Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]最新文献

{"title":"Simbolist’uri kalakis mxat’vrul-msoplmxedvelobrivi ret’rosp’ekt’iva Sandro cirekidzis miniat’urebshi /სიმბოლისტური ქალაქის მხატვრულ-მსოფლმხედველობრივი რეტროსპექტივა სანდრო ცირეკიძის მინიატურებში [Artistic-Worldview Retrospective of Symbolist Сity in Miniatures by Sandro Tsirekidze]","authors":"Tamar Paichadze","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.13putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.13putk","url":null,"abstract":"In literary studies, there is a firmly rooted idea that generally the genre specificity of the symbolist creative thought is merely poetic imagology, however, the genre area in the European history of Symbolism has also embraced prose, fiction, drama, miniature literature as well as essays.\u0000In this regard, the Georgian Symbolist school which represents a creative variation of the European narrative is consistent. Sandro Tsirekidze’s name is unquestionably associated with the history of the Georgian Symbolist prose; he, all the way through his life and work, fully embraced the destiny of the so-called “cursed poets” and the fate of the “forgotten artists”, although, back then, he along with others from the Blue Horns was constructing the new history of the Georgian literature.\u0000Sandro Tsirekidze’s ideas about literature and art serve as another analogue of the assessment of creative events, performed professionally with a then-innovative and modern approach. These attitudes have been demonstrated in his miniatures in which the Georgian reflection of the creative and worldview discourse of Paul Verlaine, Émile Verhaeren, Arthur Rimbaud, Georges Rodenbach, Valery Bryusov, and other Symbolists becomes fully conscious.\u0000For the character of Sandro Tsirekidze’s miniatures, the city is the space for action as well as the space for thinking; the city which, at the same time, is a symbolic binary essence, and an artistic and creative stepping stone. Here, the author’s subjective opinions and attitudes undergo a certain artistic transformation, when the author rather proceeds along the “footbridge” of literature positioned between the emotion and analysis, where the author’s genuine emotional experiences are explicitly identified.\u0000The city text by Sandro Tsirekidze is related to the conceptual symbolist perception. It is the complex of concepts, motifs and plots, which covers the author’s model of city life – both generally and in its private manifestations.","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121124493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"St’andart’uli ena da kartuli enis ortograpiuli leksik’onebi /სტანდარტული ენა და ქართული ენის ორთოგრაფიული ლექსიკონები [Standard Language and Orthographic Dictionaries of Georgian Language]","authors":"Rusudan Saghinadze","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.14putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.14putk","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines two main factors causing modern language disorders\u0000in modern Georgian written and spoken language, such as: A. Contradiction\u0000between the norms of the modern Georgian literary language and living speech;\u0000B. Contradiction in the norms of the modern Georgian literary language itself.\u0000We aim to show the contradictory situation caused by these two factors in\u0000the resources that should be used to maintain the standard of this or that word\u0000form. We mean orthographic dictionaries of the Georgian language, including\u0000such a fundamental dictionary as V. Topuria and Iv. Gigineishvili’s “orthographic\u0000dictionary of the Georgian language” (1968; 1998), as well as electronic dictionaries\u0000and other publications (collections). In the lexical material, the qualitative\u0000difference in the standard language resources makes some norms controversial,\u0000which contributes to the emergence of language form variants, incorrect forms\u0000next to the correct ones, and, moreover, hinders the updating of the norm, and the\u0000development of a new linguistic standard. This problem became even more acute\u0000when the project of a young specialist, data scientist and programmer Vakhtang\u0000Elerdashvili called “Incorrect-Print-Finder” – a morphological checker of errors in\u0000the text – appeared on the social network (Facebook). The aim of the project is to\u0000create a perfect text analyzer in Georgian.\u0000The paper analyzes the relevant material reflecting the contradictory\u0000situation in the standard language resources, outlines the ways to solve the\u0000problem, concludes that the material in the standard language resources should be\u0000united (processed) and a united orthographic database, an extensive orthographic\u0000electronic dictionary with the function of constantly updating the norms of the\u0000Georgian literary language should be created.\u0000საკვანძო სიტყვები: სალიტერატურო ენა, ნორმა, ენობრივი წინააღმდეგობა.\u0000Keywords: literary language,, norm, linguistic contradiction.","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124245454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vanler daiselis ena /ვანლერ დაისელის პოეზიის ენა [The Language of Vanler Daiseli’s Poetry]","authors":"Maka Beridze","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.06putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.06putk","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the linguistic features of Vanler Daiseli’s poetry and reveals linguistic specificities to the extent that the language of poetry, in general, differs from the language of other genres of literature, as well as from ordinary spoken language. The poet’s work is unknown to Georgian readers, just as no extensive research has been done on the literary group of the early 20th century called the “Somnambulebi”. The young Vanler Daiseli was one of the members of the group. In the course of the research, the descriptive method and the analysis and comparison method have been applied, and the bibliographical and theoretical examination has been performed.\u0000The peculiarities of Vanler Daiseli’s poetic language are formed from several characteristics. The language that is used often rejects traditional syntax, grammar, and punctuation. The peculiarity is manifested mainly in the order of words. The free syntax is used.\u0000Poetic language is strongly influenced by spoken language. The construction of images is an important feature of poetry: repetition, parallelism, metaphor, and so on. Rhetoric replaces syntax insofar as it is related to the rearrangement of words.\u0000The author uses the “foreground” as an aesthetic phenomenon of expressiveness of the language. Linguistic components are another feature of his poetry. The author tries to “modify grammar”. Grammar rules change in poetic language, and modified linguistic units are employed. The poet applies lexical, grammatical, and semantic deviations.საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული პოეზია, პოეტური ენა, პოეტური სინტაქსი, ვანლერ დაისელი.Keywords: Georgian poetry, poetic language, poetic syntax, Vanler Daiseli.","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132966109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brunvata sist’emis sc’avlebisatvis sajaro sk’olashi /ბრუნვათა სისტემის სწავლებისათვის საჯარო სკოლაში [For Teaching the Case System in the Public School]","authors":"Iamze Vashakidze","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.08putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.08putk","url":null,"abstract":"In parallel with the developing modern technologies, it becomes increasingly important to produce textbooks that are based on logical approaches. Our goal is to develop such ”standardized rules of the declension of nominals that will facilitate both analysis and synthesis of word forms of nominals in modern Georgian ”.\u0000The article deals with the issue of teaching the case system of Georgian by taking into consideration the 5th- and 7th-grade textbooks written by different authors using different approaches. In the available textbooks, Georgian cases are taught separately from the so-called postpositional forms of cases; this prevents the pupils from having a systemic understanding of the material. The origin of the problem should be sought in the definition of the category of case and the confusion of diachronic and synchronic aspects in textbooks: the history of the development of the grammatical phenomenon is one thing, the current state of it is another.\u0000The article deals with the classification of the case system in Georgian on the synchronic level based on logical rules – the approach is a particular novelty in terms of the methodology of teaching the case system of the Georgian language. The basic postulates are as follows:\u00001. The term “case” is defined as the morphological category of nominals, within the scope of which the formative suffix adds the grammatical function to a wordform (leaving the lexical meaning unchanged);\u00002. The case is a combination of a noun stem and a case marker;\u00003. The case marker may be simple (-ს [-s], -ის [-is], -ით[-it], ად[-ad], etc.) or complex//compound (-სში [-sši] “in”, -ისგან [-isgan] “from (anim.)”, -იდან [-idan] / -დან [-dan] from (inanimate), -ამდე [-amde] / -მდე [-mde] “up to”, etc.).\u0000According to the classification on the synchronic level, three logically differentiated types of cases are identified in the Georgian language: \u00001. a simple case: nominal stem + simple case marker (დედა-ს [deda-s] “mother/to mother”, ქვეყნ-ად [kveqnad] “on the earth”); \u00002. a complex (compound) case: nominal stem + complex (compound) case\u0000marker (ლომ-ივით [lomi-vit] “like a lion”, ხე-სთან [xe-stan] “at the tree”); a\u0000complex case marker is constructed by merging a simple case marker with a postposition\u0000and expresses additional grammatical or semantic nuances;\u00003. a case with a postposition: nominal stem + simple case marker + separate\u0000auxiliary word //postposition (კაც-ის მიერ / გამო [kac-is mier/gamo “by / because\u0000of a man”).\u0000The proposed approach will simplify the process of learning and understanding\u0000the paradigm of the noun in a systemic way, on the one hand, and will assist in\u0000developing the software for machine translation, on the other hand.\u0000საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული ენა, ბრუნვათა სისტემა, რთული და მარტივი\u0000ბრუნვები, თანდებულიანი ბრუნვები.\u0000Keywords: Georgian language, case system, simple and complex cases, cases with\u0000postpositions.","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126227565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Msoplio imp’eriata k’avk’asiuri gambit’i da erek’le meore /მსოფლიო იმპერიათა კავკასიური გამბიტი და ერეკლე მეორე [The Caucasian Gambit of World Empires and Erekle II]","authors":"Mamuka Natsvaladze","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.11putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.11putk","url":null,"abstract":"The current study is the first attempt to examine the relations between Russia and Georgia within the context of international political processes of the second half of the 18th century, in particular, the Seven Years’ War, the plan for the redistribution of Europe, and the “Greek Project”.\u0000The global historical process of the second half of the 18th century is of special importance for the proper assessment of the history of Georgia. The Russian and Soviet historiography deliberately distorted the facts and events of the time leading to the improper assessment of the annexation of Georgia and the Caucasus. The European contacts of King Erekle II of Kartli-Kakheti were deliberately erased, and hence the Caucasus was declared a geostrategic space on Russian orbit and was artificially separated from the global historical processes. Therefore, a violent political act, the conquest of Georgia was disguised as an alliance corresponding to the idea of Christian common faith.\u0000The article analyzes the reasons the members of the European system of international relations did not like the existence of a powerful state in the Caucasus (the Austrian Empire being an exception). The strategic foreign policy directions of the Austrian Empire were also analyzed, making it obvious once again that the only ally of Erekle II was the Emperor of Austria.საკვანძო სიტყვები: ბერძნული პროექტი, ოსმალეთის იმპერია, ქართლ-კახეთის სამეფო, ერეკლე II, რუსეთის იმპერია.Keywords: Greek Project, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti, Erekle II, Russian Empire.","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133581655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"kartuli mc’erlobis sakitxebi aleksandre manvelishvilis naazrevshi /ქართული მწერლობის საკითხები ალექსანდრე მანველიშვილის ნააზრევში [Issues of Georgian Literature according to the Worldview of Alexander Manvelishvili]","authors":"Avtandil Nikoleishvili","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.03putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.03putk","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the fact that the history of Georgia was the main research interest of Alexander Manvelishvili (1904-1997), the Georgian emigrant scholar, who lived in Europe and America for a long period of time, the history of Georgian literature was another area of study among his scholarly interests.\u0000His publications related to Georgian literature could be divided into four major parts: First- the essays which reveal the main tendencies of the development of the ancient Georgian literature, and second-Rustvelological works. Apart from publishing numerous articles related to this field in the Georgian emigrant press, he also dedicated a monograph to the study of the issues pertaining to Rustaveli’s poem. The monograph was entitled “The Knight in the Panther’s Skin and Moral Ideology of Rustaveli”. The third part of his works offers the analysis of writings by the 19th-century Georgian authors. Lastly, his articles should be identified as the fourth part of his works that manifest Alexander Manvelishvili’s literary perspective, which discusses certain examples of the works of several Georgian writers in the past century. Those studies that provide the assessment of literary ideas of Georgian emigrant authors acquire particular importance.\u0000Unfortunately, Alexander Manvelishvili’s versatile career and his scientific-literary heritage have not been the focus of an in-depth study which should certainly be considered as a serious pitfall of Kartvelology.\u0000საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული მწერლობის ისტორია, ქართველი ემიგრანტი მეცნიერები, ალექსანდრე მანველიშვილი.\u0000Keywords: History of Georgian Literature, Georgian emigrant Scholars, Alexander Manvelishvili.","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125236980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","authors":"","doi":"10.54635/tpks","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117139989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Svanuri zghap’rebis uordrop’iseul targmanta okspordis universit’et’shi /სვანური ზღაპრების უორდროპისეულ თარგმანთა ხელნაწერები ოქსფორდის უნივერსიტეტში [Manuscripts of Svan Fairy Tales translated by Marjory Wardrop at the University of Oxford]","authors":"Iza Chantladze, Pikria Apkhaidze, Nana Kavtaradze","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.20putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.20putk","url":null,"abstract":"The Bodleian Library of the University of Oxford has preserved in its collection \u0000the “Svan Fairy Tales compiled “by the Free Svan”, Kutaisi 1893“. The Svan fairy \u0000tales, rendered into Georgian by Besarion Nizharadze are truly interesting not only in \u0000terms of their plot but also from the perspective of ethnolinguistics. \u0000The diverse Svan materials translated by Sir Oliver and Marjory Wardrops \u0000have been preserved in the collection of Oriental manuscripts at the Bodleian Library \u0000up to the present day. They include the legend related to the name of Prometheus and \u0000the study entitled Transcaucasian folktales about Prometheus, translated into English \u0000by Sir Oliver Wardrop and the English translation of the Svan fairy tales by Marjory \u0000Wardrop (which remain unpublished).\u0000As Professor Gillian Evison, Chair of the Marjory Wardrop Fund stated, the \u0000above-mentioned collection contains numerous manuscripts of Georgian fairy tales, \u0000however, those of the Svan origin have not been identified yet due to the absence \u0000of scholars specializing in the Svan language at Oxford University. The English translation by Marjory Wardrop of the Svan Fairy Tales, rendered into Georgian by \u0000Besarion Nizharadze is preserved in the form of the manuscript. The text, written \u0000down from almost a century and a half ago, is represented in such cursive handwriting \u0000that is difficult to read for even modern readers of English. The manuscript has \u0000been deciphered with the help of British citizens. We would like to thank Professor \u0000George Hewitt who arranged the digital version of the manuscript containing Marjory \u0000Wardrop’s English translation of the Georgian rendering of the Svan “Amirani”, \u0000which facilitated the ethnolinguistic analysis of the fairy tale.\u0000Sir Oliver and Marjory Wardrops found Caucasian folklore and, specifically, \u0000epic poetry very attractive. In their manuscripts, phraseological expressions are what \u0000first of all capture our attention. The language of the Svan Fairy Tales is primarily of \u0000general linguistic importance, in terms of diglossic specificity, and their manuscripts \u0000containing the English translation generate even more interest through the prism of \u0000bilingualism.\u0000საკვანძო სიტყვები: სვანური ზღაპრების ინგლისური თარგმანი, ბოდლეს \u0000წიგნთსაცავი, ბესარიონ ნიჟარაძე, მარჯორი უორდროპი. \u0000Keywords: English translation of Svan fairy tales, The Bodleian Library, Besarion \u0000Nizharadze, Marjory Wardrop.","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123943898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kvlav krist’e aghsdga! /კვლავ „ქრისტე აღსდგა!” [Once Again Qriste Aġsdga! (Christ Is Risen!)]","authors":"Damana Melikishvili","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.10putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.10putk","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper deals with the problem of the use of parallel forms “qriste aġ-s-dga” - or “qriste aġ-dga” in the modern standard Georgian language. Based on the diachronic analysis of the system and construction of the polypersonal Georgian verb, it is argued that in this syntagma aġ-s-dga is not monopersonal, but a bipersonal verb: aġ-s-dga igi mas (queyanasa /zeda/) (he is risen above it (Earth) - queskneliT//jojoxeTiT (-gan) (from hell). Here the prefix s- is used correctly according to the norms of the old Georgian language: it is a marker of an indirect object in the dative case (queyanasa) (above Earth).\u0000“qriste aġsdga!” refers to the unique, sacred event - the resurrection of Christ. Only on the Feast of the Resurrection of Christ, it is said: “qriste aġ-s-dga mkvdreTiT (queskneliT, jojoxeTiT), sikudilisa sikudiliTa damTrgunveli da saflavebis SinaTa cxovrebis mimniWebeli” (= Christ is risen from the dead (from hell), trampling down death by death, and upon those in the tombs bestowing life): only Christ, trampling down death, “aġ-s-dga queskneliT” (qvesknelidan, jojoxeTiT -gan)” (is risen from hell), queyanasa (zeda)” (above Earth).\u0000Thus, through the polypersonal verb created by Georgian analytical and synthetical way of thinking, physical and metaphysical phenomena are distinguished from one another and a unique event is revealed - the sacral mystery of the resurrection of Christ from the dead.საკვანძო სიტყვები: ქართული ენა, ქართული ზმნის მრავალპირიანობა, კანონიკური ფორმა.Keywords: Georgian Language, Polypersonalism of Georgian Verbs, Canonical Form.","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123708476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"kartuli etnok’ult’uruli realiebi kartul-germanul leksikonebshi /ქართული ეთნოკულტურული რეალიები ქართულ-გერმანულ ლექსიკონებში [Georgian Ethno-Cultural Realities as seen in the Georgian-German Dictionaries]","authors":"Rusudan Zekalashvili","doi":"10.54635/tpks.2022.09putk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54635/tpks.2022.09putk","url":null,"abstract":"Names of ethnocultural realities occur in every language. They pose quite serious challenges to lexicographers in the process of compiling translation dictionaries. The reason for that is often the untranslatability of such words and the absence of their precise equivalents in other languages. This is a serious problem when compiling any translation dictionary but at the same time, the entirety of such lexical units create the national and linguistic image of the Universe.\u0000There is not a single uniform opinon about the classification of the ethnocultural lexis among the linguists. Some of them consider that such lexis includes idioms, phraseologisms, proverbs, and even proper names.\u0000When incorporating the names of ethnocultural realities in the dictionary, it is essential to select such words beforehand and divide them into thematic groups, on the one hand, and to explore and discover the relevant translation tools, on the other hand. One of the functions of the translation dictionaries is to deliver the culturological data by means of the words of ethnocultural content.\u0000We have analyzed some of the Georgian-German dictionaries (i.e. K. Tschenkéli, 1965-1974; R. Zekalashvili, 2009) from the above-mentioned perspective. Some thematic groups were selected from the available words of ethnocultural content (it should be noted that a certain part of these lexical units was not of Georgian origin), namely:Traditional festive days, such as: xaṭoba − Chatoba (Heiligenfest, Kirchweih, Kirmes) ‘Festival of pagan shrine’, ‘Saint’s day’; bzoba − Palmsonntag ‘Palm Sunday’; mariamoba − Mariä Himmelfahrt ‘Dormition of the Virgin’; giorgoba − Tag des heiligen Georg ‘St George’s Day’.Customs and traditions: kadagi − Prediger, Propezeiher ‘shaman, seer’; tamada − Tafelleiter, Tischvorsitzender ‘chairman of feast’, ‘toast-saying master’; sadγegrӡelo − Toast, Trinkspruch ‘toast’; q̇anc̣i − Trinkhorn, Weinhorn ‘drinking horn’.Terms referring to work activities such as tone − Bäckerei, Tongefäss ‘cylindrical clay oven for flat bread’; kvevri − Weinkrug (in der Erde vergraben) ‘wine-jar (set into ground)’; sac̣naxeli − Trotte, Weinkelter ‘pressing device to press juice of grapes for wine’.\u0000Names of dishes and sweets: xinḳali − Chinkali (Art Ravioli) ‘ravioli’\u0000(chopped meat boiled in pastry sache); xačạ ṗuri − Käsekuchen ‘pastry with cheese/\u0000curds filling’; sacivi − Sazivi (Puten- oder Geflügelbrühe mit gewürzter Walnusssoße)\u0000‘chicken/turkey in cold walnut sauce’; sulguni − Sulguni (eine Art Käse) ‘variety of\u0000hard cheese’; gozinaq̇i − Gosinaki (Näscherei aus Nüssen und Honig zum Neujahr)\u0000‘chopped nuts boiled in honey’; čurčxela − Tschurtschela (aufgefädelte Nüsse, die im\u0000Most getunkt und gedörrt sind) ‘string of walnuts/hazel-nuts/raisins etc. dipped into\u0000thickened boiled grape-juice’.\u0000Clothes and shoes: čoxa-axaluxi − kaukasische männliche Tracht, Halbrock\u0000‘Caucasian tunic and coat’, ‘man’s national dress’; kalamani − Bastschuh, Ledersandale\u0000‘laced sandal’; nabadi − F","PeriodicalId":272679,"journal":{"name":"Kartveluri Memk'vidreoba [Kartvelian Heritage]","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127603562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}