Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Advanced electrochemical detection of clindamycin from aqueous solutions using Zinc Aluminium layered double hydroxide: Green chemistry approaches and cytotoxicity evaluation","authors":"Asmaa M.S. AHMED ,&nbsp;Abdelatty M. RADALLA ,&nbsp;Samar M. MAHGOUB ,&nbsp;Saber A.A. ELSUCCARY ,&nbsp;Mohamed Ali KORANY ,&nbsp;Abeer Enaiet ALLAH ,&nbsp;Fatma MOHAMED ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. ALLAM ,&nbsp;Haifa E. ALFASSAM ,&nbsp;Rehab MAHMOUD","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread presence of antibiotics like clindamycin (CLN) in aquatic environments poses serious ecological and health risks. This study introduces a simple and cost-effective electrochemical sensor based on Zn-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles, synthesized via coprecipitation, for CLN detection in environmental samples. Characterization by FTIR, SEM, TEM, BET, and TGA confirmed a porous, nano-flake structure conducive to enhanced electrocatalytic activity. The sensor exhibited excellent performance with a detection limit of 0.044 µM (0.0187 µg/mL), a quantification limit of 0.15 µM (0.0638 µg/mL), and a linear range of 4–700 µM, outperforming traditional HPLC methods. Optimal detection was achieved at pH 3.6, with good selectivity, stability, and reproducibility. Application to tap water, Nile river water, groundwater, and wastewater samples confirmed its practical utility. The method's environmental impact was evaluated using green chemistry metrics including AGREEprep, ESA, and AMVI demonstrating its eco-friendliness. Cytotoxicity testing on WI-38 cells showed concentration-dependent effects, supporting its safe use in environmental and biomedical contexts. The total cost of the material was estimated at 8.14 USD/g, confirming its affordability for large-scale applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100553"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144243351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of Moringa stenopetala seed powder and aluminum sulfate for turbidity and E. coli removal from surface water: The case of bake pond, Borana zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Dereje Diriba CHEMEDA ,&nbsp;Daniel FITAMO","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In rural Borana, Ethiopia, limited access to potable water and the high cost of conventional water treatment methods have led many people to rely on turbid surface water for drinking, exposing them to waterborne diseases. A study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of <em>Moringa stenopetala</em> seed powder (MSP) as a natural coagulant for reducing turbidity and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) levels in pond water, compared to the conventional coagulant, aluminum sulfate (alum). Water samples were treated with MSP or alum at dosages ranging from 0 to 130 mg/L. The study assessed the effects of initial pH (1.5 to 10.5), settling time (30 to 180 min), and initial turbidity (55 to 319 NTU) on coagulation efficiency for both coagulants. Turbidity, pH, and <em>E. coli</em> levels in the water samples were measured before and after treatment using a portable turbidity meter, portable pH meter, and membrane filtration, respectively. A one-way ANOVA was used to assess significant differences (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) between MSP and alum in their coagulation effectiveness. After 120 min of settling, alum (70 mg/L) reduced turbidity from 216 NTU to 1.8 NTU (99.16% removal), while MSP (80 mg/L) reduced turbidity to 4.2 NTU (98.05% removal). Both coagulants achieved turbidity levels below the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of 5 NTU, with MSP showing similar efficacy to alum. In terms of <em>E. coli</em> reduction, alum at 70 mg/L reduced <em>E. coli</em> by 29.78% (from 47 to 33 CFU/100 mL), while MSP at 80 mg/L achieved a 95.74% reduction (to 2 CFU/100 mL). Additionally, MSP did not significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) alter the pH of treated water, unlike alum, which typically lowers the pH and requires post-treatment adjustment. These results suggest that MSP is a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to alum, particularly in rural areas like Borana, where access to clean water is limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 7","pages":"Article 100539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the Mechanism of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus in Treating Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency Based on Network Pharmacology","authors":"Zhimin CHEN ,&nbsp;Yunxiu JIANG ,&nbsp;Mayijie CAO ,&nbsp;Ye ZHOU ,&nbsp;Xiaoli ZHU ,&nbsp;Zhuolin JIA ,&nbsp;Jie WU ,&nbsp;Lingying YU ,&nbsp;Changjiang HU","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100554","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome, also known as ZHENG, represents a fundamental concept in TCM. It summarizes the pathological changes of a disease at specific stages of its development. Liver and kidney Yin deficiency syndrome (LKYDS), one of a pathologic and diagnostic pattern caused by the imbalance of Yin and Yang. &lt;em&gt;Ligustri Lucidi Fructus&lt;/em&gt; (LLF) is the dried mature fruit of &lt;em&gt;Ligustrum lucidum&lt;/em&gt; Ait. It has the effects of nourishing the liver and kidneys. To screen the active ingredients of LLF for treating liver and kidney yin deficiency based on network pharmacology and to explore their potential targets and mechanisms.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We obtained disease-related targets through GeneCards and DisGeNET databases, and utilized Venny 2.1.0 to obtain targets at the intersection of components and diseases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis and GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the potential targets with the help of STRING and DAVID databases, respectively. To clarify the biological process and pathway information, which were further visualized by using the microbiology platform. 120 male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a raw product group, a processed product group, and a positive group for &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; experiments. A liver and kidney yin deficiency model induced by levothyroxine sodium was established and continuously administered for 14 days. After the last administration, measure the thymus index, as well as the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, TP, ALB, CREA, UREA, and UA.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;LLF contains to 63 active components, 511 component targets, 1467 liver-related disease targets, 164 potential targets, 3571 kidney-related disease targets, 292 potential targets. GO functional enrichment involves negative regulation of protein phosphorylation, response to xenobiotic stimuli, apoptotic process, etc. KEGG signaling pathway involves lipids and atherosclerosis, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and so on. Compared with the blank group, the model group rats showed weight loss, significant thymus atrophy, and a significant decrease in thymus index. The levels of ALT, AST, ALP, CREA, UREA, UA, TP and cGMP were significantly increased, while the levels of cAMP, ALB and cAMP/cGMP were significantly decreased. Compared with the model group, both the positive group and each treatment group showed an increase in thymus index, which significantly reduced the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, CREA, UREA, UA, TP and cGMP in the serum of rats, and significantly increased the levels of cAMP, ALB and cAMP/cGMP. Moreover, there were certain differences between the processed and raw products of LLF. Compared with the raw group, processed LLF showed better effects in ALT, ALB, UREA, TP, cAMP, cAMP/cGMP and other aspects.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;The main active ingredients in LLF may participate in","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 8","pages":"Article 100554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality assessment and stoichiometric analysis of fresh Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ peels based on flavonoids spectrum, bioactivity, and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-fingerprint analysis","authors":"Yanyan MIAO ,&nbsp;Ruifei MA ,&nbsp;Zhanming TANG ,&nbsp;Chao CHEN ,&nbsp;Wensheng ZHANG","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dried and matured pericarp of <em>Citrus reticulata</em> 'Chachi' (CRC), also known as <em>Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae</em> Chachiensis, is a traditional Chinese medicine renowned for its expectorant properties and extensively studied for its efficacy in alleviating cough and asthma symptoms. Ensuring the quality control of fresh CRC is crucial for its efficacy and safety. This study evaluated the quality and efficacy of CRC from the main production areas in Xinhui District. First, multi-wavelength fusion technology was employed to establish ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) fingerprint analysis. Second, the <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant activity of fresh CRC peel samples was assessed using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) scavenging assays. Additionally, grey relational analysis (GRA) and partial least squares (PLS) modeling were used to correlate fingerprint patterns with efficacy parameters. Eleven major flavonoid compounds and total flavonoids were quantified across 26 samples. Finally, technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) analysis comprehensively evaluated the overall quality of fresh CRC peels from these production areas. The results demonstrated a high degree of similarity among the 26 samples, ranging from 0.850 to 0.997. Notably, 21 peaks were identified as significant contributors (variable importance in the projection (VIP) &gt; 0.7), including hesperidin, didymin, 3′-demethylnobiletin, and demethylnobiletin. Furthermore, TOPSIS and entropy weight analysis indicated that Gujing, Daze, and Luokeng exhibited superior overall quality. This study provides scientific evidence to support quality control and efficacy evaluation of fresh CRC peels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 7","pages":"Article 100552"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms of radix rehmanniae praeparata in treating blood deficiency: A study on chemistry, metabolomics, and gut microbiota","authors":"RuXi GAO,&nbsp;FanYi WANG,&nbsp;Xiang LIU,&nbsp;Chu YUAN,&nbsp;GuoShun SHAN","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the mechanism of Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata (RRP) in treating blood deficiency syndrome (BDS) by analyzing the changes in chemical components before and after processing, and its effects on metabolomics and gut microbiota in BDS mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographyquadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was employed to screen differential components before and after the processing of Radix Rehmanniae (RR). Pharmacodynamic studies were conducted to validate the therapeutic effects. Additionally, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, headspace sampling-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS), and 16sRNA sequencing were used to investigate the regulatory effects of RRP on metabolomics and the gut microbiota in BDS mice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The primary differential components identified were iridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, sugars, benzaldehydes, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its derivatives. RRP effectively ameliorated blood and energy metabolism in BDS mice. It regulates the biosynthesis pathway of unsaturated fatty acids, increases the abundance of Firmicutes to elevate butyric acid levels, and reduces the abundance of Bacteroidetes to downregulate acetic and propionic acid levels, thereby exerting therapeutic effects on BDS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>RRP attenuated the metabolic state of BDS mice by modulating metabolic pathways and gut microbiota balance, providing a scientific basis for its clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 7","pages":"Article 100548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of urate-lowering components in TongFengTangSan using an integrated strategy of affinity ultrafiltration, molecular docking and in vitro validation","authors":"Junying WU ,&nbsp;Qiong AN ,&nbsp;Zhenggen LIAO ,&nbsp;Yulin FENG ,&nbsp;Wuliang YANG ,&nbsp;Haifang CHEN ,&nbsp;Wugang ZHANG","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hyperuricemia arises from an imbalance between uric acid production and excretion, resulting in elevated systemic uric acid levels. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting both production and excretion pathways offer a promising approach for managing hyperuricemia. TongFengTangSan (TFTS) has been frequently utilized as the Tibetan prescription in treating hyperuricemia or gout, and its anti-hyperuricemia effect has been confirmed in our previous study. However, the urate-lowering components still remain unclear. Therefore, an integrative strategy was constructed to screen potential urate-lowering components from TFTS by combination with affinity ultrafiltration, molecular docking and <em>in vitro</em> validation. In the present study, the main active fraction of TFTS with xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect was screened out by xanthine oxidase inhibitory assay. The potential ligands in main active fraction were identified by affinity ultrafiltration experiment combined with enzyme channel blocking technology and explored by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Then, the screened ligands were further validated by <em>in vitro</em> xanthine oxidase inhibitory assay and molecular docking technique. Furthermore, the regulation effect on uric acid transporters of xanthine oxidase inhibitors was further evaluated by the over-expression of uric acid transporters in uric acid stimulated human Kidney-2 cell model by Western blot assay. In this study, the 60% ethanol-eluted fraction from the ethanol extract of TFTS was confirmed as the main fraction of TFTS with the best xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect. Three potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors were screened out from the 60% ethanol-eluted fraction, including 1,3,6-trigalloylglucose, 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose. Half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 1,3,6-trigalloylglucose, 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose for xanthine oxidase were 54.46, 15.91, 6.58 μg/mL, respectively. 1,3,6-trigalloylglucose, 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose were identified as mixed-type xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Additionally, these compounds demonstrated inhibitory effects on urate transporters 1 and glucose transporter 9. The combination strategy is suitable for screening active components with dual properties of inhibiting uric acid production and promoting uric acid excretion. 1,3,6-trigalloylglucose, 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose were identified as a potential urate-lowering drug and exhibited dual-target characteristics in uric acid metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 7","pages":"Article 100551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the mechanism of kaempferol in RSV-induced lung inflammation through metabolomics and network pharmacology","authors":"Sha ZHANG ,&nbsp;Kemeng CAO ,&nbsp;Peipei ZHAO ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan WANG ,&nbsp;Qiuyue XU ,&nbsp;Bin YUAN ,&nbsp;Mingchen JIANG","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading pathogens associated with hospitalization for childhood pneumonia and is associated with substantial morbidity and fatality among young children and infants. There are no specific antiviral treatments for RSV infections. Kaempferol, a flavonoid present in traditional Chinese medicines, possesses antiviral activity and may affect RSV-induced lung inflammation; however, this relationship remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We employed network pharmacology to forecast the mechanism of kaempferol in the treatment of RSV pneumonia, and used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to examine the metabolic profiles in serum. We then integrated the analysis of differential metabolites with potential targets using MetScape and assessed the interactions between kaempferol and the key targets through molecular docking. Molecular biology experiments confirmed these predictions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results demonstrated that kaempferol alleviated RSV-induced lung inflammation, inhibited viral replication, and reduced lung damage, possibly by modulating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Kaempferol primarily alleviates metabolic disorders by targeting amino acid metabolism. Molecular docking analysis indicated a strong binding affinity of kaempferol for AKT1, CASP3, SRC, EGFR, STAT1, and IL-2.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Kaempferol ameliorated the metabolic disruptions caused by RSV in the amino acid metabolism, via the JAK-STAT signaling cascade and mitigated the inflammatory response associated with RSV infection. This study not only provides foundational data for the broad application of kaempferol in anti-RSV research but also offers novel insights into the exploration of therapeutic mechanisms for RSV infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 7","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative tissue distribution analysis of Achyranthes bidentata Blume saponins via intragastric, intraperitoneal, and intravenous administration using simultaneous UPLC-MS/MS detection","authors":"Genhua ZHU ,&nbsp;Liji ZHONG ,&nbsp;Yonggui SONG ,&nbsp;Youhui ZHANG ,&nbsp;Luting YAN ,&nbsp;Zhifu AI ,&nbsp;Ming YANG ,&nbsp;Yali LIU ,&nbsp;Yuhui PING ,&nbsp;Huihui LIANG ,&nbsp;Dan SU","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saponins, the primary bioactive components of <em>Achyranthes bidentata Blum</em>e (AB), exhibit neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the lack of pharmacokinetic (PK) data, particularly on tissue distribution and first-pass effects, critically hinders their therapeutic development. Therefore, a rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method (9-min run time) was validated to simultaneously quantify five AB saponins in mice tissues (brain, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney; n = 5 per time point) at 10, 30, 60, 120, 240 min post-administration. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (<em>R</em>² &gt; 0.99, 1–2500 ng/mL), precision (RSD ≤ 7.04 %), accuracy (85%–115 %), and recovery rates (86.6%–97.2 %, RSD ≤ 11.39 %) per ICH M10 guidelines. The results demonstrate that the saponin concentrations in various tissues after IG and IP administration were lower compared to those after IV administration, with levels reaching only 10 % of the latter. Although all these compounds are pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins with an oleanane skeleton, their tissue distribution <em>in vivo</em> varies significantly. The elimination of achyranthoside D, ginsenoside R0, and araloside A is relatively slow in various tissues. In contrast, chikusetsusaponin IVa is rapidly eliminated from various tissues. The ability of four saponins to cross the blood-brain barrier is highly beneficial for the development of therapeutic drugs for central nervous system diseases. Additionally, the results from different administration routes indicate that AB saponins may exhibit a pronounced gastrointestinal and hepatic first-pass effect <em>in vivo</em>, which should be considered in future research. This study can guide multi-route study of AB saponins provides critical insights for formulation optimization and dosing regimen design to mitigate first-pass effects</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 7","pages":"Article 100549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality control methods established in view of the characteristics of component type of Yuhuang Shengji ointment based on HPLC, ICP-MS and GC e-nose","authors":"Kewei WANG ,&nbsp;Ying ZHANG ,&nbsp;Xilong QIAN ,&nbsp;Zheng LIU ,&nbsp;Weihua ZHANG ,&nbsp;Liu ZHOU ,&nbsp;Yanqiong PAN ,&nbsp;Liwen ZHENG ,&nbsp;Fang FANG ,&nbsp;Yang ZHANG ,&nbsp;Yehuang WANG ,&nbsp;Bin JIANG ,&nbsp;Shengjin LIU","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yuhuang Shengji ointment (YSO) is a traditional Chinese medicine clinical prescription from Professor Wang Yehuang, a famous Chinese medicine professor in Jiangsu Province, China. It is used for the treatment of postoperative healing of anal fistula in clinic practice. It is composed of Corydalis Rhizoma, Radix Sanguisorbae Carbonisata, Natrii Sulfas, Alumen Ustum, Plant Soot and Borneolum. It has the effects of eliminating dampness, astringing sores, hemostasis, pain relief, detumescence and muscle regeneration. According to the characteristics that YSO mainly contains inorganic, organic and volatile components, the comprehensive quality control of the ointment was achieved by different analytical methods. The organic components in the ointment were qualitatively analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to determine the main chemical components. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprint of the organic components of the ointment was further established. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technology is used to analyze the inorganic elements in ointment, which provides data support for the quality control of inorganic components. The flash GC e-nose is used for rapid detection of volatile substances in ointment, and the fingerprint of volatile components is established. The comprehensive use of these analytical techniques not only reflects the overall chemical characteristics of the ointment, but also helps to evaluate the consistency between different batches of products. This study successfully established a comprehensive quality analysis method, which provided a basis for the quality control of YSO. At the same time, it provides a more comprehensive quality control strategy for ointment which mainly contains organic, inorganic and volatile components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 7","pages":"Article 100550"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of illicit drugs in sediments using a modified QuEChERS method coupled with UPLC-MS/MS","authors":"Meng ZHANG,&nbsp;Changsheng GUO,&nbsp;Heng ZHANG,&nbsp;Yanghui DENG,&nbsp;Xu TAN,&nbsp;Ya GAO,&nbsp;Jian XU","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2025.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of illicit drugs in water has been extensively reported around the world, however, limited data are available in sediments, probably due to the lack of effective and robust analytical methods. This research established a sensitive method for determining 12 illicit drugs, including amphetamine, methamphetamine, methcathinone, ephedrine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-n-methamphetamine, norketamine, ketamine, benzoylecgonine, codeine, cocaine, and methadone in sediments. The combination of salt and solution (extraction step) and adsorbents (purification step) in the QuEChERS method was optimized to enhance the applicability and reliability of the analytical approach, which was subsequently combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The developed method demonstrated satisfactory linearity (<em>R</em>² &gt; 0.995) within 0.1 to 50 ng/g dry weight (dw), with limits of detection and quantification ranging from 0.0077 to 0.0299 ng/g dw and 0.0255 to 0.0996 ng/g dw, respectively. Recoveries of target drugs ranged from 60.5 % to 114.9 %, with intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations below 10.9 % and 12.3 %, respectively, which are within the acceptable limits. Application of the validated method to sediments from the Beiyunhe River Basin, China revealed the presence of nine out of twelve targeted drugs. Total drug concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 1.18 ng/g dw, with ephedrine being predominant, followed by amphetamine and methadone. Ecological risk assessments indicated low biological hazards from the detected drugs to aquatic ecosystems. However, due to their high polarity and biological activity, continued attention to the ecological risks of illicit drugs would provide greater reassurance. This research presents the first application of QuEChERS for extracting illicit drugs from sediments. The optimized method elucidates these emerging contaminants' behavior and facilitates accurate environmental risk assessments. Due to its high sensitivity, good recovery and precision, the method is well-suited to routine monitoring of trace-level illicit drugs in complex sediment matrices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"53 7","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}