Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing最新文献

{"title":"Double-layered radar absorbing MWCNT/PDMS composites optimized by genetic algorithm using complex permittivity as a continuous variable","authors":"Seung-Cheol Shin,&nbsp;Myungjin Hong,&nbsp;Sang Eui Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a double-layered radar absorbing material (RAM) with reduced thickness was designed using a multi-walled carbon nanotube-loaded polydimethylsiloxane (MWCNT/PDMS) composite, in which the electromagnetic properties were defined as continuous variables depending on frequency and filler content, and integrated with a genetic algorithm (GA) to achieve full absorption across the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz). Based on percolation theory, a modified power law was proposed to express the complex permittivity of the MWCNT/PDMS RAM as a function of frequency and filler content, considering the frequency-dependent increase in imaginary part of permittivity of PDMS. The modified model was found to accurately predict the dielectric properties of the MWCNT/PDMS RAM under different filler content and frequency. Through this approach, the complex permittivity was defined as a continuous variable rather than a discrete one, allowing the entire range of measured permittivity values as the design space, which led to improved design optimization. GA optimization was performed using both the conventional method based on fixed permittivity values and the modified power law model with continuously defined permittivity. As a result, the thickness of the double-layered MWCNT/PDMS RAM achieving a reflection loss greater than 10 dB across the X-band was reduced by 10 % (from 3.30 mm to 3.00 mm). Therefore, the proposed design methodology demonstrates its effectiveness in developing thinner radar absorbing materials over the full target frequency range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109204"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144723438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable polydopamine-based suspension for scalable surface modification of bamboo fibre–reinforced composites","authors":"Carla N. Schnell ,&nbsp;Grégory Mertz ,&nbsp;Jianqun Hao ,&nbsp;Aart Willem Van Vuure ,&nbsp;Abdelghani Laachachi ,&nbsp;C.A. Fuentes","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of surface modifications on bamboo fibre (BF)-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites (BF/PP) using polydopamine (PDA), polyethyleneimine (PEI), and nanoparticles such as silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and montmorillonite (MMT). Treatments were designed to enhance three critical properties: moisture resistance, thermal stability, and fibre–matrix adhesion. A novel, fast dipping treatment using PDA stabilized with PEI (P/PE) was developed as a scalable alternative to conventional in-situ PDA polymerization. BFs were treated via dopamine polymerization (4 h and 24 h, with and without PEI) and a fast immersion process with P/PE suspension applied for 300 s (referred to as P/PE-300) with and without nanoparticles. Surface characterization, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), confirmed fibre coating across all treatments. Treatments including SiO₂ and MMT nanoparticles reduced the equilibrium moisture content of BFs by 15 % and 11 %, respectively, and improved the onset temperature of thermal degradation (T_onset) under nitrogen atmosphere. Wettability tests showed that the P/PE-300 treatment improved the spreading coefficient, promoting better polymer impregnation. Apparent interfacial shear strength (IFSS) increased by 19 % with P/PE-300, while the addition of nanoparticles further enhanced IFSS by 32 %, attributed to mechanical interlocking. Composites with P/PE-300 treated BFs exhibited a 17 % increase in tensile strength and a 19 % improvement in flexural strength compared to untreated composites, driven by enhanced interfacial adhesion confirmed by micro-computed tomography (µCT). These findings highlight the potential of PDA-based suspensions for advancing sustainable, scalable composite production with enhanced fibre–matrix performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109206"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144702779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning model of plant fiber/PLA composite: Prediction and analysis of mechanical strength","authors":"Fei Yang,&nbsp;Cunyuan Wen,&nbsp;Sheng Zhu,&nbsp;Yucheng Feng,&nbsp;Zhangjie Ye,&nbsp;Huxing Peng,&nbsp;Peilin Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing concern over environmental issues has driven the demand for fully biodegradable materials. Wet-formed plant fiber/PLA composites have emerged as a promising alternative. However, unlike traditional paper, their strength models remain underexplored. This study employs six machine learning algorithms to develop predictive models based on 127 experimental samples, totaling 1,270 data points. The Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR) model excelled in predicting tensile strength (R² = 0.92, RMSE = 0.54), while the Random Forest model was best for bursting strength (R² = 0.92, RMSE = 4.38) and density (R² = 0.96, RMSE = 0.15). Feature importance analysis identified forming and calendering parameters as critical factors. Further analyses with SHAP values and partial dependence plots detailed the influence of input features on outputs. The models were validated with 20 additional samples, demonstrating strong generalization: tensile strength (R² = 0.90, RMSE = 0.44), bursting strength (R² = 0.91, RMSE = 4.56), and density (R² = 0.92, RMSE = 0.06). This research enhances understanding of the strength mechanisms in plant fiber/PLA composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109201"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of high-performance basalt fiber-reinforced polymer composite using a nanocellulose-based surface modification strategy","authors":"Abdulrahman Adeiza Musa ,&nbsp;Junha Park ,&nbsp;Gonui Hong ,&nbsp;Soon Ho Yoon ,&nbsp;Azikiwe Peter Onwualu ,&nbsp;Minkook Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Basalt fibers (BFs) have emerged as a promising alternative reinforcement material for developing fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, due to their lower environmental impact compared with traditional fibers such as carbon and glass. However, the weak interfacial bonding between BFs and the polymer matrix limits the mechanical performance of basalt fiber-reinforced polymers (BFRPs). In this work, nanocelluloses (NCs), including cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), were investigated as bio-based interfacial modifiers to enhance fiber–matrix adhesion and improve the mechanical performance of BFRP. While direct incorporation of NC into epoxy resin is challenging due to its poor dispersibility in hydrophobic media, NCs readily redistribute in water because of their hydrophilic nature. Taking advantages of this property, a grafting technique was developed in which NCs were first dispersed in water and then chemically grafted onto silanol-functionalized BF surface. This novel approach enabled more effective interfacial interaction between the fiber and the matrix. The grafting process was confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured surfaces after the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) test revealed the failure mechanisms. Mechanical testing demonstrated that NC-grafted BFRP composites exhibited significantly enhanced interfacial bonding and mechanical performance compared with conventionally mixed NC–epoxy and unmodified BFRP composites. CNF grafting led to improvements of 24% in tensile strength, 74% in impact resistance, and 61% in ILSS, while CNC grafting resulted in 16%, 79%, and 107% improvements, respectively. This work presents an environmentally friendly approach to enhance BF–matrix bonding strength and improve overall composite performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109191"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ self-assembly from physical fields for recyclable wave-transparent heat-conducting composites","authors":"Qibin Xu,&nbsp;Shengchang Zhang,&nbsp;Yingying Zhao,&nbsp;Lingcheng Meng,&nbsp;Mengjin Jiang,&nbsp;Pengqing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of communication, it seems counterintuitive that materials with high water absorption have high microwave transmittance (MWT) and thermal conductivity (λ). However, utilizing the fluid field generated by water absorption is expected to actively draw particles into the material, thereby facilitating the in situ formation of functional networks. Herein, coupling the fluid field from water absorption and the suction field from vacuum-assisted filtration, functional particles undergo situ self-assembly within the ramie lumen to form a nacre-like brick-and-mortar microstructure. This microstructure enables ramie fiber-reinforced composites with water-absorbing properties to have high MWT and λ. On one hand, by significantly reducing the dipole moment perpendicular to its plane to weaken polarizability, the composite achieves an impressive MWT of 98.5 %. On the other hand, by increasing multi-directional phonon transmission coefficients, both in-plane λ and through-plane λ reach high values of 1.2928 W/mK and 2.0812 W/mK, respectively. Importantly, the waste composite can be fully converted into functional particles, thereby achieving closed-loop recycling. This study provides a novel insight for developing recyclable wave-transparent heat-conducting composites based on absorbent materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109202"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing harmonic grain distribution in graphene-reinforced Cu matrix composites for enhanced strength and electrical conductivity","authors":"Junrui Huang ,&nbsp;Jiajing Liu ,&nbsp;Yubo Zhang ,&nbsp;Xi Yang ,&nbsp;Xin Sun ,&nbsp;Shanhao Du ,&nbsp;Tingju Li ,&nbsp;Tongmin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene-reinforced copper matrix (Gr/Cu) composites typically exhibit high strength and electrical conductivity, with graphene playing a vital role in enhancing electrical conductivity. In this study, Gr/Cu composites with a novel harmonic grain structure were fabricated via in-situ graphene growth and hot-press sintering, and the synergistic effects of the Gr-network and Cu grains on the conductivity were systematically investigated. The harmonic unit consists of fine grains surrounding coarse grains, which is constructed by Gr-network distribution and grain growth. With an optimal harmonic configuration, the Gr/Cu composite achieves exceptional electrical conductivity of 102.70 % IACS, an ultimate tensile strength of 332.64 MPa, and an elongation of 28 %. The continuous three-dimensional Gr-network is crucial for ensuring superior electrical conductivity. Additionally, the harmonic structure minimizes carrier scattering and facilitates improved electrical conductivity. The unique grain distribution in the harmonic configuration also promotes strain delocalization and micro-crack blunting, leading to simultaneous improvements in physical and mechanical properties. These findings highlight the critical role of matrix microstructure and its cascading effect on electrical conductivity, providing a theoretical foundation for advancing conductive mechanisms in metal matrix composites (MMCs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109200"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of electrically aligned carbon nanofiber Z-threading on the fatigue behavior of CFRP composites","authors":"Julkarnyne M. Habibur Rahman ,&nbsp;Pharindra Pathak ,&nbsp;Ryan Warren ,&nbsp;Obaidul Hasan ,&nbsp;Kuang-Ting Hsiao ,&nbsp;Suhasini Gururaja","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A rapid fatigue characterization method using full-field temporal surface temperature measurements has been used to study the effect of microstructural modification in unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics (UD-CFRP) via electrically aligned Z-threaded carbon nanofibers (CNF). 1 wt% CNF were aligned in the Z-direction via electric means using a patented roll-to-roll process, enabling ZT-CNF-CFRP prepreg production. Three configurations were tested under fatigue: ZT-CNF-UD-CFRP (ZTE), UD-CFRPs with Unaligned CNF, and UD-CFRPs without CNF (Control). Mean surface temperatures measured via passive infrared thermography (IRT) was used to estimate the fatigue limit for these materials using a staircase loading method. Further, harmonic analysis of the obtained temporal full-field temperature data was used to monitor the damage evolution. Finally, the fatigue limit was also determined using the residual threshold method based on the second harmonic signal. Fatigue limits obtained for the three configurations via the bi-linear method were 62.36 ± 0.42 % <span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mrow><mi>uts</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> for ZTE, 64.7 ± 1.83 % <span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mrow><mi>uts</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> for Unaligned and 49.29 ± 2.47 % <span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mrow><mi>uts</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> for Control. While the presence of 1 wt% CNF improves the fatigue limit; the effect of Z-threading could not be accurately quantified since the Z-threading manufacturing process was found to increase the matrix content of the composite. CNF Z-threads increased thermal conductivity, enabling better in situ damage monitoring. Different failure modes were found and discussed to understand the roles of CNF in the fatigue behavior of UD-CFRP laminates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109193"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational and experimental investigation into the effects of platelet size and flow on the tensile properties of discontinuous fiber composites","authors":"Troy Nakagawa ,&nbsp;Seunghyun Ko ,&nbsp;William B. Avery ,&nbsp;Jinkyu Yang ,&nbsp;Marco Salviato","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the effects of platelet flow on the tensile properties of Discontinuous Fiber Composites (DFCs) are investigated. A “low” flow condition, where platelets are packed into a square mold, and a “high” flow condition, where platelets are forced to flow into a cavity, are studied. X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) scans are performed to obtain the exact probability distribution of orientations in the coupons. These distributions are then used to generate the DFCs’ random mesostructures for finite element (FE) models. The models are validated against uniaxial tension experiments. The FE models can precisely predict the elastic modulus, strength, and failure locations seen in the experiments. The mesostructure generation allows for the creation of digital DFC coupons that mimic platelet flow conditions. Thus, a better understanding of failure mechanisms of complex DFC systems can be obtained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109170"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wet-spinning and carbonisation of water coagulated lignin/bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane precursor fibres","authors":"Jean Rougé,&nbsp;Anne Beaucamp,&nbsp;Maurice N. Collins","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fibres (CF) find applications as a reinforcement high-performance composite materials due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. Lignin has widely been explored as a replacement to the current commercial petroleum-based CF. While melt-spinning is promising for lignin processing, it challenges large-scale production since 95 % of commercial CF use wet-spinning technique. Here, a cost-effective and scalable spinning method has been developed using a water only coagulation bath to produce fibres from commercially and abundantly available Kraft lignin (KL) and bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). Characterisation of precursor material revealed the strongest lignin-TPU interaction and the highest carbon yield at a 60:40 wt ratio. This optimised composition has been spun through refined process parameters to achieve desired fibre morphology. A tensile strength of 618.2 ± 64.71 MPa, and a tensile modulus of 34.77 ± 5.10 GPa have been achieved at a fibre diameter of 23.8 µm, placing wet-spun lignin-TPU CF as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for non-structural components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109196"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144713076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature dependent fatigue damage evolution of SiCf/SiC composites captured using in-situ X-ray imaging and strain analysis","authors":"Penghui Ma ,&nbsp;Dianyin Hu ,&nbsp;Xi Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Jinchao Pan ,&nbsp;Guican Wang ,&nbsp;Jinquan Deng ,&nbsp;Rongqiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous SiC_f/SiC composites are promising for high-temperature applications, but inherent structural defects compromise their mechanical performance under extreme conditions. This study investigates the fatigue damage mechanisms of SiC_f/SiC composites at room temperature (RT) and 1200 °C using in-situ X-ray computed tomography (X-CT). A deep learning-based image enhancement and segmentation approach was employed to achieve fast and precise reconstruction of internal crack morphology. Additionally, the 3D deformation field under fatigue was monitored by digital volume correlation, revealing stress concentrations linked to crack propagation. Results show temperature-dependent fatigue and damage accumulation behaviour due to both initial defects and high-temperature induced compositional changes. At RT, damage occurs through multiple matrix cracking, bypassing bridging fibres and connecting with longitudinal cracks promoted by initial interfacial defects, leading to failure with a relatively flat fracture surface. At 1200 °C, fibre fractures tend to occur at early stages, and extensive fibre pull-out leads to a rough fracture surface. Notably, fibre–matrix debonding occurs along the PyC-SiC_f interface at RT, while along the PyC-SiC coating interface at 1200 °C. Furthermore, decomposition of SiC_xO_y impurities at 1200 °C increases the crystallinity of <em>β</em>-SiC, which further enhances high-temperature properties of the matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 109197"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}