{"title":"Damage detection analysis of 3D braided carbon fiber composites with electro-mechanical behavior","authors":"Tianwei Wu, Gen Li, Bohong Gu, Baozhong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The real-time detection of damage is critical for ensuring the safe application of 3D braided carbon fiber composites (3DBCFC) in both aviation and civilian sectors. In this study, we conducted an electro-mechanical behavior analysis of 3DBCFC using data processing tools to quantify various types of damage. The electro-mechanical behavior data were experimentally measured under tensile conditions. The damage detection capability of different electrical current injection methods was also experimentally validated. A mesoscale finite element model was utilized to investigate the damage mechanism of 3DBCFC under tension. Data processing tools, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering (k-MC), were employed to quantify the different types of damage. The study revealed that oblique current injection provided more comprehensive electrical information, making it more effective for damage detection. The electrical signals obtained through oblique current injection could be processed using data tools to quantify damage in 3DBCFC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 108593"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yue Wang , Jialiang Luo , Gazi Hao , Jun Di , Guigao Liu , Suwei Wang , Wei Jiang
{"title":"3D printing of graphene frameworks decorated with magnetic components for enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding","authors":"Yue Wang , Jialiang Luo , Gazi Hao , Jun Di , Guigao Liu , Suwei Wang , Wei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-dimensional (3D) printed graphene frameworks with structural designability and compositional tunability offer new opportunities for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications. However, advanced EMI shielding materials with customizable structures and magnetic responsiveness remain a challenge. Herein, we construct lightweight and structurally controllable 3D reduced graphene oxide frameworks decorated with magnetic components (MRGO frameworks) via 3D printing technology to tailor EMI shielding properties. By adjusting the preparation conditions of the MRGO frameworks, such as inter-filament spacing, composition, and pyrolysis temperature, the graphitization degree and transmission paths are influenced, enabling electrical conductivity and magnetic property, and ensuring excellent EMI shielding performance. Specifically, the average EMI shielding effectiveness of the MRGO framework in the K-band and Ka-band is 44.95 dB and 53.90 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the 3D MRGO frameworks follow a reflection-dominated EMI shielding mechanism. This work provides insights into the development of EMI shielding materials through structural design and compositional optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 108588"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Devang Tavkari, Vishnu V. Ganesan, Sandesh Amgai, Ankur Jain, Paul Davidson
{"title":"Thermal characterization of Xenon-Arc flash lamp heating system for automated fiber placement (AFP) of thermoplastic composites","authors":"Devang Tavkari, Vishnu V. Ganesan, Sandesh Amgai, Ankur Jain, Paul Davidson","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a systematic experimental and simulations-based characterization of key thermal aspects of the arc-flash lamp based AFP heating is presented. Ex-situ measurements of heat flux output from the flash lamp as well as the resulting temperature field on a material sample are carried out in a geometry representative of actual manufacturing conditions, using a heat flux sensor and infrared thermography. A thermal simulation model is developed to predict the temperature field resulting from the measured heat flux data. Good agreement is found between experimental data and simulation predictions. This work contributes towards developing a fundamental understanding of heat transfer processes during AFP manufacturing. Data presented here may be of broad benefit to AFP-related research, and may contribute towards process design and optimization in order to further expand the capabilities of this promising additive manufacturing technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 108568"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tianze Wang , Hui Chi , Danying Zhao , Junguo Dong , Ming Li , Zhenhua Jiang , Yunhe Zhang
{"title":"A highly thermally conductive yet electrically insulating boron nitride nanosheets/polyetherimide composite with oriented structure","authors":"Tianze Wang , Hui Chi , Danying Zhao , Junguo Dong , Ming Li , Zhenhua Jiang , Yunhe Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the continuous development of semiconductor technology and the rapid increase in power density of modern electronic devices, there is an urgent need for a thermal interface material (TIM) with ultra-high heat dissipation capacity and excellent electrical insulation. Here, we report a new embedded series strategy for preparing thermal interface materials. Firstly, ultra-thin boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) are continuously and neatly embedded into oriented fibers by electrospinning to form an ordered series structure. These composite fibers are then stacked into multiple layers and simply compacted to form a dense structure. Finally, by controlling the hot pressing temperature to confine the movement of oriented fibers, the activated molecular chain segments move in confined space to prepare a composite with oriented structure. The composite provides a reliable conduction path for phonons by embedding neatly arranged BNNS in oriented structure. The composites prepared by this strategy have higher thermal anisotropy (λ<sub>=</sub>/λ<sub>⊥</sub> = 7.16) and in-plane thermal conductivity (3.08 W/(m·K), BNNS Loading: 30 wt%), and also exhibit better electrical insulation (8.16 × 10<sup>15</sup> Ω·cm) than those prepared by solution coating and hot pressing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 108581"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shih-Feng Tseng , Han-Ting Tsai , Chang-Chun Lee , Chil-Chyuan Kuo
{"title":"Laser-induced nano-Ag/graphene composites for highly responsive flexible strain sensors","authors":"Shih-Feng Tseng , Han-Ting Tsai , Chang-Chun Lee , Chil-Chyuan Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this focused on laser-induced nano-Ag/graphene composites were evaluated as an electrode layer for highly responsive flexible strain sensors. The dimension of Ag nanoparticles was adjusted using potassium hydroxide (KOH) at different concentrations. Moreover, the characteristics of laser-induced nano-Ag/graphene composites were examined by scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The performance of the proposed sensor was tested using a single-column universal test equipment combined with a precision electrical meter. The 6 M KOH nano-Ag/graphene-based strain sensor had large gauge factors of 23.1 under a micro-strain of 0.0042 % and 492.95 under a 16 % strain. Furthermore, the strain sensor under 10 cycles of stretching/releasing demonstrated excellent linearity, repeatability, and stability of response in different strain ranges of 1 % to 13 % at 2 % intervals. The sensor under 3 % and 5 % strain for 1000 cycles of stretching/releasing tests exhibited good stability and durability. The proposed sensor used to detect wind turbine blade deformation exhibited better response performance. The developed sensor holds a great application potential in real-time monitoring of the structural health of bridges and deformation of railway tracks, tracking human movement, identifying hill slides, assessing fatigue of mechanical components, etc.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 108586"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chuan Liu, Shu-Gen Wu, Jie-Hao He, Xin Li, Zhen Qin, Dong-Yi He, Yan-Fang Xiao, Yi Wang, Yu-Zhong Wang, Li Chen
{"title":"Interface engineering of MXene towards highly fire-safe epoxy resin with enhanced thermal conductivity","authors":"Chuan Liu, Shu-Gen Wu, Jie-Hao He, Xin Li, Zhen Qin, Dong-Yi He, Yan-Fang Xiao, Yi Wang, Yu-Zhong Wang, Li Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of superior flame retardancy and enhanced thermal conductivity of epoxy resins (EP) is highly desirable for practical applications. Herein, novel organophosphorus-decorated MXene hybrid flame retardant (PMXene) was prepared by the interface engineering between melamine diphenylphosphinate (MDP) and two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene). With the loading of 6.0 wt% PMXene, the EP/6.0PMXene material achieved a V-0 rating during the UL 94 testing besides the high limiting oxygen index (35.2 %). Cone calorimetric results revealed that the peak of heat release, peak of smoke release rate and smoke factor values of EP/6.0PMXene were reduced by 36.6 %, 27.6 % and 48.6 %, respectively, in comparison with those of pristine EP. Besides, the PMXene hybrid enhanced the thermal conductivity of EP to 0.38 W/m·K, a 52.0 % improvement over pristine EP. Thus, this work provides a novel strategy for fabricating thermosetting materials with high fire-safety and enhanced thermal conductivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 108585"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaofeng Yu , Zheng Xu , Yaobin Lu , Li Yang , Shihao Sun , Miao Du , Min Zuo , Qiang Zheng
{"title":"Effects of selective distribution of poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted graphene oxide on the phase behavior and conductivity of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(vinyl acetate) blends","authors":"Xiaofeng Yu , Zheng Xu , Yaobin Lu , Li Yang , Shihao Sun , Miao Du , Min Zuo , Qiang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of selective distribution of two kinds of poly (methyl methacrylate)-grafted graphene oxide (PMMA-<em>g</em>-GO) nanosheets (NSs) on the phase behavior and conductivity of PMMA/poly (vinyl acetate) (PVAc) blends is investigated. The grafting density and length of two modified GO NSs are different, resulting in their thermodynamic equilibrium location in the blend matrix, but their initial locations are both in the PVAc-rich phase with low viscosity. The PMMA-<em>g</em>-GO(6 k) NSs with the sparse mushroom-like grafted PMMA chains gradually migrate to the interface of blend matrix and aggregate to form the conductive network, resulting in the suppression of domain coarsening and long-term maintenance of co-continuous morphology. The grafted chains on the surface of PMMA-<em>g</em>-GO(58 k) NSs exhibit the screened wet brush and the PMMA matrix chains can penetrate with the grafted chains, resulting in the location in the PMMA-rich phase. Two modified GO NSs filled PMMA/PVAc nanocomposites can occur the conductive percolation and such activation energies are higher than those of flow for PMMA and PVAc, indicating that the interactions between modified GO and polymer components may restrict the aggregation of conductive modified GO NSs at the interface or in the PMMA-rich phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 108563"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengzhou Zhao, Terence Macquart, Benjamin K.S. Woods
{"title":"WrapToR composite truss joints: Concept introduction and coaxial joint analysis and demonstration","authors":"Mengzhou Zhao, Terence Macquart, Benjamin K.S. Woods","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the development of coaxial continuously wound joint structures for Wrapped Tow Reinforced (WrapToR) trusses, which are carbon fibre composite lattice beams fabricated through a unique winding process. WrapToR truss beams have shown very high levels of performance as beam-like structures, but their usefulness can be greatly extended by using them as members within hierarchical space frames, which can be made into more geometrically complex and generally useful structures. However, the key challenge lies in creating effective joint structures able to connect together multiple WrapToR beams of different sizes and orientations. This paper addresses this challenge by presenting a modified WrapToR winding process which enables three-dimensional winding of arbitrary space frame joints, with an initial focus here on a proof of concept coaxial joint. This includes the design and manufacturing of a coaxial joint demonstrator and the development of a finite element analysis tool to predict its mechanical performance. A cantilevered beam structure combining this joint with two different sizes of WrapToR truss is built and tested, showing high levels of bending rigidity and good agreement with numerical prediction. Following this, the analysis tool is used to explore the achievable design space for coaxial WrapToR joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 108573"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Celia Katharina Falkenreck , Jan-Christoph Zarges , Hans-Peter Heim , Michael Seitz , Christian Bonten
{"title":"Degradation of regenerated cellulose fiber-reinforced bio-polyamide in hydrothermal environment","authors":"Celia Katharina Falkenreck , Jan-Christoph Zarges , Hans-Peter Heim , Michael Seitz , Christian Bonten","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural fiber composites (NFC) have been used in an increasing number of applications in the last decade, due to their lightweight potential and good environmental impact. However, an increased use in areas where water or other fluids are present, requires an in-depth understanding of how the NFC behave under the influence of moisture. For this reason, the degradation of a bio-based polyamide (PA5.10) reinforced with regenerated cellulose fibers under a hydrothermal influence was investigated. The increased temperatures accelerate the aging processes of PA5.10, which could be demonstrated by the decrease in tensile strength and the change in rheometric properties, as well as in the FTIR spectrum. Furthermore, chain splitting processes due to hydrolytic and thermo-oxidative aging could be detected. With the help of a hydrolysis stabilizer based on carbodiimides and a polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride as a coupling agent, the resistance and the fiber–matrix–adhesion could be improved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 108584"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bangde Liu , Sérgio Costa , Xin Liu , Dennis Wilhelmsson , Xiaodong Jia
{"title":"Obtaining the longitudinal compressive response of unidirectional laminate composites from fiber misalignment micrographs through machine learning","authors":"Bangde Liu , Sérgio Costa , Xin Liu , Dennis Wilhelmsson , Xiaodong Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.compositesa.2024.108574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The longitudinal compressive behavior of unidirectional composite laminates with fiber waviness is highly complex and plays a crucial role in determining final failure of composites. Evaluating this behavior, especially considering nonlinear failure mechanisms like kink-band formation, typically requires computationally expensive finite element analysis, which is impractical for large-scale quality inspection. To address computational challenges, this paper develops a new computational framework using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, providing an ultra-efficient prediction of the entire stress–strain curve of composites with fiber waviness. The CNN models were trained on simulation data generated from an experimentally validated mesoscale finite element model. The microstructures of the composites with fiber waviness were taken from realistic micrographs, resulting in diverse stress–strain curves. The proposed CNN models showed high accuracy and efficiency for predicting the highly nonlinear stress–strain curves of the composites, which can be employed as a real-time evaluation method of the criticality of fiber waviness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":282,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 108574"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}