{"title":"High-Resolution Correlator Based Detection of GPS Spoofing Attacks Using the LASSO","authors":"Erick Schmidt, Nikolaos Gatsis, D. Akopian","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109959","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a novel sparsity-based decomposition method for the correlator output signals in GPS receivers capable of detecting spoofing attacks. We model complex correlator outputs of the received signal to form a dictionary of triangle-shaped replicas and employ a sparsity technique that selects potential matching triangle replicas from said dictionary. We formulate an optimization problem at the receiver correlator domain by using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) to find sparse code-phase peaks where such triangle-shaped delays are located. The optimal solution of this optimization technique discriminates two different code-phase values as authentic and spoofed peaks in a sparse vector output. We use a threshold to mitigate false alarms. Additionally, we present an expansion of the model by enhancing the dictionary to a collection of shifted triangles with higher resolution. Our experiments are able to discriminate authentic and spoofer peaks from synthetic GPS-like simulations. We also test our method on a real dataset, namely the Texas Spoofing Test Battery (TEXBAT). Our method achieves less than 1% detection error rate (DER) in nominal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131612871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intercepting Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Swarms with Neural- Network-Aided Game-Theoretic Target Assignment","authors":"Nicholas G. Montalbano, T. Humphreys","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110234","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the use of neural networks to perform low-level control calculations within a larger game-theoretic framework for drone swarm interception. As unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) become more capable and less expensive, their malicious use becomes a greater public threat. This paper examines the problem of intercepting rogue UAV swarms by exploiting the underlying game-theoretic nature of large-scale pursuit-evasion games to develop locally optimal profiles for target assignment. It paper also examines computationally efficient means to streamline this process.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121269840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overbounding GNSS/INS Integration with Uncertain GNSS Gauss-Markov Error Parameters","authors":"Omar García Crespillo, M. Joerger, S. Langel","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109874","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of GNSS with Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) has the potential to achieve high levels of continuity and availability as compared to standalone GNSS and therefore to satisfy stringent navigation requirements. However, robustly accounting for time-correlated measurement errors is a challenge when designing the Kalman filter (KF) used for GNSS/INS coupling. In particular, if the error processes are not fully known, the KF estimation error covariance can be misleading, which is problematic in safety-critical applications. In this paper, we design a GNSS/INS integration scheme that guarantees upper bounds on the estimation error variance assuming that measurement errors are first-order Gauss-Markov processes with parameters only known to reside within pre-established bounds. We evaluate the filter performance and guaranteed estimation by covariance analysis for a simulated precision approach procedure.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115921153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Zuehlke, T. Henderson, T. A. Lovell, Alex Sizemore
{"title":"An End-to-End Process for Local Space Situational Awareness from Optical Observers","authors":"D. Zuehlke, T. Henderson, T. A. Lovell, Alex Sizemore","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109868","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a generalized method of observation, association, and orbit determination of space objects from one or more observers equipped with optical cameras. The basic steps in the process include image acquisition, image processing, space object identification, tracklet association, and initial and/or precise orbit determination. The first portion of this process is detailed herein (to include object identification), and results are shown and evaluated for representative scenarios. Scenarios presented utilize ground-based optical imagery as a proof of concept for the method outlined.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115127111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Zotov, A. Srivastava, Ken Kwon, Jeremy Frank, Erwin Parco, Martin Williams, S. Shtigluz, Kenneth Lyons, M. Frazee, D. Hoyh, A. Lu
{"title":"Compact In-Run Navigation Grade IMU Based on Quartz MEMS","authors":"S. Zotov, A. Srivastava, Ken Kwon, Jeremy Frank, Erwin Parco, Martin Williams, S. Shtigluz, Kenneth Lyons, M. Frazee, D. Hoyh, A. Lu","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109851","url":null,"abstract":"Emcore has demonstrated a miniaturized Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), based on Systron Donner Inertial technology, with in-run navigation grade performance. The compact IMU is based on three quartz MEMS Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscopes (CVG) and three quartz MEMS resonant accelerometers. Experimental characterization of the gyroscopes revealed angle random walk of lower than 0.0008 °/ $sqrt{}$ hr (0.05 (°/hr)/ $sqrt{}$ Hz) with bias instability of 0.005 °/hr at stable temperature and on the order of 0.01 °/hr at uncontrolled temperature. The accelerometers demonstrated a velocity random walk of 50 ug/ $sqrt{}$ Hz, with bias instability of a few $mu$ g. This performance was achieved within the SDI500 form factor of 19 cubic inches.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116294140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An UWB-based communication protocol design for an infrastructure-free cooperative navigation","authors":"Jianan Zhu, Solmaz S. Kia","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110154","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we design a practical medium access control (MAC) protocol for an infrastructure-free cooperative navigation method for a group of firefighters which utilizes an ultra-wideband (UWB) technology for inter-agent ranging and communication. Specifically, our focus in this paper is on developing a communication protocol for the DWM1000 UWB transceiver that works in a robust and energy-efficient manner for our cooperative navigation system. Our proposed solution is a dynamic time division multiple access (DTDMA) in conjunction with a novel negotiation-based rescheduling method. The negotiation-based rescheduling method is designed based on the characteristic features of our cooperative navigation algorithm of interest. We demonstrate our result using a field test and a complexity analysis.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123271405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the calibration aspects of MEMS-IMUs used in micro UAVs for sensor orientation","authors":"P. Clausen, J. Skaloud","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110160","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a three step procedure to improve attitude determination by MEMS-IMU sensors on board a small UAV. IMU pre-calibration is performed first and only once in the lab; second in a simplified version and for every switch-on in the field. Together, they remove the prevailing part of sensor deterministic errors, which in turn improves the quality of coarse and subsequently fine alignment. At the same time this allows to proceed further during a flight with noise reduction using multiple IMUs through a simple procedure, which is the third and final phase prior the conventional INS/GNSS integration via Kalman filtering and smoothing. The effectiveness of this approach are demonstrated practically i) with respect to a continuous absolute reference on board of a helicopter performing laser-scanning and ii) with a small fixed-wing UAV employed for high-resolution mapping.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124059878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep Learning-Aided Spatial Discrimination for Multipath Mitigation","authors":"Ali A. Abdallah, Z. Kassas","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9109935","url":null,"abstract":"A deep learning-aided spatial discriminator for multipath mitigation is developed. The proposed system compensates for the limitations of conventional beamforming approaches, especially at the stages of: prefiltering, model order estimation (MOE), and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. Three environments are considered to design and train the proposed deep neural networks (DNNs): indoor office buildings, indoor open ceiling, and outdoor urban area. The performance of the proposed DNN-based MOE is compared to the conventional approaches of minimum description length (MDL) criterion and Akaike information criterion (AIC). The proposed DNN-based MOE is shown to significantly outperform existing approaches and to increase the degrees-of-freedom. Four experiments are presented to assess the performance of the proposed system in multipath-rich environments corresponding to indoor pedestrian navigation and ground vehicle urban navigation with cellular long-term evolution (LTE) signals. The proposed system exhibited a position root mean-squared error (RMSE) of 1.67 m, 3.38 m, 1.73 m, and 2.16 m.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124635872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Implementation of a Software Defined Radio GNSS Receiver Based on OpenCL","authors":"Janos Buttgereit, T. Schwarte, G. Kappen","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110191","url":null,"abstract":"During the design and implementation of digital circuits for various applications, mapping of algorithms to different hardware components is a central task to achieve best in class performance (e.g., low power consumption per position fix, position accuracy and position deviation for satellite navigation receivers). During the last decade software defined radio receivers (SDRs) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) based receivers gain more and more importance during the prototyping phase and for receivers with an expected low volume production. These receivers are also of special interest during the introduction of new signals and frequency bands. FPGA based receivers allow a flexible design and the implementation of highly parallel digital logic and software based processing at the same time. The fundamental drawback of FPGA based GNSS receiver solutions is the high design complexity and the enlarged design space. In this context the design space describes the number of parameters the designer has to consider, to optimize the final design for a given application. Successful navigation in this design space, requires experience in various disciplines (e.g. Radio Frequency (RF) engineering, signal processing, GNSS algorithm design). The main idea of this paper is to ease the design, simulation and cost optimization of Software Defined Radio (SDR) GNSS receivers, implemented on standard PCs, Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) and FPGAs. The idea is to describe the receiver architecture and the receiver specifications at a very high and thus understandable level. During the next step a compiler maps the different receiver signal processing blocks to the existing hardware (i.e. General Purpose Computer (GPC), FPGA or GPU). Using this approach, the most time consuming parts (i.e. design description and specification) have to be done only once and the design is based on a single code base.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125322353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Joint Train Localization and Track Identification based on Earth Magnetic Field Distortions","authors":"B. Siebler, O. Heirich, S. Sand, U. Hanebeck","doi":"10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS46316.2020.9110149","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a train localization method is proposed that uses local variations of the earth magnetic field to determine the topological position of a train in a track network. The approach requires a magnetometer triad, an accelerometer, and a map of the magnetic field along the railway tracks. The estimated topological position comprises the along-track position that defines the position of the train within a certain track and the track ID that specifies the track the train is driving on. The along-track position is estimated by a a recursive Bayesian filter and the track ID is found from a hypothesis test. In particular the use of multiple particle filter, each estimating the position on different track hypothesis, is proposed. Whenever the estimated train position crosses a switch, a particle filter for each possible track is created. With the position estimates of the different filters, the likelihood for each track hypothesis is calculated from the measured magnetic field and the expected magnetic field in the map. A comparison of the likelihoods is subsequently used to decide which track is the most likely. After a decision for a track is made, the unnecessary filters are deleted. The feasibility of the proposed localization method is evaluated with measurement data recorded on a regional train. In the evaluation, the localization method was running in real time and overall an RMSE below five meter could be achieved and all tracks were correctly identified.","PeriodicalId":273568,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117237722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}