Qianshan Shao , Wenyun Pan , Qiao Liang , Chunxiao Li , Fei Zhang , Yuyu Yang , Shihan Liu , Guang Chen , Baolei Fan
{"title":"Design of a dual-function prodrug fluorescence probes for melanoma detection and anticancer drug release","authors":"Qianshan Shao , Wenyun Pan , Qiao Liang , Chunxiao Li , Fei Zhang , Yuyu Yang , Shihan Liu , Guang Chen , Baolei Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melanoma is a common malignant tumor, and its accurate detection and treatment are very important in the early stage of the tumor. However, there is no fluorescent probe that can simultaneously detect and treat melanoma. Here, we developed a novel prodrug fluorescent probe (OAC) that can not only visually track tyrosinase in melanoma but also release anticancer drugs on demand. First, when the probe detects tyrosinase, its fluorescence signal changes from blue to green and makes melanoma visible. Secondly, the detected melanoma is subjected to precise light irradiation to induce the release of anticancer drugs. This process is accompanied by a fluorescence transition from green to blue (signal 2), which can monitor drug release in real time. Therefore, the probe can not only detect melanoma in real time, but also release anticancer drugs to kill cancer cells. Furthermore, the probe has high affinity (K<sub>m</sub> = 30 μM), high selectivity and low detection limit (0.05 U/mL) for tyrosinase. We also found that the probe showed high phototoxicity in HeLa cells. Finally, we hope that the prodrug fluorescent probe can become an effective tool for biomedical diagnosis and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 4","pages":"Article 100500"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qifan Su , Xiaoyu Chen , Xiaoming Zhang , Liangwei Wang , Guanghui Deng , Zhilang Xie , Wei Xiang , Junjie Qiu , Linfeng Shi , Junchao Zeng , Xiaojun Chen , Jiaqi Wu , Houyin Shi
{"title":"Exploring the potential pharmacological mechanism of Huiyang Zhitong plaster in treating knee osteoarthritis through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation","authors":"Qifan Su , Xiaoyu Chen , Xiaoming Zhang , Liangwei Wang , Guanghui Deng , Zhilang Xie , Wei Xiang , Junjie Qiu , Linfeng Shi , Junchao Zeng , Xiaojun Chen , Jiaqi Wu , Houyin Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative disease of the joints, and the Huiyang Zhitong Plaster (HYZTP) formulation exhibits distinct therapeutic advantages in the clinical treatment of KOA. However, the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of HYZTP remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of HYZTP in the treatment of KOA. Methods: The active components and targets of HYZTP were identified from the TCMSP database, and the KOA-related genes were retrieved from the GeneCards database, Therapeutic Target Database (TDD) database, and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database. The potential targets related to both HYZTP and KOA were identified using the online Venny tool. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was performed using the online STRING data analysis tool, and the network was optimized using Cytoscape. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were additionally performed using the Oebiotech cloud platform. The interactions between the core targets and active components of HYZTP were investigated by molecular docking, and animal experiments were conducted for investigating the mechanism of action of HYZTP in the treatment of KOA. Results: A total of 138 active components of HYZTP, which are associated with its therapeutic effect in the treatment of KOA, were identified by integrating the results of database search. Of the 129 targets, 39 key genes were found to be significantly enriched in the TNF, IL-17, HIF-1, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. The results of molecular docking revealed that the key components of HYZTP, namely, beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, exhibited a favorable binding potential for the targets in the TNF signaling pathway, including TNF-<em>α</em>, IL-1<em>β</em>, and AKT1. Further histopathological analysis revealed that HYZTP repaired cartilage damage in a rabbit model of KOA. The results of western blotting revealed that the expression levels of TNF-<em>α</em>, RIP1, CASP3, and BAX proteins were downregulated in the knee joint cartilage of the HYZTP group, compared to those of the model group. Conclusion: HYZTP likely hinders the progression of KOA by inhibiting the TNF signaling pathway and suppressing cellular apoptosis. The study provides novel insights into the underlying pharmacological mechanism of HYZTP in the treatment of KOA, providing a foundation for further research into the clinical applications of HYZTP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 4","pages":"Article 100492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preparation and thermal properties of organic phase change energy storage materials","authors":"Juanjuan YANG , Xiaoliang WANG","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By integrating lauric acid and palmitic acid as base materials and adding coke powder as a thermal conductivity enhancer, this study aims to develop efficient organic phase change energy storage materials and comprehensively evaluate their thermal properties. The thermal conductivity of the material was optimized by using a melt mixing process and adjusting the coke powder ratio. The thermal stability and thermogravimetric characteristics of the material were analyzed in detail using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) techniques. In addition, the selection of nucleating agents and the influence of the ratio of lauric acid to palmitic acid on the supercooling phenomenon of materials were also explored. The thermal stability of the material was further verified through multiple thermal cycling tests. The research results indicate that the material with a 15% coke powder content has the best thermal conductivity and exhibits good thermal stability. Under the condition of adding 1% sodium hexametaphosphate as a nucleating agent and a ratio of lauric acid to palmitic acid of 8:2, the supercooling problem of the material was effectively solved. After 100 thermal cycles, the thermal performance of the material remains stable, demonstrating its enormous potential as a long-term energy storage material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 6","pages":"Article 100491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new coumaric acid diglucoside-sebacic acid glycoside heterozygote compound in Butea monosperma","authors":"Qianghua YUAN , Jun HAN","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new heterozygote compound (<strong>3</strong>) of coumaric acid diglucoside and sebacic acid glycoside and two known compounds (<strong>1, 2</strong>) were isolated from the seeds of <em>Butea monosperma</em>. Then, their chemical structures were identified by detailed spectral analysis, including 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. In addition, the antitumor activity study showed that compound <strong>2</strong> had a significant inhibitory effect on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell line MDA-MB-231, and its IC<sub>50</sub> value was 1.546 μmol/L.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 3","pages":"Article 100499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Han XU , Xiang CHU , Jing XU , Meng ZHAO , Lin PENG , Lingling ZHANG , Xiao WANG
{"title":"Application of nanoscale CeO2 as Fenton-like catalyst in the field of environment and bioscience","authors":"Han XU , Xiang CHU , Jing XU , Meng ZHAO , Lin PENG , Lingling ZHANG , Xiao WANG","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fenton reaction has been regarded as one of the most potent ways to cost-efficiently degrade organic contaminants and cure cancer by inducing cell apoptosis and necrosis. However, commercial Fe-base catalysts and natural enzymes are suffering from high costs and low durability. Exploring a new catalyst for reducing cost and avoiding secondary pollution is demanding. Recent research illustrates that CeO<sub>2</sub> owns a specific oxygen vacancy structure and Ce<sup>3+</sup>/Ce<sup>4+</sup> redox cycle, which is thought to be the origin of Fenton-like reaction activities. Significantly, inducing heteroatoms promotes the concentration of oxygen vacancy and Ce<sup>3+</sup> ions, and the electrons transfer between Ce and heteroatoms accelerates the redox cycles. The broad reaction pH value and low biotoxicity endow CeO<sub>2</sub> with enormous potential in organic pollutants’ disposal and artificial enzyme for healthcare. Because of their excellent stability, Ce-base catalysts are more accessible for storage and transformation than natural enzymes. Meanwhile, electro-/photochemistry technologies are believed to reduce subsequent pollution and potentially be applied in biology fields. This review focuses on the Fenton-like reaction process and its application in environmental engineering and life science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 3","pages":"Article 100501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143428719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fatimazohra LENDA , Mohammed ER-RAJY , Asmae El CADI , Hamada IMTARA , Farhate GUENOUN , Hassan ALLOUCHI , Somdutt MUJWAR , Khalid NAJOUI , Omar M. NOMAN , Jean MARTINEZ , Frédéric LAMATY , Menana ELHALLAOUI
{"title":"Molecular docking, dynamic molecular simulation and in silico ADMET screening study of novel bidentate tetrazolyl-adipate anti-HIV drugs candidate","authors":"Fatimazohra LENDA , Mohammed ER-RAJY , Asmae El CADI , Hamada IMTARA , Farhate GUENOUN , Hassan ALLOUCHI , Somdutt MUJWAR , Khalid NAJOUI , Omar M. NOMAN , Jean MARTINEZ , Frédéric LAMATY , Menana ELHALLAOUI","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to develop specific inhibitors of CYP3A4, we chose new derivatives of adipic acid the 2,5-(5-aryl tetrazol-2yl) dimethyl adipate L<sub>1</sub>-L<sub>5</sub>. During this study, the Ritonavir molecule known as inhibitor of the cytochrome CYP3A4 are chosen as a reference. A molecular docking simulation on the enzyme 7UAZ is conducted for the ligands L<sub>1</sub>-L<sub>5</sub>, in order to study the predictive binding affinity and the interaction mechanism of the 5-aryltetrazolyl substituents introduced at positions 2 and 5 of adipic acid. A molecular docking study revealed that the relative activation energy level ranged from –10.1 to –7.6 kcal/mol, falling within the range of Ritonavir at –9.0 kcal/mol, which confirms the stability of the ligands within the studied enzyme. The results show that the binding mode of the ligands on the enzyme 7UAZ varies significantly depending on the substituent at the -C5 position of the tetrazole, with the best results obtained for the ligands L<sub>2</sub> and L<sub>5</sub>. Then a comparative study based on silico ADMET properties selected only L<sub>2</sub> as a potential inhibitor of CYP3A4. A 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation on the ligand-protein complex highlights the stability of ligand L<sub>2</sub> within the 7UAZ protein.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 3","pages":"Article 100498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Waleed N. Al-DARKAZALI , Sara S. HAMOOD , Nassim ALDAHER , Nazar Sattar HARBI
{"title":"Studying the effect of using metal oxide nanofluids on the performance of a single-tube heat exchanger","authors":"Waleed N. Al-DARKAZALI , Sara S. HAMOOD , Nassim ALDAHER , Nazar Sattar HARBI","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preparation of aluminum oxide from nanofluid (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O) in three different concentrations using a two-step method was achieved by using an atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM images showed that the nanoparticles took on a spherical shape with a range of average diameters and density within the range of 45–55 nm.</div><div>Polyacrylamide (PAAM) was used as a dispersion and suspension agent for aluminum oxide nanoparticles in distilled water at various concentrations (250, 500, 750, 1000) ppm during preparation, followed by determination of the polymer ratio for each sample during preparation, stability assessment by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer in the wavelength field (200–700) nm for 10 days, and analysis of sample Alumina nanoparticles by dispersion and suspension agent by high-pressure polymers tended M25 resulting in the highest concentrations of the given concentration. By increasing the PAAM concentration, the dispersion and stability of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles in distilled water appear to be improved, and concentrations of 0.25% seemed to be more evenly dispersed and stable over time, with minor sedimentation compared to (0.1%, 0.05%) vol concentrations, where the absorbance peak decreased by 5.5% despite the increase in size of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles and their aggregations, while the absorbance peak in the previous concentrations decreased by (14.2% and 8.8%), respectively of the two previous concentrations of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.</div><div>The study of PAAM polymers demonstrated that their rheological properties were not Newtonian, owing to a higher concentration of the polymer, resulting in viscosity results that resembled non-Newtonian polysaccharides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 3","pages":"Article 100497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wesam Kamal , Doaa Essam , Ahmed A. Allam , Haifa E. Alfassam , Doaa abd el tawab , Samah Abdel Moaty , Rehab Mahmoud
{"title":"Natural Egyptian zeolite ore as a novel layered adsorbent for petroleum wastewater treatment","authors":"Wesam Kamal , Doaa Essam , Ahmed A. Allam , Haifa E. Alfassam , Doaa abd el tawab , Samah Abdel Moaty , Rehab Mahmoud","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is critical to synthesize adsorbents that are highly effective, affordable, highly selective, and excellently recyclable to remove refinery wastewater contaminants. Natural zeolites hold great promise for purifying water that contains heavy metals and organic pollutants, which is a typical representative of refinery wastewater effluents. In this work, a natural Egyptian zeolite ore was investigated as an adsorbent for refinery wastewater treatment applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analytical characterization techniques were used to characterize the zeolite ore. Batch adsorption tests were then conducted to investigate the removal efficiency of this zeolite for benzene (Bz) and strontium (Sr), two representative organic pollutants and heavy metals, respectively. This zeolite ore showed maximum adsorption capacities of 492.5 and 1700 mg/g for Sr and Bz, respectively. The Baudu isotherm model was found to be the best fit model in the case of Sr, whereas the Bz Langmuir–Freundlich and Sips models resulted in the highest <em>R</em><sup>2</sup> value. Very fast kinetics were observed, and the equilibrium times were estimated to be 10 and 20 min for Sr and Bz, respectively. The current investigation showed that this layered Egyptian zeolite ore can be very promising for refinery wastewater treatment applications. An adsorbent is used to remove pollutants from refinery wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 4","pages":"Article 100490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weibo QIN , Haipeng TANG , Xuehui TAO , Yu GENG , Mengjie TANG , Kangyu WANG , Guangzhi CAI , Jiyu GONG , Yunlong GUO , Xiangzhu YAN , Wenyi GAO
{"title":"Study on the differences of active ingredients among different medicinal parts of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) based on LC-MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis","authors":"Weibo QIN , Haipeng TANG , Xuehui TAO , Yu GENG , Mengjie TANG , Kangyu WANG , Guangzhi CAI , Jiyu GONG , Yunlong GUO , Xiangzhu YAN , Wenyi GAO","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Angelica sinensis</em> (Oliv.) Diels (DG). has a history of medicinal use for thousands of years. In order to meet clinical needs, it is often divided into DG head, body, tail, and whole DG for use, which means that there are differences between different parts. However, in the existing literature, there are few studies on different parts of DG, and they only compare the differences of a single chemical component in different parts of DG, and do not comprehensively analyze the differences of other components. Therefore, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole orbitalrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap/MS) based combined with an untargeted metabolomics approach was used to compare the diversity of chemical constituents in different parts of DG. After multivariate statistical analysis, 537 differential compounds were screened, and 85 metabolites including 36 phthalides, 10 organic acids, 8 fatty acids, 6 amino acids, 4 coumarins, 4 esters, 3 phenylpropanoids, and 14 others were finally identified. After comparative analysis, the distribution of various components in different parts can be clarified. This study not only compared the differences in the chemical composition of different parts of DG, but also analyzed the relationship between important components and pharmacological effects in different parts, which provided a basis for more rational use of different parts of DG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The interaction of enzymes with environmental factors and their effect on function","authors":"Waleed N. AL-DARKAZALI","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2024.100467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In eukaryotic cells, a large number of proteins are transported to the 26S proteasome after modification with ubiquitin by special substrate receptors. The AAA-ATPase CDC48, its cofactors and other ubiquitin-binding factors appear to be involved in this process. However, the exact function of CDC48 and the interaction of the factors in degradation processes are not yet sufficiently understood. In this work, it was shown for the first time that the factors of substrate recruitment, multiubiquitylation and substrate transfer to the proteasome physically interact and form a network that specifically directs substrates to the proteasome. CDC48 plays a central role in this degradation pathway, as it works with the help of the cofactors UFD1/NPL4 in the recognition and transfer of the substrate to the E4 enzyme UFD2. Furthermore, CDC48 terminates ubiquitylation, which counteracts excessive formation of non-linear ubiquitin chains and thus optimizes the degradation process. Multiubiquitylation by UFD2 is coupled to the proteasome via the receptor proteins RAD23 and DSK2. The substrate is transported to the proteasome in a concerted mechanism that occurs via ternary complexes of RAD23, UFD2 and CDC48 or through association of the ubiquitin-binding factors involved on the proteasome. The substrate ubiquitylated by UFD2 in the presence of CDC48 can be specifically bound via the UBA domains of the receptors RAD23 and DSK2 and transferred to the proteasome. <em>In vivo</em>, the degradation pathway shown controls the inactivation of the transcription factor SPT23, which is significantly degraded via this UFD2-dependent degradation pathway. In addition, SPT23 appears to be degraded via a parallel degradation pathway using the protein RPN10. The proteolysis of misfolded proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ERAD) also occurs via the degradation pathway shown here.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 1","pages":"Article 100467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}