Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing最新文献

{"title":"Influence of sample size on permeability of carbon–carbon composites with stochastic microstructure","authors":"T. Lavaggi ,&nbsp;J.W. Gillespie Jr. ,&nbsp;P.D. Mulye ,&nbsp;C. Binetruy ,&nbsp;S.G. Advani","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permeability is one of the key parameters for the successful densification of carbon–carbon composites (CCC), as it governs the ability of the matrix precursor to infiltrate the porous carbonized structure. Unlike the case of traditional dry fiber preforms, such as continuous or woven textiles, which exhibit a periodic microstructure having a relatively small representative volume element (RVE), the microstructure of pyrolyzed CCC is far more complex. In CCC a periodic fabric architecture is combined with a matrix that is highly stochastic exhibiting a broad distribution of pore sizes and a network of interconnected transverse cracks within tows and delaminations between layers that extend beyond the fabric intrinsic RVE dimensions. For accurate permeability measurements, the size of a statistically homogenous RVE must be determined.</div><div>In this study, a T800SC 12K 2 x 2 twill weave fabric (RVE size 25 mm²) with MT35700 benzoxazine resin is pyrolyzed to form CCC with 57 % fiber volume fraction and 20 % porosity measured in a previous study. The effect of the sample size on the effective permeability of the pore network developed during pyrolysis for cross-ply laminates having 5 and 33 layers is investigated. The results of experiments on samples of different in-plane dimensions, ranging from 400 to 2000 mm², are compared to numerical simulations of permeability using 70 full-thickness high-resolution computed-tomography (CT) images, with in-plane dimensions of 1.80 by 1.97 mm², as the statistical description of the geometry of the porous microstructure. Monte Carlo simulations are performed on numerical models of the 5 and 33 ply laminates of in-plane dimensions ranging from about 3.5 mm² to 35000 mm². This procedure is used to identify the minimum size of the statistical representative volume element (sRVE) of the CCC microstructure. For a coefficient of variation of 5 %, the size of the sRVE was determined to be 350 mm² for the sample of 5 plies and 130 mm² for the sample of 33 plies. In both cases the sRVE is significantly larger than the RVE of the twill weave. The predicted effective permeability on the sRVE is found to be in agreement with the experimental permeability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109126"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swelling pretreatment to promote the degradation of epoxy composites and retention of carbon fiber properties","authors":"Tianxiang Fan ,&nbsp;Xue Gu ,&nbsp;Yanyan Guo ,&nbsp;Bin Cao ,&nbsp;Jing Xu ,&nbsp;Fuyou Ke ,&nbsp;Ye Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing demand for lightweight materials, carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites have seen rapid growth, leading to significant waste management challenges. The highly cross-linked epoxy matrix limits degradation efficiency, but swelling pretreatment enhances diffusion, accelerating degradation. However, concerns remain regarding volatile solvents, solvent selection and the effects on recovered carbon fibers. In this study, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, optimized using Hansen Solubility Parameters, was employed for swelling pretreatment. The results demonstrated a threefold increase in degradation efficiency while preserving carbon fiber strength from 91.8% to 98.6%. Furthermore, interfacial properties improved, which is crucial for broadening the applications of recycled carbon fibers. These findings highlight the potential of swelling pretreatment in facilitating efficient composite recycling while maintaining properties of carbon fiber, offering a promising route for high-value reuse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109127"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A synergetic approach to enhancing mechanical properties of trace TiB2 particles reinforced AZ91D composites through α-Mg grain refinement and β-Mg17Al12 manipulation","authors":"Zelong Du ,&nbsp;Xueqiang Yang ,&nbsp;Qing Wang ,&nbsp;Hangze Wu ,&nbsp;Kai Zhao ,&nbsp;Lei Liu ,&nbsp;Zongning Chen ,&nbsp;Zhirou Zhang ,&nbsp;Enyu Guo ,&nbsp;Huijun Kang ,&nbsp;Tongmin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cast AZ91D magnesium alloys are plagued by coarse α-Mg grains and continuous β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phases that compromise mechanical performance. This work proposes a TiB₂ particle-reinforced AZ91D composite strategy that simultaneously addresses both challenges through interfacial engineering. Introducing trace 0.3 wt.% TiB₂ particles into the AZ91D alloy enables refinement via coupled heterogeneous nucleation and growth restriction effects. The identified crystallographic orientation relationship (<span><math><msub><mrow><mtext>[11</mtext><mover><mtext>2</mtext><mo>¯</mo></mover><mtext>0]</mtext></mrow><mtext>Mg</mtext></msub><mtext>//</mtext><msub><mrow><mtext>[11</mtext><mover><mtext>2</mtext><mo>¯</mo></mover><mtext>0]</mtext></mrow><msub><mtext>TiB</mtext><mtext>2</mtext></msub></msub></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mtext>(01</mtext><mover><mrow><mtext>1</mtext></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover><mtext>0)</mtext></mrow><mtext>Mg</mtext></msub><mtext>//</mtext><msub><mtext>(0001)</mtext><msub><mtext>TiB</mtext><mtext>2</mtext></msub></msub></mrow></math></span>) confirms effective α-Mg nucleation on TiB₂ interfaces, reducing grain size by 64.4% to 68.2 μm. Concurrently, the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase morphology transitions from a typical continuous network to a dispersed small block or spherical structure through grain boundary pinning effects enabled by the refined microstructure. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of AZ91D with 0.3 wt.% TiB₂ particles are 129.2 MPa, 247.0 MPa, and 8.5%, respectively, which are increased by 9.1%, 26.3%, and 63.4% compared to the particle-free AZ91D alloy. This interfacial design strategy not only deciphers the particle–matrix interaction mechanisms in Mg-based composites but also provides insight into the development of refiners for cast Mg alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109114"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical characterisation of GF-PET composite manufactured via in-situ Solid-State Polymerisation route","authors":"O. Vetterli,&nbsp;R. Krüger,&nbsp;S. Hentzen,&nbsp;G.A. Pappas,&nbsp;P. Ermanni","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The work reported in this short communication focusses on the impact of solid-state polymerisation (SSP) of glass fibre-poly(ethylene terephthalate) (GF-PET) composites, on polymer’s, interface’s, and eventually composite’s performance, characterised through transverse tensile testing. Comparison with a state-of-the-art film stacking process revealed that similar, but also improved mechanical performance can be achieved by composites produced via the in-situ (i.e., at composite lamina level) SSP method. When the polymer is reacted at long intervals to achieve high molecular weights in-situ, a robust fibre-matrix interface is apparently formed, yielding fully cohesive failure of the composite (on fully desized fibres), while the improved polymer’s ductility enhances further the transverse performance. Composite’s ultimate transverse tensile strength saturation was found at a PET intrinsic viscosity of 0.82 dL/g, with values of <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>60</mn></mrow></math></span> MPa, and ultimate strain of <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>82</mn><mtext>%</mtext></mrow></math></span>, with the latter to show a slight increase when the intrinsic viscosity reached 0.95 dL/g, through even-longer SSP times. Thus, the prevalent challenges in thermoplastic reinforced composites, namely high processing viscosity and a weak fibre-matrix interface, are effectively addressed by the developed in-situ SSP route.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109073"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding of contact number among carbon nanofibers in polymer composites: A new insight to govern electron transfer through tunneling zones","authors":"Yasser Zare ,&nbsp;Muhammad Naqvi ,&nbsp;Kyong Yop Rhee","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The contact number between carbon nanofibers (CNFs) predominantly dictates the conductivity of composites; however, the specific parameters influencing the contact number remain unclear. In this paper, an equation is introduced to estimate the average contact number in CNF-filled samples (PCNFs), incorporating novel factors such as CNF concentration, percolation onset, CNF dimensions, curliness, interphase depth, network fraction, and tunneling characteristics (both distance and width). The contact number is computed and analyzed across various real-world samples. Furthermore, the proposed equation is validated by examining the effects of all relevant factors on the contact number. Notably, the contact number approaches zero when the tunneling diameter (<em>d</em>) is less than 7.5 nm or the tunneling distance (<em>λ</em>) exceeds 5.6 nm, but reaches a maximum of 250 at <em>d</em> = 40 nm and <em>λ</em> = 1 nm. This indicates that shorter tunneling distance and bigger contact diameter enhance the contact number. Additionally, the highest contact number of 76 occurs by a CNF radius (<em>R</em>) of 40 nm, while <em>R</em> = 100 nm combined with a CNF length of 30 μm drastically reduce the contact number to zero. Consequently, thinner and longer CNFs provide a higher contact number. Moreover, a lower percolation onset, thicker interphase, reduced CNF waviness, and greater network fraction further contribute to an increase in the contact number improving the PCNF conductivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109124"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ tailored repair of thermoplastic composites by overprinting of continuous carbon fibre reinforced polymer filaments","authors":"Yahui Lyu ,&nbsp;Aonan Li ,&nbsp;Jiang Wu ,&nbsp;Haoqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongmin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes an efficient and convenient in-situ repair approach for damaged thermoplastic composites by 3D overprinting. Continuous carbon fibre reinforced polyphenylene sulphide (CCF/PPS) filament was employed to overprint repair patches onto conventionally manufactured woven polyamide 6 (PA6) laminates. The process window was optimised through thermal analysis of the target polymers, with a temperature range spanning from the melting point of PA6 (216.8°C) to the crystallisation point of PPS (227.6°C). A nominated interface temperature of 220 °C was evidenced as the most effective, raising the tensile strength of repaired specimens to 205.9 MPa, an improvement of 35 % compared to open-hole laminates and a recovery of nearly 50 % of the strength lost relative to undamaged specimens. Additionally, bio-inspired spider web printing paths were tailored for static indention loading, restoring 94 % of the original laminate strength while reducing material usage by 67 % compared to conventional unidirectional patches. This novel overprinting approach offers a highly efficient and flexible solution for repairing damaged thermoplastic structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109117"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compressive behaviour of uni-directional carbon fibre-reinforced pultruded profiles with manufacturing-induced fuzz ball defects","authors":"O.V. Ferguson ,&nbsp;J. Rifai ,&nbsp;M.R. Wisnom ,&nbsp;J.B. Jørgensen ,&nbsp;L.P. Mikkelsen","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we quantify the detrimental effects of manufacturing-induced defects in pultruded profiles intended for the manufacture of wind turbine spar caps. An artificial fuzz ball defect is used as a case study for embedded defects causing severe localised fibre misalignments in the profile. The impact of embedded defects on the fibre structure is characterised from micrographs. Fibre volume fraction and orientation distributions are determined using segmentation techniques and the structure tensor method, respectively. We characterise the compressive strain to failure for the pristine- and defected material using a four-point bending test. A sandwich beam design is proposed to obtain compressive strain across the profile thickness and to mitigate the risk of load introduction failure when testing thick carbon fibre-reinforced pultruded profiles. The artificial fuzz ball defects are positioned near the surface of the profile; however, parts of the defect are submerged, effectively splitting the material into thin and thick sections with through-thickness fibre misalignments up to 15°. Furthermore, the embedded defect pushes surrounding fibres aside, resulting in a 20<!--> <!-->% increase in local fibre volume fractions. All pristine beams fail due to load introduction challenges, while beams with embedded artificial fuzz ball defects fail in the gauge area, where failure is associated with fibre splitting and kink band failure. A 71<!--> <!-->% reduction in the compressive strain to failure at the surface of the beam is reported between the pristine- and defected material. Thus, a significant impact of the artificial fuzz ball defect in carbon fibre-reinforced pultruded profiles is evident.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109059"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface repair of carbon fiber via direct fluorination and its advanced composites","authors":"Junwei Lyu ,&nbsp;Xinyi Huang ,&nbsp;Boya Liu ,&nbsp;Qihong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuntian Lai ,&nbsp;Ruke Lin ,&nbsp;Xueming Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface defect and insufficient interfacial combination become non-negligible issues for limiting mechanical strength of carbon fiber and their composites. Utilizing long-term radical among sizing agent induced by direct fluorination, it is found that fluorinated sizing agent on carbon fiber could be naturally grafted onto fiber surface as in-situ contacting, which highly improved its tensile strength over 10%. Utilizing the nucleophilic substitution reaction between C-F bonds and amine-cured epoxy resin, fluorinated carbon fiber surface formed controlled covalent bonding in resin-based composite interface. Molecular Dynamics (MD) and mechanical experiments simultaneously revealed the optimized stress transfer was mainly contributed by covalent-interface provided synchronous deformation and resulted stress response, thus the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), flexural strength and modulus of fluorinated carbon fiber reinforced composites respectively increased by 32.8%, 10.0% and 38.5% at maximum. Besides, due to the covalent interface highly reduced its free volume, composite saturated water uptake decreased to 0.63% thus its mechanical retention after hygrothermal aging reached 92.7%, and the interfacial thermal resistance also decreased to obtain much better heat disspation capacity than before. Therefore, direct fluorination provided a large-scaled route for manufacturing advanced carbon fiber and its composites towards potential challenges in future application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109121"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-step strengthening: Assist in enhancing the strength and maintaining plasticity of TiBw/TC4 composites","authors":"Chenglin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xian Luo ,&nbsp;Zeyang Wu ,&nbsp;Hang Zou ,&nbsp;Rui Hu ,&nbsp;Nizhi Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The long-term demand for high strength and high toughness drives the development of titanium matrix composites (TMCs). In this work, the room temperature mechanical properties of TiB_w/TC4 composites prepared by two-step low-energy ball milling and vacuum hot-pressing sintering (HPS) were successfully improved by two-step strengthening strategy. The synergistic optimization of strength and plasticity was achieved by using the grain bimodal heterogeneous design combined with the quenching and aging heat treatment process. The tensile strength and elongation of the as-HPSed composite with 10 wt% coarse-grained TC4 (CG) are 1129 MPa and 4.3 %, respectively, which are 17.2 % and 38.7 % higher than those of the TC4 matrix. After 910 ℃/1h quenching and 500 ℃/6h aging treatment, the composite exhibits more excellent comprehensive properties. The tensile strength is increased to 1202.5 MPa and the elongation still keeps to be 4.1 %. At the same time, the fracture toughness is 31.2 MPa <span><math><mrow><msqrt><mrow><mtext>m</mtext></mrow></msqrt></mrow></math></span>, which is 37.4 % higher than that of the untreated homogeneous composite. The strengthening mechanism analysis reveals that the synergistic effect of grain boundary strengthening, load transfer strengthening and dislocation strengthening is the key to strength improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109115"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144279282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sandwich-structured flexible carbon fiber with RGO/CoFe2O4 electromagnetic synergistic enhancement for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption and thermal management","authors":"Huiyang Jiang,&nbsp;Ying Huang,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Zhao,&nbsp;Honghang Zhu,&nbsp;Hanjie Huang,&nbsp;Meng Zong","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although traditional ferrite wave-absorbing materials demonstrate excellent magnetic loss capabilities, they suffer from high density, dependence on a single magnetic loss mechanism, and impedance mismatch in the high-frequency range. These factors significantly limit their application in lightweight equipment and broadband stealth technologies. Therefore, it is particularly important to combine ferrite with other materials to enhance its wave-absorbing properties and reduce the overall density of the composite.This study successfully fabricated composite films of CNF-CoFe₂O₄ (CC), CNF-RGO (CR), and CNF-(CoFe₂O₄/RGO) (CCR) using electrospinning technology, where CNF serves as the substrate loaded with magnetic CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles and dielectric RGO. On one hand, the electrospun films, composed of high-aspect-ratio CNF and compressed into multilayered stacking configurations, enhance the effective absorption area and promote multiple reflections and interfacial effects of electromagnetic waves within the CNF matrix, contributing to conductive and polarization relaxation losses. On the other hand, the magnetic CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles result in eddy current and resonance losses. The formulated S1 sample exhibits a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −38 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.4 GHz, while achieving a high thermal conductivity of 4.983 W/(m·K), thereby enhancing the material’s versatility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 109120"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}