is confirmed in achieving superior mechanical properties in the parallel-connected heterostructure. Furthermore, the quasi-continuous carrier transmission pathway, created by heterostructure facilitates maintaining high electrical conductivity (90 % IACS). These findings open a novel avenue for enhancing comprehensive performance of composites by simultaneously tailoring the parallel-connected structure and micro-region interfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109296"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of titanium surface treatments on interlaminar fracture toughness in titanium-based carbon-fiber laminates with varied ply angle","authors":"C.H. Wu ,&nbsp;X.Y. Tang ,&nbsp;Z.H. Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the tensile properties and interlaminar behavior of Ti-CF FMLs structures through experimental tests and numerical modeling under various titanium treatment conditions and fiber orientations. SEM and EDS analyses revealed that anodization produces a highly uniform and dense oxide film, which significantly improved interfacial bonding. The tensile response was delineated into three characteristic stages by experimental testing, CLPT model and CDM model, ultimately culminating in a hybrid failure mode that engages both the metal and CF/E composite layers. Specimens with a Ti-0° interface exhibited a mixed failure mode marked by cohesive epoxy failure combined with pronounced fiber bridging, thereby ensuring effective load transfer and energy dissipation during crack propagation. In contrast, specimens with Ti-45° and Ti-90° interfaces predominantly experienced cohesive epoxy failure due to disrupted fiber continuity, resulting in diminished fiber bridging, lower energy absorption, and reduced fracture toughness. The <em>G_Ⅰc</em> values computed by CLPT and extracted via the CCM were compared. CLPT provides reliable predictions at the early stage but diverges from CCM as damage and interface effects become significant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109293"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface structure and characterization analysis of carbon fiber/polypropylene with β-crystals","authors":"Zhihao Yao ,&nbsp;Yixin Qi ,&nbsp;Zixi Li ,&nbsp;Dazhi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interface structure between thermoplastic polypropylene and carbon fiber is crucial for determining the reinforcement effect in the carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene composites (CF/PP). Currently, the controlled regulation and quantitative characterization of different crystal forms within the interfacial crystallization remain unresolved challenges. In this study, carbon fibers were functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and immobilized with varying concentrations of the β-nucleating agents (β-NAs), enabling controlled formation of β-crystals in the transcrystalline (TC) layers. Advanced characterization confirmed tunable β-crystal concentration and morphology. Results demonstrate that increased β-crystal content enhances interfacial shear strength (IFSS). Peak Force Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping (PF-QNM) revealed that enhanced IFSS is primarily attributed to increased interface thickness induced by β-crystal formation. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further elucidated that interfacial crystallization and increased thickness strengthen interfacial interactions at the molecular scale, validating experimental trends. This work provides multiscale evidences for tunable interfacial β-crystals, offering new strategies for designing high-performance CF/PP composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 109294"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}