Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"A piperazine derivative for fluorescence recognition of pyrene and colorimetric discrimination of Fe2+/Fe3+system","authors":"Sudeshna Chatterjee,&nbsp;Pallabi Mukherjee,&nbsp;Sukriti Mukherjee,&nbsp;Debasis Das","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A piperazine derivative, namely, (2‑hydroxy-naphthalen-1-ylmethylene)-[3-(4-{3-[(2‑hydroxy-naphthalen-1-ylmethylene)-amino]-propyl}-piperazin-1-yl)-propyl]-amine (<strong>L4</strong>) has been synthesized, structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and employed for selective fluorescence detection of pyrene along with colorimetric discrimination of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺. Fluorescence turn on process is attributed to the water assisted aggregation, in combination with <em>π</em>–<em>π</em> stacking of pyrene units. The lowest detection limit for pyrene is 2.5 × 10^–9 M whiles the association constant being 6.4 × 10⁴ M^–¹.The colorimetric detection limits for Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ are 2.34 and 1.22 μM, respectively. <strong>L4</strong> efficiently removes pyrene from real samples by solid phase extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 5","pages":"Article 100688"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147799616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theviridoside, Alcesefoliside, and Cycloolivil as natural compounds: Discovery of new HMG-CoA reductase, alpha glucosidase inhibitors and anti-gastric potential","authors":"Liping Feng ,&nbsp;Jing Chen ,&nbsp;Dongwen You ,&nbsp;Xianjing Zeng ,&nbsp;Chunlin Song","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the deadliest and most prevalent cancers in the world is gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer. According to GLOBOCAN 2018 data, stomach cancer ranks third globally in terms of cancer mortality, behind colorectal and lung cancer. Gastric cancer is the fifth most prevalent type of cancer overall. Gastric cancer is one of the most well-known and dangerous tumors, with a poor prognosis and a high total mortality rate from malignant progression. Additionally, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are widely used oral antidiabetic medications that regulate the breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars that the intestines can absorb. HMG CoA reductase and α-glucosidase were inhibited in this study by Theviridoside, Alcesefoliside, and Cycloolivil molecules, with IC50 values of 1.70 ± 0.03 and 26.71 ± 1.04 µM for Theviridoside, 0.98 ± 0.01 and 4.35 ± 0.06 µM for Alcesefoliside, and 6.27 ± 0.02 and 41.20 ± 0.87 µM for Cycloolivil, respectively. The anti-cancer properties of the compounds were assessed using the SNU1 (IC50: 65.32 ± 2.70, 76.31 ± 1.44 and 20.52 ± 1.25 µM), AGS (IC50: 61.35 ± 2.73, 89.46 ± 1.06 and 11.76 ± 0.63 µM), and MKN45 (IC50: 56.71 ± 0.98, 83.50 ± 2.62 and 14.87 ± 1.12 µM) cell lines, respectively. The binding affinity and interactions of theviridoside, alcesefoliside, and cycloolivil against HMG-CoA reductase and α-glucosidase were assessed by using computational methods such as MM/GBSA calculations, molecular modeling, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Moreover, their activity against three gastric cancer cell lines, SNU1, AGS, and MKN45 was evaluated. Their interactions and affinities with multiple surface receptor proteins, such as CD44, estrogen receptor, and EGFR, were investigated using computational methods. Based on the results, these compounds can form strong interactions with the target enzymes and receptors. Therefore, Alcesefoliside, theviridoside, and cycloolivil can effectively inhibit the activity of these enzymes and cancer cell lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 5","pages":"Article 100693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147799667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qingdi mixture alleviates radiation enteritis via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: An integrated study combining network pharmacology and experimental validation","authors":"Haoran Liu ,&nbsp;Miao Zhang ,&nbsp;Qingzheng Liu ,&nbsp;Zhuang Yu ,&nbsp;Shengnan Ren ,&nbsp;Qiancheng Lu ,&nbsp;Lingxin Feng ,&nbsp;Jing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiation enteritis (RE) is a common complication of radiotherapy for pelvic tumors, and qindi mixture (QDM) has been routinely used in tumor radiotherapy at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University for the treatment of RE and alleviation of radiotherapy complications. However, the molecular mechanisms of QDM remain to be fully elucidated. Firstly, potential molecular targets of RE and QDM-related targets were systematically retrieved from established public databases such as TCMSP, using the results of mass spectrometry analysis from previous studies of QDM. Secondly, through comprehensive analysis of protein–protein interaction (PPI) network as well as Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, we constructed target-pathway networks to identify potential therapeutic targets and associated signaling pathways. Subsequently, molecular docking was applied to validate the interactions between the QDM components and hub targets. To investigate the therapeutic potential, we established both in vitro RILI cell models and in vivo murine models. We elucidated molecular mechanisms of QDM's protective effects against RE. Firstly, 387 related targets on RE and QDM were accessed through PPI network based on our previous liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis on QDM. The core targets of the PPI network were mainly closely related to inflammation and transcriptional regulation. Secondly, GO and KEGG enrichment analyzes indicated that the pathways in cancer, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and lipid and atherosclerosis might play key roles in the treatment of RE by QDM. Meanwhile, molecular docking showed that the core active components of QDM had stable binding to the main targets of RE. <em>In vitro</em> experiments showed that QDM inhibited the proliferation and migration of rectal cancer cells after radiotherapy. <em>In vitro</em> experiments demonstrated that QDM effectively inhibits the proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells after radiotherapy. <em>In vivo</em>, the downregulation of TP53 by QDM was associated with significant amelioration of RE, evidenced by an approximately 16% reduction in the AOD histopathological score (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Western blot analysis showed that QDM treatment significantly reduced the activation ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT compared to the radiation group (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The network pharmacology framework integrating computational prediction and experimental validation provides a novel approach for exploring the mechanism of QDM in treating RE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 5","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147799621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective enrichment and rapid determination of malachite green in aquaculture water using magnetic molecularly imprinted dispersive SPE coupled to SERS-PLS","authors":"Weixin Liang ,&nbsp;Chang Wang ,&nbsp;Yumei Song ,&nbsp;Jingui Huang ,&nbsp;Zhenwei Liao ,&nbsp;Yongqian Lei ,&nbsp;Pengran Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a rapid method for the selective enrichment and sensitive detection of malachite green (MG) in aquaculture water. Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) prepared via Pickering-emulsion polymerization were employed in a magnetic dispersive SPE workflow prior to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Partial least squares (PLS) models were built on preprocessed SERS spectra to predict MG concentrations. The optimised model achieved excellent linearity (R_train=0.9897; R_test=0.9836), a detection limit of 0.19 ng/mL, and spike recoveries of 80% to 110% in real aquaculture water. Results were benchmarked against HPLC, showing good agreement. The method integrates selective preconcentration with portable SERS readout, enabling on-site MG screening with high sensitivity and short turnaround. The method demonstrated good robustness and accuracy under the optimized pH, adsorption time, and MMIPs mass conditions. This combined MI-MDSPE/SERS-PLS strategy provides a practical route for rapid monitoring of MG in aquaculture settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 5","pages":"Article 100687"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of tandem dispersive and modified hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction techniques for sensitive determination of NSAIDs in complex biological matrices","authors":"Hamidreza Haghgoo Qezelje ,&nbsp;Maryam Rajabi ,&nbsp;Sayeh Ghanbari Adivi ,&nbsp;Alireza Asghari ,&nbsp;Asmaa Benettayeb ,&nbsp;Basem E. Keshta ,&nbsp;Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two advanced microextraction techniques possessing greater cleanup capacity— tandem dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (TDLLME) and modified hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME)—were comparatively evaluated here for selective preconcentration and determination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), i.e., diclofenac, ibuprofen, and mefenamic acid, from complex biological samples. Both the methods were coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for sensitive detection. Key parameters like the nature and amount of organic solvents, pHs in acceptor and donor phases, ionic strength, number of extraction cycles, agitation (stirring) rates, and time of extraction were optimized using a one-variable-at-a-time pathway. Results revealed that modified HF-LPME method, with 1-octanol in a three-phase system and magnetic stirring assistance, provided improved analytical performance through enrichment factors of up to 183.6, extraction recoveries greater than 77%, and extremely low detection limits of 0.1 ng mL⁻¹. In contrast, the TDLLME technique demonstrated the advantage of considerably shorter extraction time of only 25 min with less complex equipment, albeit with comparatively lower enrichment factors and sensitivity. Validation with real biological matrices—urine, saliva, hair, and nails—verified the reliability and accuracy of both methods, with relative recovery rates always in the range of approximately 94% to 102% and relative standard deviations of lesser than 5.3%. TDLLME can be a handy route for rapid screening, whereas the improved HF-LPME method is more appropriate if ultra-trace sensitivity is essential. These results provide valuable recommendations for sample preparation strategy choice balancing speed, sensitivity, and environmental factor considerations in pharmaceutical analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 5","pages":"Article 100682"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147850890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fullerenes and their derivatives as functional materials for the detection of diverse analytes: Recent update","authors":"Maksym Serhiyovych LINTARUK,&nbsp;Iryna Pavlivna HORBENYUK","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fullerenes and their derivatives have attracted considerable attention as versatile nanomaterials for chemical and biological sensing applications. Their unique physicochemical properties, including high electron affinity, redox activity, extended π-conjugation, and ability to undergo diverse functionalization, make them promising candidates for the detection of a wide range of analytes. Over the past two decades, fullerene-based systems have been developed for the sensitive and selective detection of gaseous molecules, heavy metal ions, organic pollutants, biomolecules, nucleic acids, and pathogens. Furthermore, hybrid materials incorporating fullerenes with carbon nanostructures, polymers, or metal nanoparticles have demonstrated enhanced performance due to synergistic effects in conductivity, catalytic activity, and molecular recognition. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural characteristics, sensing mechanisms, and recent advances in fullerene-based sensors. Particular emphasis is given to the integration of fullerenes in electrochemical, optical, and hybrid sensing platforms, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and prospects for real-world applications in environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and point-of-care testing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 100661"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147602632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissecting the compatible mechanisms of pharmacological and toxicological effects of cinnabar in Guilingji by gut microbiome and metabolomics","authors":"Ying WANG ,&nbsp;Xingkang WU ,&nbsp;Yushuang MA ,&nbsp;Huichun ZHAO ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia GAO ,&nbsp;Xuemei QIN","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Guilingji (GLJ) is a well-known prescription in China, and has great advantages in the treatment of frailty syndrome, accompanied by good safety profile and outcomes. Cinnabar is one of the traditional Chinese medicines in GLJ, and has been used in China for more than 2000 years in many Chinese medicine prescription. Controversially, cinnabar is reported to have many potential side effects, including brain damage, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. This study investigated the therapeutical efficacy and toxicity of cinnabar in the case that GLJ treated aging rats to explore the rationality of the application of cinnabar in GLJ. GLJ displayed the therapeutical efficacy of improving brain aging, bone aging and muscle aging, in which cinnabar contributed to the anti-aging efficacy of GLJ against muscle by increasing the levels of intestinal androgens. Meanwhile, cinnabar in a dose, equivalent to its therapeutic dose in GLJ, individually showed a certain toxicity to the liver, kidney and brain of aging rats after long exposure, whereas GLJ didn’t not. Mechanistically, cinnabar free GLJ reversed the effect that cinnabar increased the abundance of mercury methylating microbiota and reduced the abundance of mercury demethylating microbiota in gut. Furthermore, cinnabar free GLJ significantly changed the gut microbiota composition of aging rats, while GLJ reprogrammed gut microbiota composition of aging rats into that of health rats via depending on cinnabar. This research provides an efficient way to understand the compatibility of pharmacological and toxicological effects of cinnabar in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescriptions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 100662"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147603101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoestrogens 7-O-acetylformonetin and khrinone A from Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub. inhibit the human papillomavirus replication: An integrative immunological, chemical, and computational approach to cervical cancer prevention","authors":"Pascal Emmanuel Owona ,&nbsp;Yolande Sandrine Mengue Ngadena ,&nbsp;Yannick Kevin Melogmo Dongmo ,&nbsp;Ronald Bidingha A Goufani ,&nbsp;Tamafo Fouegue Aymard Didier ,&nbsp;Jeanne Julie Ambani Omgba ,&nbsp;Danielle Claude Bilanda ,&nbsp;Paul Désiré Dzeufiet Djomeni ,&nbsp;Ammena Y Binsaleh ,&nbsp;Nawal Al-Hoshani ,&nbsp;Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed ,&nbsp;Manal F․ Elkhadragy ,&nbsp;Rewaa S Jalal","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cervical cancer is mainly caused by persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly HPV16. Current therapeutic strategies are limited by their toxicity and the persistence of the virus, highlighting the need to find safer alternatives. <em>Pterocarpus soyauxii</em>, widely used in African ethnopharmacology, has yielded new phytoestrogens such as 7-O-acetylformononetin and khrinone A, which may have antiviral and anticancer potential<strong>.</strong> This study aimed to investigate the potential of 7-O-acetylformononetin and khrinone A to prevent HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis by targeting viral and host oncogenic proteins using integrative computational approaches. This approach limits the use of animals for experimental testing and provides valuable data on the activity of plant-derived compounds. A network pharmacology approach was applied using STRING and Metascape to identify key molecular targets and pathways. Molecular docking was performed with BC-Dock2 and BIOVIA Discovery Studio to evaluate the binding affinities of phytochemical compounds to HPV-related proteins. Density functional theory (DFT) analyses were conducted to evaluate electronic properties and stability. The central proteins analyzed included HPV16E6, MDM2, CSNK2A2, mTOR, and HDAC1<strong>.</strong> Network pharmacology revealed strong associations with central pathways of HPV-induced carcinogenesis, notably the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, p53 regulation, and epigenetic remodeling. Docking results demonstrated high-affinity interactions between both compounds and HPV16E6 and MDM2, suggesting a stabilization of p53′s tumor-suppressive activity. Interactions with CSNK2A2 and HDAC1 indicated a potential modulation of kinase signaling and histone deacetylation. DFT analyses confirmed favorable molecular stability and drug-likeness, confirming their pharmacological potential. 7-O-acetylformononetin and khrinone A from <em>Pterocarpus soyauxii</em> exhibit strong potential as multitarget agents capable of interfering with HPV-mediated oncogenic processes. These results link ethnopharmacological knowledge with computational pharmacology, offering new avenues for the development of natural therapeutic agents for cervical cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 100678"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147603103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversion of cow dung into high-performance biochar for efficient adsorptive removal of methyl red from aqueous solutions: Kinetic, isotherm, and mechanistic insights","authors":"Je-Sung Park ,&nbsp;Bala Mohan ,&nbsp;Hema Vellaisamy ,&nbsp;Prabha Duraisamy ,&nbsp;Sheela Priyadarshinee","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of biochar derived from cow dung in removing methyl red (MR) from aqueous solutions. The prepared biochar was alkaline in nature with a carbon content of 58.34 % and a specific surface area of 455.5 m² g⁻¹. Adsorption behavior of MR onto cow dung derived biochar was examined under varying experimental conditions, including contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial pH, and initial dye concentration. The results demonstrated that an equilibration time of 40 min, an adsorbent dose of 0.5 g, and an initial pH of 3 constituted the optimal conditions for MR removal. Increasing the initial dye concentrations from 25 mg L⁻¹ to 200 mg L⁻¹ led to a decrease in removal efficiency. Equilibrium data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm model (r² = 0.958), indicating heterogeneous surface characteristics and multilayer adsorption. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best fit across all tested concentrations (r² &gt; 0.986), suggesting that chemisorption governs the adsorption process. The adsorption intensity (1/<em>n</em> = 0.18) and the dimensionless constant parameter (R_L = 0) further confirmed the favorability of the adsorption. Additionally, the D–R isotherm-derived free energy value (<em>E</em> = 60 kJ mol⁻¹) supports the predominance of chemical adsorption mechanisms. Overall, the cow-dung-based biochar proved to be a cost-effective and efficient adsorbent for MR dye removal. Its performance indicates strong potential for application in the treatment of textile dye-contaminated wastewater in industrial settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 100718"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147650715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction of three antioxidant flavonoids from Sophorae Fructus: Optimization, quantification, and activity evaluation","authors":"Ya-Feng Zuo ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Qian Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng-Hu Wang ,&nbsp;Ting-Yu Shan ,&nbsp;Can-Can Wang ,&nbsp;Jin-Cai Li ,&nbsp;De-Ling Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sophorae fructus (SF) berries (derived from <em>Styphnolobium japonicum</em> (L.) Schott fruits) contain abundant flavonoids such as sophoricoside, which show antioxidant activity. Here, we combine a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction to extract flavonoid compounds from SF. Six DESs prepared by combining choline chloride (hydrogen bond acceptor) and polyols (hydrogen bond donors) have been screened and compared with 70% ethanol solvent. Optimal conditions for SF flavonoid extraction using DESs are assessed through single-factor experiments and the response surface methodology approach. The contents of three flavonoid components, namely rutin, genistein, and sophoricoside, in SF are quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. The antioxidant activity of the extracted SF flavonoids is confirmed through different assays. Among all DESs, DES-1 (choline chloride/ethylene glycol) shows the highest extraction rate, and this rate is remarkably higher than that of the 70% ethanol solvent. After process standardization, the following optimal conditions are obtained: molar ratio, 1:5; water content, 30%; liquid-to-solid ratio, 35 mL/g; ultrasonication time, 53 min; and ultrasonication temperature, 55 °C. By using these experimental settings, we obtain the following highest extraction rates for rutin, genistein, and sophoricoside: 2.20% ± 0.067%, 0.53% ± 0.010%, and 14.46% ± 0.227%, respectively; these rates are 1.5- to 2-fold higher than those achieved using the 70% ethanol solvent. Moreover, the DES-UAE-derived extract shows stronger antioxidant activity than the 70% ethanol extract. The antioxidant activity levels of the DES-UAE-derived extract quantified by DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion, and FRAP assays are 60.71%, 100%, 99.59%, and 200.77 µmol/mL, respectively, which are higher than those of the 70% ethanol extract (52.76%, 92.45%, 87.25%, and 185.73 µmol/mL, respectively) measured by these methods. Thus, this study reports an efficient and ecofriendly process for extracting SF flavonoids, facilitating the development of innovative treatment approaches by utilizing natural plant products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 4","pages":"Article 100659"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}