{"title":"Gallstones causes and treatment: a review","authors":"Ban Mohan Mohsen, D. F. A. Mahdi Al-Nadawi","doi":"10.47587/sa.2023.4203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47587/sa.2023.4203","url":null,"abstract":"Gallstones are small stones found in the gallbladder. The size ranges from as small as a sand grain to as large as a golf ball. About of the American Medical Association, 80 % of gallstones are made of cholesterol, which improves when find more cholesterol in the gallbladder. The other causes have elevated levels of bilirubin and concentration of bile in the gallbladder. About 1 person from 10 people have gallstones, but the most of them are not aware because there are not cause any symptoms. This could be very painful and may be a must surgery or treatment to get rid of the gallbladder. Stones are formed in a number of human organs, such as stones in the kidneys, stones in the bladder, prostate, and salivary glands, as well as the gallbladder. Gallstones are aggregations of rough, solid bodies that may be very small, the size of a grain of corn, and may be as large as the gallbladder itself, or of different sizes between these two sizes.","PeriodicalId":273863,"journal":{"name":"Science Archives","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125882689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agharid A. Al-Rasheed, Mohammed A. Mustafa, Marwa T. Ahmed
{"title":"Complete blood count and some cytokines levels for COVID- 19 in diabetic patients","authors":"Agharid A. Al-Rasheed, Mohammed A. Mustafa, Marwa T. Ahmed","doi":"10.47587/sa.2022.3207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47587/sa.2022.3207","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is now a worldwide pandemic. The researchers are trying to find more about this virus in terms of diagnosis and management. Many researchers reported that the routine complete blood count is one of the main analyses to be performed for the patients as part of the confirmation test for the disease. We aim to find more about the complete blood count (CBC) of patients infected with COVID-19 and to see whether the results would show any significant differences regarding age and gender. A group of 95 diabetic patients with confirmed COVID-19 was admitted to the Salah El- Deen Hospital in Tikrit City, Iraq. The cases were collected and analyzed from January to December 2020. CBC analysis showed a significant difference in the values of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBC), Platelets (PLT), and its parameters (PDW & MPV) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in diabetic patients infected with COVID-19. Cytokines levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α) were all elevated and IL-6 is believed to be a reliable biomarker for COVID-19 detection.","PeriodicalId":273863,"journal":{"name":"Science Archives","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123941083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and diabetes Type 1,2: a review","authors":"Hawraa Aqel Abdulmonem, Hanaa Ali Aziz","doi":"10.47587/sa.2022.3411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47587/sa.2022.3411","url":null,"abstract":"Types 1 and 2 diabetes are predisposed to people with vitamin D deficiency, and immune cells and beta cells were found to include receptors for vitamin D’s activated form, 1 α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Type II diabetes was linked to vitamin D deficiency, which was proven to affect insulin synthesis and secretion in people and diabetes-prone animals. In addition, epidemiological research suggests a connection of the deficiency of vitamin D in adolescence with type I diabetes onset later in life. Various polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor genes have been linked to type I diabetes in certain groups. Pharmacological dosages of 1 α, 25-di-hydroxyvitamin D3, or its structural counterparts were proven in tests on nonobese diabetic mice to postpone the onset of diabetes, mostly by modulating the immune system. Thus, vitamin D deficiency could have an influence upon etiology of both types of diabetes, and a deeper comprehension of the underlying mechanisms might help create preventative measures.","PeriodicalId":273863,"journal":{"name":"Science Archives","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127748582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anther types of angiosperms within floristic diversity of Durgawadi plateau, Northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India","authors":"Balasaheb Shantilal Kale","doi":"10.47587/sa.2022.3305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47587/sa.2022.3305","url":null,"abstract":"Durgawadi plateau situated in the Northern Western Ghats of Junnar tehsil, Pune district (Maharashtra state) India comes under reserved biodiversity evergreen forest type. The continuous repetitive investigation of anther type special based on the mode of anther dehiscence considers 220 dicotyledonsyledon angiosperms species belonging to 161 genera of 66 plant families. The two main types of anther dehiscence were observed longitudinal and poricidal. Among these subtypes of longitudinal dehiscence, the extrorse dehiscence type is most commonly found in 25 families. Another sub-type of longitudinal dehiscences such as introrse dehiscence, latrorse dehiscence, and poricidal dehiscence types were found in 24, 18 & 1 families accordingly. Anther longitudinal dehiscence in introrse type is most commonly observed in 98 species, followed by extrorse, latrorse, and poricidal types were found in 70, 62, and 9 taxa respectively.","PeriodicalId":273863,"journal":{"name":"Science Archives","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127864833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suhayla K. Mohammed, Ebaa A. Hamooshy, Gulboy Abdolmajeed Nasir
{"title":"Medical application of Chitosan","authors":"Suhayla K. Mohammed, Ebaa A. Hamooshy, Gulboy Abdolmajeed Nasir","doi":"10.47587/sa.2022.3313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47587/sa.2022.3313","url":null,"abstract":"By using the deacetylation method, chitin is converted into bioproduct chitosan. Deacetylation can be accomplished using chemical or biological mechanisms. Due to its biocompatibility, nontoxicity, biodegradability, natural origin, and resemblance to human macromolecules, it is useful in medicine. Chitosan may have antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Additionally, it could be used in biotechnology, agriculture, gene therapy, food technology, medication delivery, cancer therapy, and other fields. The objective of the current review was to list the most significant applications of Chitosan in the biomedical field.","PeriodicalId":273863,"journal":{"name":"Science Archives","volume":"45 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120900641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Al-Rubaye, Talib Saleh Al-Rubaye, Marwa Shaker, Hassan M Naif
{"title":"Recent outbreaks of crimean–congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Iraq","authors":"D. Al-Rubaye, Talib Saleh Al-Rubaye, Marwa Shaker, Hassan M Naif","doi":"10.47587/sa.2022.3205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47587/sa.2022.3205","url":null,"abstract":"Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is an emerging zoonotic disease defined as a disease that passes from an animal or insect to a human. It is responsible for several deaths in humans, while the hosts, like cows, sheep, and goats are not affected. The CCHF was recognized for the first time in Iraq in 1979 where the virus was isolated from human cases and characterized. Since then, several small-scale outbreaks have been reported in 2019, 2021, and 2022. During this period, awareness workshops were conducted targeting government officials, veterinarians, medical doctors, and assistant staff. A strong collaboration strategy was put into place between these sectors together with the united nation office in Baghdad. These resulted in accelerating of the implementation of the amendment of the Veterinary Medical Progression Law 2021, establishing a supreme Committee for Epidemiological Disease Control supervised by the Council of Ministers and forming a collaboration crisis cell from Baghdad and other municipalities and ministries concerned, and placed detailed safety, one health and control measures for all parties involved. The current outbreak cases reached 90 cases with 18 deaths with the majority being in Thi-Qar Governorate. The current situation is difficult to deal with such a highly virulent virus due to the unavailability of an effective vaccine nor BSL-4 facility to safely deal/handle the virus in the country.","PeriodicalId":273863,"journal":{"name":"Science Archives","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128725297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of IgG and IgM levels on clinical symptoms of people who have recovered from SARS-Cov-2","authors":"Enass Waad Al-hadidi, Mahmoud Abduljabbar Altobji","doi":"10.47587/sa.2022.3310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47587/sa.2022.3310","url":null,"abstract":"The factors that influence SARS-CoV-2 antibody development are currently unknown. This study aims to detect these factors in COVID-19 patients who have recovered. ELISA was used to measure IgG and IgM levels in 188 serum samples. The results showed that 94.03% of patients had IgG and 5.22% had IgM. IgG concentrations peaked at 6 months after infection, while IgM concentrations peaked at 8 months after infection. This study revealed that the fever, joint, and muscle discomfort had the greatest percentages of 75% and 27.9%, respectively, with a significant association with IgG. There is a correlation between IgM and conjunctivitis at P <0.01. IgG and IgM levels correlate with age (15-35years). The varied levels of IgG and IgM have a distinct and visible effect on the overall clinical symptoms, with or without a correlation. The understanding of several biological and serological factors in patients who have recovered may be useful in this effort.","PeriodicalId":273863,"journal":{"name":"Science Archives","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125682877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Student’s attitude towards science learning in lower secondary school under Tashi Yantse Dzongkhag, Bhutan","authors":"Karchung","doi":"10.47587/sa.2021.2313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47587/sa.2021.2313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":273863,"journal":{"name":"Science Archives","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115406444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rawad Khalaf Hameed, R. Z. Al-sugmiany, Hisham Majeed Shlash, Maan Hasan Salih
{"title":"Detecting the effects of Wi-Fi waves on phenotypic and molecular markers of Vicia faba L.","authors":"Rawad Khalaf Hameed, R. Z. Al-sugmiany, Hisham Majeed Shlash, Maan Hasan Salih","doi":"10.47587/sa.2022.3206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47587/sa.2022.3206","url":null,"abstract":"The study objective was to evaluate the effects of exposure Vicia faba to Wi-Fi waves on growth and molecular levels. The seeds of the Vicia faba plant were soaked for 48 hours, then the seeds were divided into five groups, four for treatments and one for the control group, phenotypic characteristics were recorded, while the molecular markers were evaluated using RAPD-PCR markers to detect the effect of waves on DNA sequence. Morphological study, the highest plant height recorded in treatment B that was 123.9 followed by C, D and E. As for the bean pod number, the treatment E was 13.6 that showed the highest number that followed by D, C and B. For the seed number, the highest was E 34.4 seed that followed by D, B and C treatments. The number of leaves in the plants, the highest was in treatment B that was 251 followed by C, D and E treatments respectively. The leaf measurements recorded, the highest leaf area was in the treatment E that was 3.2-6.1 followed by D, C and B treatments respectively. Most of the treatments were distinguished by unique bands and absent of all mutant bands (51), unique bands (33) and absent bands (18), the treatment E (60) day got a higher number of unique bands that were (12), and the treatment B (15) day have got (4) bands, while the absent bands the treatment D (45) day got a higher number of the absent bands that were (6), and the treatment B (15) day got (4) bands. There was a difference in the results between the morphological and molecular markers because of the difference in mutation frequency on the genome of their coding and noncoding DNA. The Wi-Fi waves induced mutations in the genome of Vicia faba L. and the mutations increased with the period of exposure of the plant to the Wi-Fi waves. The efficiency of the RAPD markers was high in detecting the producing mutation in the genome of Vicia faba L","PeriodicalId":273863,"journal":{"name":"Science Archives","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123366697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}