Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Development of recombinant anti-human CD antibodies for diabetes and cancer monitoring using flow cytometry","authors":"Ziyi YANG ,&nbsp;Xinxin XU ,&nbsp;Hua KUANG ,&nbsp;Chuanlai XU","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TBNK cells, namely T, B, Natural Killer (NK) cells, are three major types of lymphocytes in the immune system. Comprehensive analysis of cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens on TBNK cell surface, such as CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19, CD56, and CD45, contributes to precise immune cell profiling and disease progression tracking. In this study, we prepared recombinant antibodies specifically target CDs markers using the ExpiCHO-Double Plasmid system, which ensured high-yield expression and reproducibility. The antibodies were efficiently conjugated with various fluorescent dyes, including FITC, PE-Cy7, APC<img>Cy7, APC, PE, and PerCP-Cy5.5, to achieve multiplexed flow cytometry analysis of TBNK cell populations. Testing of clinical samples demonstrated that the developed antibody conjugates could effectively distinguish the difference of TBNK cell populations between healthy individuals and patients, analysis of 291 adults showed type 2 diabetes had elevated CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratios (1.9x) versus reduced ratios in cancer (0.75x), with principal component analysis (PCA) distinguishing groups (PC1 = 47.9 %) indicating their potential for disease monitoring and therapeutic evaluation. Our results underscore the utility of novel immunodiagnostic tools for early detection and personalized management of diabetes and cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raman imaging-chemometrics analysis of cell wall biopolymer dynamics in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae-infeicted kiwifruit stems","authors":"Wei TIAN ,&nbsp;Longhui LUO ,&nbsp;Bingce WANG ,&nbsp;Zhibo ZHAO ,&nbsp;Chao KANG ,&nbsp;Dongmei CHEN ,&nbsp;Xiufang YAN ,&nbsp;Youhua LONG","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pseudomonas syringae</em> pv. <em>actinidiae</em> (<em>Psa</em>), the pathogen that causes bacterial canker disease in kiwifruit, has brought about substantial losses to the kiwifruit industry. Investigating the infection process at both the cellular and microscopic levels is of great significance for the formulation of effective control strategies against this disease. Thus, the establishment of appropriate chemical imaging analysis methods becomes essential. Confocal Raman microspectral imaging (CRMI), combined with chemometrics, provides an intuitive means to visualize and characterize the spatiotemporal changes of biopolymers in the cell walls of both healthy and infected kiwifruit stems. Raman spectra of different infected stems exhibit clustering effects in principal component analysis (PCA), and a classification model constructed using support vector machines (SVM) achieves an accuracy of 97 %. Multivariate Curve Resolution-Alternating Least Squares (MCR-ALS) is utilized to resolve spectral matrices and concentration profiles from raw Raman imaging signals. The reconstructed concentration data yields accurate molecular imaging maps of high-methylated pectin (HMP), low-methylated pectin (LMP), cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The results indicate that, three days after <em>Psa</em> infection, the content of cellulose and HMP in the cell wall increases, while the changes in hemicellulose, lignin, and LMP are minimal. However, five days after infection, the contents of HMP, LMP, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin decrease significantly, resulting in the disruption of the cell-wall structure. The chemical imaging method proposed in this study shows great promise as an effective means for studying the bacterial infection process in kiwifruit stems at the cellular level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced electrochemical detection of clindamycin from aqueous solutions using Zinc Aluminium layered double hydroxide: Green chemistry approaches and cytotoxicity evaluation","authors":"Asmaa M.S. AHMED ,&nbsp;Abdelatty M. RADALLA ,&nbsp;Samar M. MAHGOUB ,&nbsp;Saber A.A. ELSUCCARY ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ali KORANY ,&nbsp;Abeer Enaiet ALLAH ,&nbsp;Fatma MOHAMED ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. ALLAM ,&nbsp;Haifa E. ALFASSAM ,&nbsp;Rehab MAHMOUD","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread presence of antibiotics like clindamycin (CLN) in aquatic environments poses serious ecological and health risks. This study introduces a simple and cost-effective electrochemical sensor based on Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles, synthesized via coprecipitation, for CLN detection in environmental samples. Characterization by FTIR, SEM, TEM, BET, and TGA confirmed a porous, nano-flake structure conducive to enhanced electrocatalytic activity. The sensor exhibited excellent performance with a detection limit of 0.044 µM (0.0187 µg/mL), a quantification limit of 0.15 µM (0.0638 µg/mL), and a linear range of 4–700 µM, outperforming traditional HPLC methods. Optimal detection was achieved at pH 3.6, with good selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Application to tap water, Nile river water, groundwater, and wastewater samples confirmed its practical utility. The method's environmental impact was evaluated using green chemistry metrics including AGREEprep, ESA, and AMVI demonstrating its eco-friendliness. Cytotoxicity testing on WI-38 cells showed concentration-dependent effects, supporting its safe use in environmental and biomedical contexts. The total cost of the material was estimated at 8.14 USD/g, confirming its affordability for large-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pioneering spectrophotometric analysis of cilnidipine via coupling with amino reagents: application to pharmaceuticals and biological fluids","authors":"Basima A.A. Saleem ,&nbsp;Salim A. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Amer Th. Al-Taee","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cilnidipine is an important antihypertensive medication within the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel blockers. The precise quantification of cilnidipine concentrations in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluid samples is crucial for ensuring therapeutic efficacy and safety. Traditional analytical techniques for measuring cilnidipine amounts have included various methods, with oxidative coupling reactions proving particularly effective. This study presents a novel spectrophotometric method for cilnidipine quantification, employing oxidative coupling with 4-aminoAntipyrine and 4-amino diphenylamine. These reactions yield colored compounds that can be detected in the visible spectrum at wavelengths of 528 nm and 721 nm, significantly improving both sensitivity and accuracy. Methods A and B adhere to Beer's law across specified concentration ranges of 1–55 and 1–30 µg/mL, respectively, demonstrating high molar absorptivity of 1.098×10⁴ L/(mol⋅cm) for method A and 2.1179×10⁴ L/(mol⋅cm) for method B, which highlights their analytical robustness. The limit of detections (LOD) was estimation and found to be 0.1159 and 0.3865 µg/mL for methods A and B, correspondingly, while the limit of quantifications (LOQ) was 0.1976 (method A) and 0.5848 µg/mL (method B), showcasing their strong analytical performance. A thorough validation of linearity and precision was performed, with Sandell's sensitivity assessed at 0.04486 µg/cm² for method A and 0.02325 µg/cm² for method B. This innovative approach provides researchers and healthcare professionals with a reliable tool for accurate cilnidipine measurement, thereby enhancing treatment outcomes and ensuring high standards of pharmaceutical quality. The two suggested techniques effectively determined Cilnidipine; with a decent average recovery in pharmaceutical tablets 99.53%–100.2 % and in human urine and serum samples of 99.77%–100.58 %, no intrusions of co-existing additives present in commercial dosage forms were noted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the mechanism of Huaier on psoriasis based on transcriptome sequencing analysis","authors":"Feng ZHANG,&nbsp;Dongqiang SU","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psoriasis is an inflammatory immune skin disease with high incidence worldwide. As a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Huaier has a variety of pharmacological effects such as immune regulation and anti-inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism of action of Huaier on psoriasis and provide direction and basis for the treatment of psoriasis. Human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells are frequently investigated as a target for psoriasis. Previous studies have found that Huaier can inhibit the proliferation and activity of HaCaT cells, and arrest the cell cycle of HaCaT cells in G1 phase, but the mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of Huaier in inhibiting the proliferation of HaCaT cells and to analyze its potential targets and molecular mechanisms. At different concentrations of Huaier, compared with the control group, Huaier significantly inhibited the proliferation and activity of HaCaT cells in a concentration-dependent manner (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The results of transcriptome sequencing analysis after Huaier treatment at IC50 concentration showed that Huaier significantly changed the expression of 103 genes in HaCaT cells and regulated 15 signaling pathways (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that Huaier may regulate the IL-17 signaling pathway, which is important in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, by affecting the expression of key genes such as IL-6, ARRB1, CDH5, MYH11 and PPP3R1, and inhibit the activity of HaCaT cells, thus exerting a potential therapeutic effect on psoriasis.This will provide clues and directions for the treatment of psoriasis with TCM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly new kinetic spectrophotometric method for analysis of azithromycin in dosage forms and spiked human plasma","authors":"Safwan Ashour","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new kinetic technique to quantify azithromycin in dosage forms and plasma was interesting through the reaction of azithromycin dihydrate (AZT) with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) in an alkaline medium. The formed stable product was followed by measuring the increased absorbance with time at 452 nm. Four kinetic procedures were applied for the determination of AZT, the initial rate and fixed time (at 20 min) methods are the most suitable for plotting the calibration graphs in the concentration ranges 1.50–30.00 and 1.50–33.00 μg/mL with detection limits of 0.023 and 0.018 μg/mL, respectively. The <em>E</em>_a, Δ<em>H</em>^‡, Δ<em>S</em>^‡, and Δ<em>G</em>^‡ are evaluated for the reaction and found to be 8.177 kJ/mol, 5.742 kJ/mol, –198.34 J/K mole, and 64.846 kJ/mol, respectively. The suggested kinetic methods were applied to determine AZT in marketed formulations and spiked human plasma, and were found to be more sustainable, eco-friendly, efficient, and practicable than the reported BP method, by applying green and white tools; AES, AGREE, AGREEprep, GAPI, and RGB, making it a safer alternative to be considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of eight volatile benzene series in e-cigarette liquids and aerosols by thin-film solid-phase microextraction/GC-QTOF-MS","authors":"Chunqiong Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Yanbo Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Zhang ,&nbsp;Haowei Sun ,&nbsp;Ke Zhang ,&nbsp;Ganpeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring harmful volatile organic compounds in e-cigarettes is crucial for product quality assessment and consumer safety. In this study, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film embedded with 2,4,6-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (H₃TATB)-modified MIL-101(Cr) particles was prepared via dip-coating to serve as a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) medium. Gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS) method was developed and optimized using this custom SPME film for the determination of eight volatile benzene-series compounds in commercial e-cigarette products. The analytical method was applied to 43 electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) samples, enabling the quantification of target compounds in both e-liquids and aerosols. The method exhibited excellent linearity and high mass accuracy, with limits of quantifications (LOQs) ranging from 0.0016 to 0.0090 µg·g⁻¹ and 0.0037 to 0.0208 µg·20 puffs⁻¹ in e-liquids and aerosols, respectively. Limits of detections (LODs) ranged from 0.0054 to 0.0298 µg·g⁻¹ and 0.0122 to 0.0686 µg·20 puffs⁻¹ for e-liquids and aerosols, respectively. Recoveries of the target compounds in e-liquids ranged from 70.12% to 107.06%. Among the eight compounds, benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene were consistently detected in both sample types. Benzene concentrations ranged from 0.837 to 5.107 µg·g⁻¹ in e-liquids and 0.201 to 4.179 µg·20 puffs⁻¹ in aerosols; ethylbenzene was present at 0 to 0.798 µg·g⁻¹ and 0 to 1.608 µg·20 puffs⁻¹, respectively. The study presents a rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for analysing volatile benzene-series compounds in complex e-cigarette matrices. The developed approach supports regulatory oversight and contributes to establishing effective quality control systems for e-cigarette products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the Mechanism of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus in Treating Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency Based on Network Pharmacology","authors":"Zhimin CHEN ,&nbsp;Yunxiu JIANG ,&nbsp;Mayijie CAO ,&nbsp;Ye ZHOU ,&nbsp;Xiaoli ZHU ,&nbsp;Zhuolin JIA ,&nbsp;Jie WU ,&nbsp;Lingying YU ,&nbsp;Changjiang HU","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100554","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome, also known as ZHENG, represents a fundamental concept in TCM. It summarizes the pathological changes of a disease at specific stages of its development. Liver and kidney Yin deficiency syndrome (LKYDS), one of a pathologic and diagnostic pattern caused by the imbalance of Yin and Yang. &lt;em&gt;Ligustri Lucidi Fructus&lt;/em&gt; (LLF) is the dried mature fruit of &lt;em&gt;Ligustrum lucidum&lt;/em&gt; Ait. It has the effects of nourishing the liver and kidneys. To screen the active ingredients of LLF for treating liver and kidney yin deficiency based on network pharmacology and to explore their potential targets and mechanisms.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We obtained disease-related targets through GeneCards and DisGeNET databases, and utilized Venny 2.1.0 to obtain targets at the intersection of components and diseases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis and GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the potential targets with the help of STRING and DAVID databases, respectively. To clarify the biological process and pathway information, which were further visualized by using the microbiology platform. 120 male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a raw product group, a processed product group, and a positive group for &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; experiments. A liver and kidney yin deficiency model induced by levothyroxine sodium was established and continuously administered for 14 days. After the last administration, measure the thymus index, as well as the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TP, ALB, CREA, UREA, and UA.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;LLF contains to 63 active components, 511 component targets, 1467 liver-related disease targets, 164 potential targets, 3571 kidney-related disease targets, 292 potential targets. GO functional enrichment involves negative regulation of protein phosphorylation, response to xenobiotic stimuli, apoptotic process, etc. KEGG signaling pathway involves lipids and atherosclerosis, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and so on. Compared with the blank group, the model group rats showed weight loss, significant thymus atrophy, and a significant decrease in thymus index. The levels of ALT, AST, ALP, CREA, UREA, UA, TP and cGMP were significantly increased, while the levels of cAMP, ALB and cAMP/cGMP were significantly decreased. Compared with the model group, both the positive group and each treatment group showed an increase in thymus index, which significantly reduced the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, CREA, UREA, UA, TP and cGMP in the serum of rats, and significantly increased the levels of cAMP, ALB and cAMP/cGMP. Moreover, there were certain differences between the processed and raw products of LLF. Compared with the raw group, processed LLF showed better effects in ALT, ALB, UREA, TP, cAMP, cAMP/cGMP and other aspects.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The main active ingredients in LLF may participate in","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical profiles changes in Belamcanda chinensis: A metabolomic analysis of crude and processed samples","authors":"Yumiao HUANG ,&nbsp;Shuna JIN ,&nbsp;Rongzeng HUANG ,&nbsp;Zhaoxiang ZENG ,&nbsp;Zecai ZHAN ,&nbsp;Hao YUAN ,&nbsp;Dongru LI ,&nbsp;Meizhu DAI ,&nbsp;Wenjie WANG ,&nbsp;Cheng CHEN","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Belamcanda chinensis</em> (BC) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of use. However, there are few studies investigating the variations in chemical composition between unprocessed and processed BC. This study aimed to identify the differential compounds present after the processing of BC and to establish a scientific basis for optimizing its processing technology and quality control. In this study, three types of processed BC products were prepared based on relevant literature and historical texts: water extract of rice-processed (RB), leaves of <em>Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc</em>-processed (PB), and a combination of water extract of rice with leaves of <em>Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc</em>-processed (RPB). Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) fingerprint analysis was performed on an Agilent 1290 liquid chromatograph to evaluate the similarity of the 10 principal flavonoids among different BC samples. Additionally, an untargeted metabolomics approach using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) was utilized to identify differential metabolites. Fingerprint analysis showed no significant differences in the 10 main flavonoids between unprocessed and processed samples. Untargeted metabolomics identified 85 differential metabolites, with 57, 60, and 63 metabolites detected in the RB, PB, and RPB processed groups, respectively. Compared with raw BC, the RB group showed increased levels of 16 metabolites and decreased levels of 41; the PB group exhibited 11 upregulated and 49 downregulated metabolites; while the RPB group demonstrated 15 elevated and 48 reduced metabolites. Among these processed groups, PB and RPB exhibited more similar metabolic profiles compared to RB. These findings represent the first systematic investigation into the chemical composition of processed BC, thereby addressing a critical gap in the existing research. Furthermore, they establish a scientific foundation for optimizing processing techniques and enhancing quality control, while also contributing to the modernization and reinterpretation of traditional processing theories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A network analysis framework for Traditional Chinese Medicine in treating Alzheimer’s disease: From core herbal pairs to key component networks","authors":"Fanjing KONG ,&nbsp;Weiming ZHANG ,&nbsp;Tianyu WU ,&nbsp;Jingyi DAI ,&nbsp;Ying XU ,&nbsp;Tao SUN","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder for which traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown potential therapeutic advantages. This study aimed to explore the medication patterns and core herbal pairs used in the treatment of AD by integrating data mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking techniques. Relevant literature on TCM interventions for AD was retrieved from five major databases, and core herbal pairs were identified. To further investigate the multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms of these pairs and their key components, a comprehensive network was constructed. A core herbal pair—Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-Polygalae Radix was selected, and its component–target–pathway network was established. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted to elucidate biological functions and signaling pathways, while molecular docking was performed to validate the interactions between key compounds and their targets. A total of 482 TCM formulas for AD were analyzed, identifying Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma-Polygalae Radix as the most representative core pair. Its major active components, including phenylpropanoids (e.g., caffeic acid, <em>β</em>-asarone) and saponins (e.g., tenuigenin), were found to modulate inflammation, apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity through critical pathways such as MAPK and PI3K-Akt. Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding affinities between these key components and pivotal targets such as AKT1 and MAPK3. This study establishes a multi-layered framework, from big data analysis to functional validation of specific components, offering a clear pathway for investigating the structure-effect relationships in TCM. Furthermore, it proposes an innovative computational approach for analyzing the complex mechanisms of TCM, providing new insights into optimizing TCM formulations and developing novel drugs for AD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}