Continuous carbon fibre reinforced 3D-printed composites: impact damage and compression after impact (CAI) performance

IF 8.1 2区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109097

Ozan Can Zehni , Jiaqi Xu , Tristan Lowe , Eddie Whitehouse , Akın Ataş

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the impact behaviour and Compression After Impact (CAI) performance of 3D-printed continuous carbon fibre-reinforced Onyx matrix composites with unidirectional (UD) and cross-ply (CP) layups. Improving the impact damage resistance and tolerance of these composites requires a comprehensive understanding of the internal damage mechanisms. To address this, X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is used to gain novel insights of the internal damage following low-velocity impact events. Specimens were printed using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technique using a Markforged® Mark Two desktop printer. Impact testing was performed using an Instron Ceast 9350 drop-weight impact machine. The Boeing CAI fixture was employed for the CAI testing with an anti-buckling guide to prevent buckling and maintain specimen stability. The X-ray CT scanning was conducted using a Nikon Xtek high flux bay.

X-ray CT scans identified delamination as the predominant damage mechanism in all configurations, with the cross-ply layups experiencing more extensive damage. The extent of damage in the UD ([Onyx₄/0°₈/Onyx₄]) and CP1 ([Onyx₄/90°₂/0°₄/90°₂/Onyx₄]) specimens was greater in the lower layers, away from the impacted surface. In the CP2 specimens ([Onyx₄/0°₂/90°₄/0°₂/Onyx₄]), however, greater delamination was observed closer to the impacted surface. This difference was due to the relatively higher bending stiffness, as the CP2 specimens have 0° layers positioned closer to the top and bottom surfaces. The CAI tests revealed a reduction in strength of impacted specimens compared to non-impacted ones, with decreases of 6 % for UD, 13 % for CP1, and 20 % for CP2, while delamination led to similar CAI strength values between impacted CP1 and CP2 configurations. The findings underscore the significance of stacking sequence in determining the impact performance of 3D-printed composites.

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连续碳纤维增强3d打印复合材料：冲击损伤和冲击后压缩（CAI）性能

本研究旨在研究具有单向（UD）和交叉层（CP）的3d打印连续碳纤维增强玛瑙基复合材料的冲击行为和冲击后压缩（CAI）性能。提高这些复合材料的抗冲击损伤和耐冲击损伤能力需要对其内部损伤机制有全面的了解。为了解决这个问题，使用x射线计算机断层扫描（CT）来获得低速撞击事件后内部损伤的新见解。使用Markforged®Mark Two桌面打印机，使用熔融长丝制造（FFF）技术打印标本。使用Instron Ceast 9350落锤式冲击试验机进行冲击试验。采用波音CAI夹具进行CAI测试，采用抗屈曲导轨防止屈曲，保持试样的稳定性。使用尼康Xtek高通量舱进行x射线CT扫描。x射线CT扫描发现分层是所有构型中主要的损伤机制，交叉层的损伤范围更广。UD （[Onyx4/0°8/Onyx4]）和CP1 （[Onyx4/90°2/0°4/90°2/Onyx4]）试样的损伤程度在远离冲击面的下层更大。然而，在CP2试样（[Onyx4/0°2/90°4/0°2/Onyx4]）中，在靠近撞击表面处观察到更大的分层现象。这种差异是由于相对较高的抗弯刚度，因为CP2试件的0°层靠近顶部和底部表面。CAI测试显示，与未受冲击的试样相比，受冲击试样的强度降低了，UD降低了6%，CP1降低了13%，CP2降低了20%，而分层导致受冲击CP1和CP2构型之间的CAI强度值相似。研究结果强调了堆叠顺序在确定3d打印复合材料的冲击性能方面的重要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

15.20

自引率

5.70%

发文量

492

审稿时长

30 days

期刊介绍： Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing is a comprehensive journal that publishes original research papers, review articles, case studies, short communications, and letters covering various aspects of composite materials science and technology. This includes fibrous and particulate reinforcements in polymeric, metallic, and ceramic matrices, as well as 'natural' composites like wood and biological materials. The journal addresses topics such as properties, design, and manufacture of reinforcing fibers and particles, novel architectures and concepts, multifunctional composites, advancements in fabrication and processing, manufacturing science, process modeling, experimental mechanics, microstructural characterization, interfaces, prediction and measurement of mechanical, physical, and chemical behavior, and performance in service. Additionally, articles on economic and commercial aspects, design, and case studies are welcomed. All submissions undergo rigorous peer review to ensure they contribute significantly and innovatively, maintaining high standards for content and presentation. The editorial team aims to expedite the review process for prompt publication.