Eco-friendly new kinetic spectrophotometric method for analysis of azithromycin in dosage forms and spiked human plasma

A new kinetic technique to quantify azithromycin in dosage forms and plasma was interesting through the reaction of azithromycin dihydrate (AZT) with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) in an alkaline medium. The formed stable product was followed by measuring the increased absorbance with time at 452 nm. Four kinetic procedures were applied for the determination of AZT, the initial rate and fixed time (at 20 min) methods are the most suitable for plotting the calibration graphs in the concentration ranges 1.50–30.00 and 1.50–33.00 μg/mL with detection limits of 0.023 and 0.018 μg/mL, respectively. The E_a, ΔH^‡, ΔS^‡, and ΔG^‡ are evaluated for the reaction and found to be 8.177 kJ/mol, 5.742 kJ/mol, –198.34 J/K mole, and 64.846 kJ/mol, respectively. The suggested kinetic methods were applied to determine AZT in marketed formulations and spiked human plasma, and were found to be more sustainable, eco-friendly, efficient, and practicable than the reported BP method, by applying green and white tools; AES, AGREE, AGREEprep, GAPI, and RGB, making it a safer alternative to be considered.